visual word recognition and cognitive neuroscience - l4 (goblin) Flashcards
(32 cards)
What is visual word recognition?
The ability to recognize written words visually without the need for phonetic decoding.
Define auditory word recognition.
The process of recognizing words through auditory input.
What is potential parallel input in word recognition?
The ability to process multiple inputs simultaneously.
What does orthography refer to?
The conventional spelling system of a language.
Explain clear lexical segmentation.
The ability to identify distinct words within continuous speech or text.
What is learned ability in word recognition?
A skill that becomes automatic after practice and exposure.
What is serial input in auditory word recognition?
The processing of auditory information in a sequential manner.
What is character recognition?
The ability to identify and interpret written characters.
through template matching and feature decision
Describe template matching in character recognition.
Storing representations of letters in memory and matching observed characters to these templates.
What are storage concerns in template matching?
The challenge of storing all possible representations of letters.
What does normalization to letter prototypes involve?
Adjusting the representations of letters to a standard form to facilitate recognition.
Define feature detection in character recognition.
Breaking down characters into their constituent parts and comparing them to memory patterns.
analysis by synthesis
What is the word superiority effect?
The phenomenon where letters are recognized better when they are part of a word than when they are presented in isolation.
What is the interactive activation model?
A model that explains word recognition through the interaction of features, characters, and words.
What is deep orthography?
A writing system where the relationship between letters and sounds is complex and variable.
What is shallow orthography?
A writing system with a consistent one-to-one correspondence between letters and sounds.
What is the Dual Route Theory?
A theory suggesting two routes for word recognition: a direct route and an assembled route.
evidence - Orden 1987
-Dual Route evidence
Homophone effect occurs mainly in low frequency words (Jared & Seidenburg, 1991)
Low frequency words: assembled route
High frequency words: direct route
Low frequency words with regular spelling-to-sound rules recognised faster than those that are irregular
Plump recognised faster than Caste
No difference with high frequency words
Stop recognised at same speed as Says
Race between routes
High frequency words: direct route usually wins
Low frequency words: assembled route usually wins
What are the two primary kinds of dyslexia?
- Phonological dyslexia (60%) - trouble with assembled route, poor reading on low frequency words
- Surface dyslexia (40%) - sound out all words laboriously as beginning readers, problems in visual perception or memory prevents bottom up visual processing of characters
What does the N400 component in ERPs indicate?
It reflects the processing of semantic information and sensitivity to context.
sensitive to the organization of semantic knowledge
What is the role of orthographic neighborhood in lexical decision?
Words from larger neighborhoods are recognized as words more quickly due to partial activation.
-Partial activation of all neighbourhood words
Lexical decision based upon activation level of individual word or
Lexical decision based upon global lexical activity (Grainger & Jacobs, 1996)
True or False: The assembled route is primarily used for high frequency words.
False
Fill in the blank: The _______ effect occurs mainly in low frequency words.
homophone
what are the characteristics of visual word recognition?
potential parrallel input
orthography
clear lexical segmentation
learned ability -> later becomes automatic
what are the characteristics of auditory word recognition?
serial input
phonetics
no clear segmentation cues
unaided acquisition
