Visual Perception

Question 0

Pupil

Answer 0

A hole which takes in light so the eye can focus in front of it

Question 1

Cornea

Answer 1

The outer covering of the eye which protects the eye from elements which could damage the inner parts. Helps to focus light more effectively

Question 2

Iris

Answer 2

Contains pigment. Dilator pupilate muscles help Widen and shrink pupil. Allows either more or less light to enter.

Question 3

Lens

Answer 3

Clear layer which focuses the light that the pupil takes in. It is held in place by the ciliary muscles, which allows it to change shape depending on the amount of light

Question 4

Ciliary muscle

Answer 4

Controls the shape and movement of the lens

Question 5

Aqueous humour

Answer 5

Watery substance which fills the eye. Allows the eye to maintain shape

Question 6

Retina

Answer 6

Made of rods and cones which transmits light into chemicals and electrical pulses which is sent to optic nerve to interpret

Question 7

Vitreous humour

Answer 7

Helps hold shape of eye. When debris is found it creates floaters so it is not in clear Vision

Question 8

Optic nerve

Answer 8

Carries nerve impulses to occipital lobe of centrum where vision is located.

Question 9

Fovea

Answer 9

Responsible for central and sharpest point of vision.

Question 10

Blood vessels

Answer 10

Nourish the retina

Question 11

Blind spot

Answer 11

Small area of retina which is insensitive to vision.

Question 12

Sensation

Answer 12

The physical stimulus, together with physical properties is registered by sensory organs, which decode information and turn it into neural impulses or signals. Eg seeing touch and smell

Question 13

Perception

Answer 13

Follows after sensation through a series of organisation, transition and interpretation. Meaning a person is able to ‘make sense’ of the sensation.

Question 14

Visual illusion

Answer 14

Occurs when perception consistently differs from objective reality. It is caused by a psychological factor and not a biological factor.

Question 15

Synathesia

Answer 15

The crossing of senses where the occurrence of a stimulus from one sensory automatically triggers a perception in the second sensory.

Question 16

Ponzu illusion

Answer 16

When you mistakenly perceive the length of an upper horizontal line due to depth cues of linear perspective and height in visual field. Projects image onto retina where you perceive the most distant to be longer.

Question 17

Muller lyer - arrows

Answer 17

Two lines of equal length, each having opposite shaped arrows, inverted and normal shaped arrows. The line with death tail is perceived longer

Question 18

Ames room

Answer 18

Made to appear square through a peephole which prevents bio ocular depth cues. The rear wall runs right - left from the observer. The ceiling is also not parallel to the floor as it slopes downwards. Therefore height is developed in far left corner. While the right corner maintains shape constancy but not size constancy.

Question 19

Electromagnetic spectrum, when is visible light

Answer 19

The energy that enables us to see is light energy as displayed on the spectrum. We can see visible light from 360-760

Question 20

Absolute threshold

Answer 20

The minimum amount of physical energy needed for an observer to perceive a visual stimulus in ideal conditions 50% to the time.

Question 21

Perceptual set

Answer 21

A predisposition to attend to certain aspects of the visual scene, or to interpret stimuli in a particular way. Interpreting what we see in context to preconceptions including previous experience motivation and emotion .

Question 22

Rat man experiment

Answer 22

When shown animals - rat

When shown human - man

Question 23

Rods

Answer 23

Photoreceptors which provide peripheral vision in black and white. And work in dim light.

Question 24

Cones

Answer 24

Photoreceptors which provide clear vision in colour and require bright light.

Question 25

Visual acuity

Answer 25

The clarity or sharpness of vision.

Question 26

Perceptual Constancies - size and shape

Answer 26

Size and shape enable us to maintain a stable perception of a stimulus, although the image on the retina may change.

Question 27

Size constancy

Answer 27

Maintain a constant perception of an objects size even though the size of the image on the retina alters as the object moves closer/further away.

Question 28

Shape constancy

Answer 28

Object is perceived to maintain its known shape despite the changing perspective from where it is observed.

Question 29

Gestalt principles

Answer 29

The whole is greater than the Sum of its parts

Question 30

Phi phenomenon

Answer 30

Property of motion is present in the whole rather than individual parts. Eg cartoons as one still picture after another gives impression of movement.

Question 31

Figure ground

Answer 31

Visual field being attended to and focused on its figure and surroundings. Eg camouflage due to the the blending of contours.

Question 32

Closure

Answer 32

When you perceive an object as being whole, despite it being incomplete.

Question 33

Similarity

Answer 33

Individual parts of stimulus pattern are similar and we group them together.

Question 34

Proximity

Answer 34

Individual parts of pattern are close to each other, we group them together as a whole single unit.

Question 35

Depth perception

Answer 35

The ability to accurately judge 3d space and distance using cues in environment.

Question 36

Binocular depth cues how many eyes and what are they

Answer 36

Using 2 eyes - retinal disparity and convergence

Question 37

Retinal disparity

Answer 37

As our eyes are 6-7 cms apart each eye receives a slightly different image on retina as a result of different angles being observed.

Question 38

Convergence

Answer 38

The automatic inwards turning of the eyes as we watch an object approaching.

Question 39

Monocular depth cues - how many eyes and what are they

Answer 39

1 eye - accommodation and pictorial depth cues

Question 40

Accomodation

Answer 40

When ciliary muscles of the eyes change shape of lens to focus light on retina

Question 41

What are the five pictorial depth cues

Answer 41

1 linear perspective 
2 interposition 
3 texture gradient 
4 relative size 
5 height in visual field