Visual flashcards M1

Question 1

Arachnoid granulations

Answer 1

Drain CSF into venous sinuses

Question 2

Sulcus, gyrus, fissure

Answer 2

Sulcus is groove inwards
Gyrus is bump
Fissure separates large brain regions

Question 3

What separates the occipital and parietal lobe, the cerebrum from cerebellum and parietal lobe and frontal lobe?

Answer 3

image

Question 4

What is the transverse fissure?

Answer 4

Separates cerebrum from cerebellum

Question 5

What is the lateral sulcus?

Answer 5

Separates temporal lobe from frontal and parietal

Question 6

What is the conus medullaris?

Answer 6

Bottom of spinal cord

Question 7

What is the filum terminale?

Answer 7

Extends from conus medullaris to posterior surface of coccyx

Question 8

What is the cauda equina?

Answer 8

Grows due to disproportionate growth of spinal cord vs vertberal column

Question 9

Anatomy of transverse section of spinal cord

Answer 9

Dorsal does afferent info
Ventral does efferent info

Question 10

Lesions and damage to dorsal and ventral horns result in what?

Answer 10

Left ventral = paralysis right side
Right dorsal = sensory loss left side

Question 11

Layers of meninges in brain

Answer 11

Venous sinuses between periosteal and meningeal dura mater

Question 12

What and where are the falx cerebri, falx cerebelli and tentorium cerebelli

Answer 12

Falx cerebri for cerebrum
Falx cerebelli for cerebellum
Tentorium cerebelli covers over cerebellum and separates the 2

Question 13

What is the subarachnoid space?

Answer 13

Question 14

Where is the superior sagittal sinus?

Answer 14

Joins transverse sinus
Arachnoid villi drain CSF into superior sagittal sinus

Question 15

Where is the inferior sagittal sinus?

Answer 15

Joins straight sinus

Question 16

Where is the straight sinus?

Answer 16

Within tentorium cerebelli
Joins left transverse sinus

Question 17

Where is the transverse sinus?

Answer 17

Continuous with straight sinus

Question 18

Where do sinuses join?

Answer 18

Confluens

Question 19

Where is the sigmoid sinus?

Answer 19

Forward continuation of transverse sinus
Opens into internal jugular vein

Question 20

Where is the cavernous sinus?

Answer 20

Lateral to pituitary gland
Drains into sup. and inf. petrosal sinuses

Question 21

Where does the cavernous sinus drain into?

Answer 21

Transverse sinus (superior petrosal) and internal jugular vein (inferior petrosal)

Question 22

Name the sinuses

Answer 22

There are 6
Sup. sagittal
Inf. sagittal
Straight
Transverse
Sigmoid
Cavernous

Question 23

What does brocas area consist of?

Answer 23

Opercular
Triangular
Orbital inferior to the two

Question 24

What are the different parts of the frontal lobe?

Answer 24

Question 25

How is the body mapped in the primary motor cortex?

Answer 25

Question 26

Where is thr cingulate gyrus and supplementary motor areas?

Answer 26

Question 27

What are the 3 gyri of the parietal lobe?

Answer 27

Question 28

What separates the sup. and inf. lobules of the parietal lobe?

Answer 28

Intraparietal sulcus

Question 29

How is the body mapped in the somatosensory cortex?

Answer 29

Post-central gyrus

Question 30

Where is the visual association cortex? What sulcus divides it?

Answer 30

Question 31

What are the 3 superficial gyri of the temporal lobe? What sulci divides them?

Answer 31

Question 32

What are the structures that make up the under/ventral surface of the temporal lobe?

Answer 32

2 gyri, 3 sulci

Question 33

What are the noteable structures on the under side of the brain?

Answer 33

Question 34

Where is the fornix and septum pellucidum?

Answer 34

Question 35

Where is Wernickes area?

Answer 35

Question 36

Where are the 4 main cisterns in the skull?

Answer 36

Question 37

What are the layers of the meninges in the spinal cord?

Answer 37

Question 38

Where is the denticulate ligament?

Answer 38

Question 39

From an anterior view, what does the ventricular system look like?

Answer 39

Question 40

Where are the apertures and communication systems of the ventricular system?

Answer 40

Question 41

Where is CSF generated?

Answer 41

Choroid plexus in inferior horn and body

Question 42

Where is the 3rd ventricle?

Answer 42

Between the thalamus on either side

Question 43

Where is the 4th ventricle and what are its boundaries?

Answer 43

Question 44

What are the 8 steps/stages of CSF flow around the skull?

Answer 44

Question 45

What is the direction of bloodflow from heart to the brain?

Answer 45

Question 46

What are the 3 main cerebral arteries?

Answer 46

Question 47

The circle of willis and its purpose?

Answer 47

To maintain blood supply to brain even if there is a blockage

Question 48

Where does the posterior cerebral artery supply?

Answer 48

Medial aspect of hemisphere and posterior 1/3

Question 49

What does the middle cerebral artery supply?

Answer 49

Almost all lateral surfaces of cerebral hemispheres

Question 50

What does the anterior cerebral artery supply?

Answer 50

Medial aspect of hemisphere and anterior 2/3

Question 51

What is the map of the motor cortex?

Answer 51

Question 52

Where is the corpus callosum and what are the 4 parts of it called?

Answer 52

Question 53

What are the names for the different combinations of the basal ganglia?

Answer 53

Question 54

What is the anatomy of the basal ganglia

Answer 54

Question 55

Model of caudate nucleus, thalamus and lentiform nucleus

Answer 55

Question 56

Coronal section showing basal ganglia component

Answer 56

Question 57

Parts of diencephalon

Answer 57

Thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus

Question 58

What do the sup., middle and inf. peduncles do?

Answer 58

Help to anchor cerebrum to brainstem Cranial nerves III and IV

Question 59

Anatomy of the colliculi

Answer 59

Question 60

How to distinguish between sup. and inf. colliculi

Answer 60

Superior for eyes and eye movement Inferior for hearing

Question 61

Substantia nigra, red nucleus,

Answer 61

Red nucleus is a relay station

Question 62

What is contained in the pons?

Answer 62

Rythmic breathing

Question 63

What is contained in the medulla?

Answer 63

Pyramid and pyramidal decussation

Question 64

Overall view of entire brainstem

Answer 64

Question 65

Where are the olives?

Answer 65

Relay info to cerebellum

Question 66

Fasciculus gracilis vs cuneatus

Answer 66

Gracilis info from lower limb Cuneatus info from upper limb

Question 67

Where are all 12 cranial nerves on the brainstem?

Answer 67

Question 68

Structures here

Answer 68

A = Body of caudate nucleus B = Putamen of lentiform nucleus C = Hippocampus D = Parahippocampal gyrus

Question 69

Structures here p2

Answer 69

A = Mammillary body for recognition and olfaction B = Right optic nerve C = Hypophyseal D = Pyramid

Question 70

What are the nerves here?

Answer 70

A = Trigeminal B = Abducens C = Accessory

Question 71

What are the nerves here?

Answer 71

A = Hypoglossal nerve B = Facial nerve C = Vestibulocochlear nerve

Question 72

Where are the cerebellar peduncles?

Answer 72

Question 73

Cerebellar peduncles as seen in cerebellum

Answer 73

Question 74

Basic anatomy of cerebellum

Answer 74

Question 75

How are cerebellar circuits interconnected?

Answer 75

Purkinje innervated by climbing fibre Granule and parallel innervated by mossy fibres Parallel can reach to purkinje

Question 76

Histology of layers of cells in cerebellum

Answer 76

Question 77

Where is the flocular lobe and what does it consist of?

Answer 77

Question 78

What are the divisions of the cerebellum?

Answer 78

FNL for balance Ant. and Post. lobes for movement co ordination

Question 79

Where are the 3/4 deep cerebellar nuclei?

Answer 79

Globose and emobiliform = interposed nucleus Vermis projects to fastigial nucleus Dentate is largest

Question 80

What are the 3+1 saggital functional zones?

Answer 80

Vermis = spinocerebellum div. Intermediate zone = spinocerebellum div Lateral zone = Cerebrocerebellum div. FNL = vestibulocerebellum

Question 81

List the structures present here

Answer 81

A = Anterior horn of lateral ventricle B = Corpus callosum C = Insular cortex D = Globus pallidus E = Pineal gland

Question 82

What are the structures labelled here?

Answer 82

A = Interpeduncular fossa B = 3rd ventricle C = Hippocampus D = Anterior horn of lateral ventricle E = Septum pellucidum