Visual Outcome

Question 1

What is closure?

Answer 1

The perceptual tendency to mentally ‘close up’, fill in or ignore gaps in a visual image and to perceive objects as a whole.

Question 2

What is similarity?

Answer 2

The tendency to perceive parts of a visual image that have similar features as belonging together in a unit, group or whole.

Question 3

What is figure-ground?

Answer 3

When we organise visual info by perceptually dividing a visual scene into a ‘figure’, which stands out from the ‘ground’, which is its surroundings.

Question 4

What is proximity?

Answer 4

The tendency to perceive parts of a visual image which are positioned close together as belonging together in a group.

Question 5

What is size constancy? Give an example:

Answer 5

Involves recognising that an object’s actual size remains the same, even though the size of the image it cast on the retina changes.
Eg. When you watch a train coming towards you

Question 6

What is relative size?

Answer 6

The tendency to visually perceive the object that produces the largest image on the retina as being closer, and the object that produces the smallest image on the retina as being further away.

Question 7

What is linear perspective?

Answer 7

The apparent joining/convergence of parallel lines as they disappear/recede into the distance.

Question 8

What is texture gradient?

Answer 8

The gradual reduction in detail that occurs ina surface as it recedes/disappears into the distance, compared toa surface that is close and seen in fine detail.

Question 9

What is interposition?

Answer 9

When one object partially blocks or covers another, and partially blocked object is perceived as further away than the object obscuring it.

Question 10

What is height in the visual field?

Answer 10

Objects that are closer to the horizen are perceived as being more distant than objects further away from the horizon.

Question 11

What is the difference between monocular and binocular depth cues?

Answer 11

Binocular depth cues require the use of two eyes, while monocular depth cues require the use of only one eye.

Question 12

What is accomadation?

Answer 12

The process where the eye controls the focus of an object in order to be seen both in a short or long distances.

Question 13

What is convergence?

Answer 13

The closer the object is, the greater the tension.

Question 14

What is retinal disparity?

Answer 14

The closer the object, the greater the disparity (distance between the images)

Question 15

List the 4 Gestalt principles:

Answer 15

• Figure-ground
• Closure
• Similarity
• Proximity

Question 16

What does reversible figure refer to? Give an example:

Answer 16

Visual stimuli that enable the figure and ground to be perceived as ‘legitimate’ alternatives.
Eg. Escher’s artwork’s where the figure and ground of the image change depending on where you are focused.

Question 17

What does camouflage refer to?

Answer 17

When the figure and ground are not easily separated, because they blend together.

Question 18

List the 5 pictorial depth cues:

Answer 18

• Linear perspective
• Texture gradient
• Interposition
• Relative size
• Height in the visual field

Question 19

List the 4 constancies:

Answer 19

• Size
• Shape
• Brightness
• Orientation

Question 20

List the 3 stages of sensation:

Answer 20

1. Reception
2. Transduction
3. Transmission

Question 21

List the 3 stages of perception:

Answer 21

1. Selection
2. Organisation
3. Interpretation

Question 22

When does reception occur?

Answer 22

Occurs when the sense organ receives stimulus energy.

Question 23

What is transduction?

Answer 23

The process by which the energy collected by

receptor cells is changed into electrochemical nerve impulses.

Question 24

When does transmission occur?

Answer 24

Occurs when the nerve impulse is sent to the relevant brain cortex.

Question 25

When does selection occur?

Answer 25

Occurs when we filter out all unnecessary information and focus on what we deem to be important.

Question 26

What is organisaton?

Answer 26

Is the process whereby the brain organises the information into meaningful patterns so that we
can make sense of it.

Question 27

What is interpretation?

Answer 27

Occurs when past experiences, values, context and

expectations are involved in the process of giving the stimuli meaning.