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Patient Care > Vital Signs > Flashcards

Vital Signs Flashcards

1
Q

when are vital signs performed in the DI department?

A
  • if pt is having an invasive procedure
  • before and after medication admin
  • pt reports feeling unwell
  • no recent baseline noted in chart
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2
Q

what are the 3 cardinal vital signs?

A
  1. body temp
  2. pulse
  3. respiration
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3
Q

what additional vital signs do we take that isn’t a cardinal vital sign?

A

blood pressure

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4
Q

normal limits for body temp

A

37˚C +/- 0.5-1˚C

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5
Q

temperature is dependent on where it was taken. list then from areas that has the lowest to highest temp.

A

armpits (axillary)
temporal
oral
ear (tympanic)
rectal

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6
Q

(decrease/increase) of metabolism can produce MORE heat

A

increase in metabolism = more heat

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7
Q

pyrexia

A

fever
temp is ≥38˚ depending on the location of assessment
increase pulse rate, respiration due to increase demand for o2

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8
Q

hypothermia

A

temp below normal limits
body losing heat faster than it can produce
decrease pulse and resp

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9
Q

how do you document body temp?

A

time and location it was taken (eg. axillary, oral)

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10
Q

where can you detect a pulse?

A
  • radial (wrist)
  • carotid (neck)
  • apical (apex of heart)
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11
Q

normal pulse rate for adults

A

60-90 bpm

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12
Q

what words are used to describe a pulse when documenting?

A

weak/strong, regular/irregular

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13
Q

how do you properly document pulse rate?

A

description, time and location

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14
Q

what is considered tachycardia?

A

> 100 bpm

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15
Q

what is considered bradycardia?

A

<60 bpm

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16
Q

when describing a pulse as thready, what does that mean?

A

it is difficult to find
if you lessen the pressure, it won’t be found
can be irregular

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17
Q

respiration = ____ + _____

A

one inspiration and one expiration

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18
Q

4 things we’re looking for when observing respiration.

A
  1. rate
  2. depth
  3. quality
  4. pattern
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19
Q

normal respiration range for adults

A

15-20

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20
Q

cyanosis

A

range of 10 or less respirations

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21
Q

what words are used to describe respiration?

A

shallow, laboured, regular/irregular

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22
Q

how do you document respiration?

A

ex. R 15/min, or RR 15

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23
Q

what is blood pressure dependent on?

A
  • heart function
  • blood volume
  • blood viscosity
  • peripheral resistance
24
Q

what is normal adult bp?

A

<120/80mmHg

25
Q

what range puts someone at pre-hypertension?

A

120-139mmHg/80-89mmHg

26
Q

what is the BP when someone is hypertensive?

A

≥140mmHg/≥90mmHg

27
Q

what is the BP when someone is hypotensive?

A

<90mmHg/<50-60mmHg

28
Q

what are the symptoms for hypotension?

A

lightheadedness, dizziness, fainting, blurred vision, fatigue, nausea, lack of concentration

29
Q

what are the two ways to measure BP?

A
  1. sphygmomanometer with cuffs + stethoscope
  2. automatic digital BP monitor
30
Q

what are some factors that increases BP readings?

A
  • cuffs too small
  • laboured breathing
  • legs crossed
  • pain
  • full bladder
31
Q

if a pt’s arm is below heart level, what can it potentially do to the pt’s BP reading?

A

increases BP readings

32
Q

if a pt’s arm is above heart level, what can it potentially do to the pt’s BP reading?

A

decreases the BP readings

33
Q

stethoscope checklist

A
  1. ensure correct ear tip size
  2. ear tips pointing forward
  3. no debris?
  4. check seal of tubing
  5. diaphragm open?
34
Q

when opening the valve for BP monitoring, the first beat is the ___.

A

systolic pressure

35
Q

when monitoring BP, the change or first absence of the sound is the ___.

A

diastolic pressure

36
Q

Korotkoff sounds

A

sounds heard during blood pressure measurement

37
Q

what are the 5 Korotkoff sounds?

A
  1. sharp thump/tapping
  2. blowing/whooshing
  3. softer thump
  4. softer blowing/muffled
  5. silence
38
Q

if sound continues to 0mmHg, what do we mark the diastolic pressure as?

A

when the Korotkoff sounds become muffled

39
Q

normal fasting blood sugar for someone diabetic?

A

4-7 mmol/L

40
Q

normal 2 hours after meal blood sugar for someone diabetic?

A

5-10 mmol/L

41
Q

normal fasting blood sugar for someone not diabetic?

A

3.9-5.5 mmol/L

42
Q

normal blood sugar 2 hours after a meal for someone not diabetic?

A

<7.8 mmol/L

43
Q

what’s considered low o2 saturation?

A

<90%

44
Q

when someone is undergoing respiratory distress, what happens to their RR? HR? WOB? AMI?

A

it all increases

45
Q

normal SpO2?

A

95-100%

46
Q

<85% SpO2 means?

A

inadequate o2 delivered to tissues

47
Q

what is the most accurate way to measure o2 saturation levels?

A

by taking arterial blood samples SaO2

48
Q

hypoxic drive

A

when pts with severe chronic lung issues reduce their breathing when given too much oxygen

49
Q

how is flow rate of o2 measured?

A

LPM
litres/min

50
Q

what is the most common o2 equipment in the imaging department?

A

nasal cannula

51
Q

flow rate for nasal cannula

A

low flow rate
1-6 LPM

52
Q

flow rate of the high flow nasal cannula

A

6-15 LPM

53
Q

flow rate for a face mask?

A

5-10 LPM, never less than 5 LPM to prevent rebreathing CO2

54
Q

flow rate for bagging?

A

> 15 LPM

55
Q

flow rate for non-rebreather masks

A

10-15

Patient Care (6 decks)

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