Visual and Auditory systems

Question 1

Sensory Receptors

Answer 1

cells that convert energy to neural activity

Question 2

Vision Receptors

Answer 2

Light is converted to chemical energy

Question 3

Auditory Receptors

Answer 3

Air pressure converted to mechanical energy

Question 4

Somatosensory Receptors

Answer 4

Mechanical energy activates mechanoreceptors

Question 5

Gustatory/Olfactory Receptors

Answer 5

Molecules fit to receptors

Question 6

Pain Receptors

Answer 6

Tissue damage releases chemicals

Question 7

What happens when the hair on an arm is displaced?

Answer 7

the dendrite of a somatosensory neuron is wrapped around the base of a hair. When the hair is displaced, the dendrite is stretched by the displacement

Question 8

What happens in response to a dendrite stretching?

Answer 8

Sodium channels open which leads to an action potentioal

Question 9

Receptive Fields

Answer 9

Neurons have these–> part that only responds to a specific stimulus

Question 10

Rapidly Adapting Receptors

Answer 10

Detect whether something is there

Question 11

Slowly Adapting Receptors

Answer 11

React to stimulation more slowly

Question 12

Exteroreceptive

Answer 12

Receptors that respond to external stimuli

Question 13

Interoreceptive

Answer 13

Receptors that respond to our own activity

Question 14

Periaqueductal Gray Matter

Answer 14

Pain pathway

Question 15

Where does message modification occur?

Answer 15

At Neural Relays

Question 16

Gating

Answer 16

Inhibition of sensory information

Why we dont feel possible sever pain when excited

Question 17

Topographic Organization

Answer 17

a neural spatial representation of the world

Different regions of the brain represent different aspects of the sensory input

Question 18

Rods

Answer 18

photoreceptor that is sensitive to dim light

Mainly used for night vision

Question 19

Cones

Answer 19

Used for daytime vision

Signal spatial detail and color

Question 20

Where are cones located?

Answer 20

in the foveal region

Question 21

Where are rods located?

Answer 21

the rest of the retina

Question 22

Retinal Ganglion Cells

Answer 22

collect at the blind spot and leave to form the optic nerve

Question 23

Optic Chiasm

Answer 23

Where two optic nerves meet

Half the fibers from each eye cross

Question 24

Where is the right eyes visual field represented?

Answer 24

The left hemisphere

Question 25

Where is the left eyes visual field represented?

Answer 25

The right hemisphere

Question 26

Geniculostriate Pathway

Answer 26

LGN --> Striate Cortex--> Visual Cortex | Pattern Analysis

Question 27

Visual Form Agnosia

Answer 27

inability to recognize objects | symptom of damage to geniculostriate syste,

Question 28

Tectopulvinar System

Answer 28

Detection and orientation of visual stimuli | Superior Colliculus--> Pulvinar--> Visual Cortex

Question 29

Visual Ataxia

Answer 29

the inability to recognize where objects are located

Question 30

Hemianopia

Answer 30

vision loss of the right vision field

Question 31

Quadrantanopia

Answer 31

Vision loss in 1/4 of the vision field

Question 32

Scotoma

Answer 32

a blind spot in the vision field

Question 33

Dorsal Stream

Answer 33

Vision for action

Question 34

Ventral Stream

Answer 34

Object perception and perceiving certain types of movements

Question 35

Area V5

Answer 35

specialized to detect motion

Question 36

Area V4

Answer 36

Area of color

Question 37

What happens when V4 area is damaged?

Answer 37

People only see shades of grey and can't recognize faces

Question 38

Damage to Left OTG

Answer 38

Difficulty Reading Can't read Unable to name colors

Question 39

Damage to Right OTG

Answer 39

Difficulty recognizing peoples faces and identifying handwriting

Question 40

Prosopagnosia

Answer 40

Facial recognition deficit

Question 41

Apperceptive Agnosia

Answer 41

Failure of perception

Question 42

Associative Agnosia

Answer 42

Failure to recognize an object

Question 43

8th Cranial Nerve

Answer 43

Carries auditory and vestibular information

Question 44

What is the range of human hearing?

Answer 44

-20-20,000 hz

Question 45

Pinna

Answer 45

Found in the outer ear | catches waves of air pressure

Question 46

Ossicles

Answer 46

Found in the middle ear 3 smallest bones of the human body Attach the eardrum to the inner ear

Question 47

Cochlea

Answer 47

Found in the inner ear | Contains hair cells

Question 48

Hair cells

Answer 48

Auditory sensory receptors

Question 49

Organ of Corti

Answer 49

part of the basilar membrane where hair cells are found

Question 50

Where is the basilar membrane found?

Answer 50

In the cochlea

Question 51

Where are high frequency sounds heard?

Answer 51

at the base of the basilar membrane

Question 52

Where are low frequencies heard?

Answer 52

at the apex of the basilar membrane

Question 53

Inner hair cells

Answer 53

Sensory cells

Question 54

Outer hair cells

Answer 54

Amplifiers

Question 55

What forms the lateral lemniscus?

Answer 55

the axons in the ventral cochlear nucleus

Question 56

Primary Auditory Cortex

Answer 56

First cortical structure to process incoming auditory information

Question 57

Vestibular System

Answer 57

Involved in balance, eye movement and body position in space