Visual And Auditory Disorders

Question 1

Myopia

Answer 1

near sightedness

can see near; distance is blurry

Question 2

Hyperopia

Answer 2

far sightedness

can see far; near is blurry

Question 3

Presbyopia

Answer 3

a specific type of hyperopia

far sightedness that happens in people over 40 years old

loss of accomodation

Question 4

Astigmatism

Answer 4

ill-regularity in the lens that causes visual changes (blurry)

Question 5

Aphakia

Answer 5

loss of a lens

Question 6

main symptoms of refractive errors

Answer 6

blurred vision, headaches, eye strain

Question 7

Correctable refractive errors tx

Answer 7

corrective glasses
contact lenses: instruct patient to remove if experiencing RSVP
surgical therapy

Question 8

RSVP teaching point

Answer 8

Redness, Sensitivity, Visual Problems, Pain

Question 9

Uncorrectable visual impairment

Answer 9

causes of blindness: cataracts, glaucoma, age related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, corneal disease

Question 10

Total Blindness

Answer 10

no lights

Question 11

Functional blindness

Answer 11

lights and shadows

Question 12

legally blind

Answer 12

corrected vision in 2200 or worse

cannot see more than 20ft

Question 13

sighted-guide techniques

Answer 13

stand slightly in from so the person doesn’t walk into something; offer them your elbow; instruct the pt about things in the room and where they are located

always announce entering and departure

Question 14

Extraocular disorders: Hordeolum

Answer 14

inflammation/infection disorder

Sty
Gland on eyelid get inflamed
apply warm compression to drain
Painful
May need surgery

Question 15

Extraocular disorders: Clalzion

Answer 15

inflammation/infection disorder

eyelid is swollen
warm compress
may need surgery

Question 16

Extraocular disorders: Blepharitis

Answer 16

Inflammation/infection disorder

eyelid margins are inflamed

Question 17

Extraocular disorders: Conjunctivitis

Answer 17

inflammation/infection disorder

conjunctiva is inflamed
red, crusty drainage

Question 18

Corneal Abrasion

Answer 18

inadequate eye care
red, painful

in pt’s on ventilators, Bell’s palsy, Guillian Barre’

Question 19

Intraocular Disoder: Retinal Detachment

Answer 19

separation of the sensory retina and the underlying epithelium, fluid accumulates

need to go the ER

usually in just 1 eye

Question 20

Retinal Detachment risk factors

Answer 20

increased age, eye trauma, cataract surgery, glaucoma surgery, severe myopia, retinopathy, personal/family hx

Question 21

Retinal Detachment manifestation

Answer 21

light flashes, floaters, cobweb, curtain (one retina detaches)

Question 22

Retinal Detachement Goal

Answer 22

Goal: seal retinal breaks; relieve inward traction on retina

Question 23

Post-Op eye care teaching

Answer 23

hygiene caring for eye
symptoms of infection: redness, itching, pain

prevention of intraocular pressure: heavy lifting
instillation of eye drops: pull down and put in sac

Meds for pain (mild pain)
follow up appointment

Question 24

Orbital Surger: Enucleation

Answer 24

removal of the entire eye

indicated for: blind, painful eye, infection, trauma, ocular malignancy

Question 25

Nursing Management of Enucleation

Answer 25

support - psychological, social loss of 1 eye - the pt looses depth perception adjustment to vision loss-safety, moving with aids assist with cognitive mapping (work with position sense, direction)

Question 26

Inner Ear Problem: Meniere's Disease

Answer 26

excessive accumulation of fluid in labyrinth; increases until labyrinth ruptures unknown etiology May lead to permanent hearing loss Feeling constant dizziness/Tinnitus

Question 27

Meniere's Attack

Answer 27

When Labyrinth ruptures ``` Increased Tinnitus Vertigo Sensorineural hearing loss N/V fullness in ear Pallor, Sweating ```

Question 28

Meniere's Disease collaborative care

Answer 28

antihistamines, anticholinergic, benzos bedrest - keep head still to reduce vertigo Maintenance: diuretics, low Na diet, anti vertigo meds (antihistamines) surgical: labyrinthectomy - will cause permanent deafness in that ear)

Question 29

Meniere's Disease nursing management

Answer 29

during attack: quiet, darkened room, remove flickering lights; falls precaution post-op: quiet, darkened room, remove flickering lights, falls precaution; tinnitus and vertigo resolve over days/weeks after surgical ablation of labyrinth

Question 30

Inner ear problems: Labyrinthitis

Answer 30

inflammation of inner ear, affects cochlear and/or vestibular part of labyrinth infection can enter inner ear from meninges, middle ear, bloodstream rare due to antibx use resembles Meniere's but is not chronic

Question 31

Labyrinthitis manifestations

Answer 31

``` unilateral tinnitus and sensorineural hearing loss vertigo nystagmus N/V -can result in permanent deafness ``` Most common complication of meningitis