vision

Question 1

Uveal tract- 3 parts

Answer 1

Choroid, Ciliary body, Iris

Question 2

Choroid

Answer 2

lots of capillaries that supply
the photoreceptor cells; contains melanin (absorbs light)

Question 3

Ciliary body

Answer 3

: encircles the lens. Muscular component refractive power of lens Vascular component

Question 4

Sclera

Answer 4

tough, white fibrous tissue
surrounding most of the eye

Question 5

Vitreous humor:

Answer 5

thick, gelatinous substance that fills the space
between the lens and the retina

Question 6

Anterior chamber of the eye

Answer 6

between cornea and lens(contains aqueus humor)

Question 7

Posterior chamber

Answer 7

between the lens and the iris(Aqueous humor is produced here and flows out through the pupil

Question 8

Aqueous Humor gets replaced X times a day

Answer 8

12

Question 9

Glaucoma

Answer 9

increased intraocular pressure  reduce blood supply to the
eye damage to retinal neurons

Question 10

Cataracts

Answer 10

Opacities in the lens

Question 11

Accommodation

Answer 11

dynamic changes in the shape of the lens

Question 12

Ametropia

Answer 12

having some sort of refractive error

Question 13

Near-sighted (myopia)

Answer 13

unable to bring distant objects into focus

Question 14

Far-sighted (hyperopic)

Answer 14

unable to bring close objects into focus

Question 15

Fundus

Answer 15

surface of the retina

Question 16

Optic disk (optic papilla)

Answer 16

blood supply enters and exits from here; also where
retinal axons exit

Question 17

Macula lutea

Answer 17

circular; near center of the
retina, Supports high visual acuity

Question 18

Photoreceptors

Answer 18

rods and cones,Outer segment contains membranous
disks that contain light-sensitive
pigments

Question 19

pigment epithelium

Answer 19

Eat (phagocytose) old membranous disks filled
with pigment (lifespan of disk= 12 days) Regenerate photopigment molecules after
exposure to light

Question 20

Rods

Answer 20

mediate vision in low light
conditions (scotopic vision

Question 21

Cones

Answer 21

mediate vision in normal or higher
lighting conditions (photopic vision);
responsible for color vision; high spatial
acuity

Question 22

mesopic vision

Answer 22

during mid-
light (dusk/dawn) conditions

Question 23

photopic vision

Answer 23

normal or higher
lighting conditions

Question 24

scotopic vision

Answer 24

low light
conditions

Question 25

How do we “return things to normal” after light hits a photoreceptor

Answer 25

arrestin;Converted to all-trans retinol

Question 26

Who sends axons from the retina to the brain?

Answer 26

ganglion cells

Question 27

optic nerve

Answer 27

retinal ganglion cells exit through the optic disk and bundle together

Question 28

optic chiasm

Answer 28

The optic nerves from each side of the head meet; some cross over

Question 29

optic tract

Answer 29

after chiasm contains info from both eyes

Question 30

Targets of Optic Tract

Answer 30

Dorsolateral geniculate nucleus, Pretectum,Suprachiasmatic nucleus, Superior colliculus

Question 31

Dorsolateral geniculate nucleus(Lateral Geniculate Nucleus)

Answer 31

Send their axons through part of the internal capsule (optic radiation) to the primary visual cortex

Question 32

Pretectum

Answer 32

Coordination center for the pupillary light reflex Receives bilateral input (info from both eyes)

Question 33

Pupillary Light Reflex

Answer 33

Use to test the function of the eye, the motor outflow to the pupil, and the paths in between * Normal: both pupils will respond the same even if you shine the light in one eye

Question 34

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

Answer 34

Receives equal input from right and left eyes via the retinohypothalamic pathway photoentrainment and circadian rhythms

Question 35

Superior Colliculus

Answer 35

Coordinates head and eye movements to visual targets

Question 36

Anopsias(Optic nerve damage)

Answer 36

no vision from that eye

Question 37

Anopsias(Optic chiasm damage)

Answer 37

involves both eyes (peripheral usually

Question 38

Anopsias(Optic tract damage)

Answer 38

both eyes, but generally from the same side of field

Question 39

Anopsias(Optic radiation damage)

Answer 39

more specified field of view missing, but can depend on where it is

Question 40

M ganglion cells

Answer 40

larger receptive fields, larger cell bodies, and larger diameter axons (faster) than P ganglion cells

Question 41

P ganglion cells

Answer 41

can transmit color information and M ganglion cells cannot, but both receive input from cones

Question 42

Koniocellular

Answer 42

important for some aspects of color vision and project to Layers 2/3 instead of 4

Question 43

Dorsal stream

Answer 43

Information from the primary visual cortex to the posterior parietal cortex. It's responsible for localizing objects in space and guiding actions.

Question 44

ventral stream

Answer 44

Visual information from the primary visual cortex to the temporal lobe.carries information related to object form and recognition.