Visual Impairment 8 Children And Working Aga Adults Flashcards
What are the 2 point guidance found in the department of health for children with VI?
Over 4yrs- classified based on binocular correction vision
Under 3 years- congenital defects should be registered as SI if not already SSI
What are the common causes of childhood VI in UK?
Cerebral visual pathway Ischaemiic encephalopathy ON hypoplasia ON atrophy Cat/aphakia Microphthalmia/Anophthalmia Ocular cutaneous albinism Glaucoma
What is threading cause if visual impairment in children?
Cortical visual impairment
What are the causes of cerebral visual impairment?
Encephalopathy
Periventricular leukomacia
Brain injury
Hydrocephalus
What are the associated neurological problems and ocular signs?
Epilepsy
Palsy
Hemiparesis
Hearing loss
Ocular:
Tropia
Nystagmus
Optic atrophy
With cerebral VI what would the patient be experiencing visually?
Poor VA
Field defects (Homo + inferior VF)
Poor fixation+ OM Probs
Normal pupil responses
What possible conditions can effect vision at birth to 12 months?
Congenital:
Cat
Glauc
Idiopathic nystagmus
High RE Optic atrophy+ hypoplasia Primary hyperplastic vit Retinoblastoma Retinopathy of prematurity Macula coloboma
What are the signs of Optic nerve hypoplasia?
Bilateral
Grey disc with surrounding halo hypoplasia
Possible nystagmus/squint
What action cause optic atrophy?
Idiopathic Tumours Probs during pregnancy Meningitis Familial Central Vision Colour effected effected
What 2 types of albinism are there?
Oculocutaneous
Ocular albinism
What are the signs and sxs of albinism?
Reduced VA
Photophobia
Hz nystagmus
Myopic + astigmatic errors
Iris transillumination
Whar can cause ocular albinism?
Disturbance in the RPE
What sxs would be found in Lebers Long Amaurosis?
Nystagmus Strab Increase RE Sluggish pupils Kerataconus
What conditions can be presented in childhood and continue with age?
Stargardts disease Best disease Cone dystrophy Retinitis pigmentosa Optic atrophy X linked retinoschesis
What are the signs of stargardts disease?
Bilateral
Slight Central scotoma
Abnormal colour vision
What are the signs of best disease?
Egg yolk appearance Bilateral Asymm Early signs 3-15 yrs Visual probs- middle age
What are the signs and sxs of cone dystrophy?
Early Bilateral Nystagmus BULLS EYE appearance RPE pigment changes Patches of atrophy
Central visual field loss Blurred V Photophobia Poor colour vision Central scotoma
What signs are present in Retinitis pigmentosa?
Attenuation of arterioles Changes to pigement retina Waxy disc Bilateral Night vision probs Progressive Late stage= Tunnel vision Onset= later ~36 yrs
What 2 tests can be used to assess near in VI child?
Maclure test charts
Massachusetts VA test (alt test)
What is a popular contrast sensitivity test for VI child?
Hiding heidi contrast test
…or could use Cardiff contrast test
What test is vital to perform for a VI child?
Visual fields
<6yrs confrontation
>=6yrs=Goldmann VF or monocular estermann
What colour vision tests can be used for a VO child?
PV- 16
Ishihara
City
HRR
To manage a child with VI what would be appropriate to give to a preschool child?
No LVAs!!!
Consider Bifs if aphakic or stand mag
What would he suitable for a child is above 7yrs?
E readers tablets or CCTV/EVES
