Vital Signs Flashcards

(33 cards)

1
Q

What are the two types of hypertension?

A
  • primary (90%)

- secondary (10%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the causes of primary hypertension?

A
  • genetics

- aging bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the causes of secondary hypertension?

A
  • medications
  • disease states
  • foods with high sodium
  • alcohol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do you prepare a patient for a BP reading?

A
  • pt should avoid caffeine, nicotine, and exercise 30 min before
  • pt should be relaxed 5 min before with no legs crossed
  • empty bladder
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The headset for the stethoscope should always point…

A

out towards nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The diaphragm of the stethoscope is the…

A

big part and can be less precise about placement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The bell of the stethoscope is the…

A

small piece

- better for hearing things, but have to be more accurate in placement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What happens if the BP cuff is too small?

A

BP will be falsely high

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What happens if the BP cuff is too big?

A

BP will be falsely low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What artery should the BP cuff cover?

A

brachial artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What sounds should you listen to when measuring BP?

A

Korotkoff sounds

  • first is SBP
  • second is DBP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the numbers for stage 1 HTN?

A

one or other

  • SBP: 130-139
  • DBP: 80-89
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the numbers for stage 2 HTN?

A

one or other

  • SBP: >140
  • DBP: > 90
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the goal numbers for pt with HTN?

A

< 130/80

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which fingers should you use to measure heart rate?

A

index and middle finger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are some ways to count HR?

A
  • count for 15 seconds and multiply by 4

- count for 30 seconds and multiply by 2

17
Q

What is the normal HR?

A

60-100 beats per minute

18
Q

What is the normal respiratory rate?

19
Q

What is Type 1 diabetes?

A
  • autoimmune disorder (genetic)
  • beta cells are destroyed
  • insulin deficiency
20
Q

What is Type 2 diabetes?

A
  • decline in insulin release

- insulin resistance

21
Q

Symptoms of Type 1 diabetes:

A
  • early onset

- often occurs at younger age

22
Q

Symptoms of Type 2 diabetes:

A
  • develops gradually
  • often occurs at later age
  • mainly screening for these at outreach
23
Q

Why is diagnosing diabetes important?

A

can cause macrovascular and microvascular issues

  • macrovascular: stroke, coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease
  • microvascular: retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy
24
Q

What are some ways to screen for diabetes?

A
  • A1C test
  • fasting blood sugar
  • glucose tolerance test
  • random blood sugar test
25
What are the four types of cholesterol?
- LDL - HDL - VLDL - TC
26
Info on LDLs:
bad cholesterol | - high levels = plaque buildup
27
Info on HDLs:
- takes cholesterol from body back to liver to be removed | - good cholesterol
28
Info on VLDL:
carries triglycerides
29
Info on TC:
measurement of total amount of cholesterol in blood
30
What is considered a normal bone density reading?
-1 and above
31
What reading is considered osteopenia?
between -1 and -2.5
32
What reading is considered osteoporosis?
-2.5 and below
33
For optimal absorption of calcium, how should one take it?
500 mg QD