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Perception & Cognition > Vision 2 > Flashcards

Vision 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What was studies in relation to colour vision?

A 
Types of cones
Trichromatic theory
Opponent process theory
Colour blindness
Sensory integration
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2
Q

Light is a form of ___________ radiation
classified according to ___________ (how long
is one cycle)

A

electromagnetic

wavelength

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3
Q

Humans can perceive light waves in the range of about?

A

380-740nm (nanometers)

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4
Q

Light waves of incredibly high frequency are? (what colour)

A

Ultraviolet

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5
Q

Light waves of incredibly low frequency are? (what colour)

A

Infrared

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6
Q

What is preferential absorption?

A

Different photoreceptors in retina are sensitive to different wavelengths (eg. S-cones, M-cones and L-cones)

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7
Q

What do we perceive different wavelengths as?

A

colour

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8
Q

What determines the brightness of light?

A

The amplitude (height) of the waves

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9
Q

Colour perception is not inherent. What are the 3 steps to colour perception?

A
  1. Detection: light must be detected by our retina
  2. Discrimination: have to be able to tell different wavelengths apart
  3. Appearance: different colours go with different objects
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10
Q

What is meant by photopic?

A

light intensities that are bright enough to stimulate the cone receptors and saturate the rod receptors (E.g., sunlight, bright in door lighting)

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11
Q

What is meant by Scotopic?

A

light intensities that are bright enough to stimulate the rod receptors but too dim to stimulate the cone receptors (E.g., moonlight, dim indoor lighting)

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12
Q

What are the 4 different kinds of photoreceptors involved in discrimination?

A

1 rod type

3 cone types

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13
Q

What are the 3 different types of cone receptors and what are they sensitive to?

A

S-cones: short wavelengths (420 nm)
M-cones: medium wavelengths (535nm)
L-cones: long wavelengths (565 nm)

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14
Q

What is the problem of univariance?

A

For any single photoreceptor, there’s an infinite pairing of wavelengths that produce the same response rate

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15
Q

What is the Trichromatic theory?

A

Colour perception as the result of the pattern of activation from all three kinds of cones

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16
Q

Why do we see one colour, not a bunch of colours all jumbled together?

A

because we are restricted by our trichromatic visual system

17
Q

What are two wavelengths that are the same in two different colour combinations?

A

A single wavelength of ‘yellow’ light
AND
A mixture of ‘red’ and ‘green’ lights

18
Q

What are Metamers?

A

Any pair of stimuli that are perceived of as identical

even though they are physically different

19
Q

What are two ways you can mix colours?

A

Additive colour mixture = the mixing of lights

Subtractive colour mixture = the mixing of pigments/ paints

20
Q

What phenomena can’t be explained by the Trichromatic theory?

A

Afterimages

21
Q

What combinations of colour can we see?

A

Greeny-yellow
Bluish-green
Yellowy-red (orange)

22
Q

What combinations of colour can’t we see?

A

Greeny-red
Yellowy-blue
Whitish-black

23
Q

What does the Opponent process theory of colour suggest?

A

That colour perception is controlled by the activity of two opponent systems; a blue-yellow mechanism and a red-green mechanism

24
Q

What is the difference between red and green when examining their opponent neurons?

A

RED: positive (or excitatory) response
GREEN: negative (or inhibitory) response

25
Q

Where are Cone opponent cells are found?

A

In the retina, LGN and V1

26
Q

What is Deuteranope?

A

Colourblindness where a person has no M-cones and they can’t see green

27
Q

What are the 3 types of colourblindness?

A

deuteranope
Protanopia
Tritanopia

28
Q

What is Protanopia?

A

Colourblindness where a person has no L-cones and they can’t see red

29
Q

What is Tritanopia?

A

Colourblindness where a person has no S-cones and they can’t see blue

30
Q

What does Sensory integration suggest?

A

We rarely experience each of the individual sense in isolation because some brain regions combine information from different sensory modes (e.g., the superior colliculus, orbitofrontal cortex, thalamus)

31
Q

Combining our senses may give us the 2 survival advantages of?

A

Allowing us to generate an internal coherent internal representation of the world
Increased accuracy and reliability of experience

32
Q

What is Synaesthesia?

A

experiencing reliable sensory associations between apparently unrelated phenomena (eg. colours that elicit sound sensations)

33
Q

What is suggested to be a cause of synaesthesia?

A

Cross-modal connections between normally separate brain areas produces brain cross activation (may be genetic)

34
Q

What is 1 type of Screening test used to see if you have synaesthesia?

A

Ramachandran & Hubbarb (2s & 5s grid)

Perception & Cognition (10 decks)

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