Vital Signs - Unit 1 (Pulse, Blood Pressure)

Question 1

Pulse =

Answer 1

a wave of blood created by contraction of the left ventricle of the heart.

Question 2

Compliance = the ability of the arteries to..

Answer 2

the ability of the arteries to contract and expand.

Question 3

Peripheral Pulse - def

Answer 3

pulse located in the periphery of the body, IE, foot, hand, neck, etc.

Question 4

Apical Pulse - def

Answer 4

central pulse, located at the apex of the heart.

Question 5

What are some factors that affect pulse rate?

Answer 5

Age, Gender, Exercise, Fever, etc.

Question 6

Pulse Sites - what are ones to know?

Answer 6

Temporal, Carotid, Apical, Brachial, Radial, Femoral, Popliteal, Posterior Tibial, Dorsalis Pedis

Question 7

Assessing a pulse - includes…

Answer 7

rate, rhythm (regular or irregular), volume or strength or amplitude, presence or absence of bilateral equality.

Question 8

Scale for Measuring Pulse Volume -

Answer 8

0-3+. 0 = Absent. 1+ - Thready or weak. 2+ - Normal, detected readily. 3 + - Bounding.

Question 9

We should initially asses a pulse for how long?

Answer 9

60 seconds.

Question 10

Use a doppler before saying the pulse is a 0. T/F?

Answer 10

True!

Question 11

What are some types of heart rates? (3 not so perfect ones.)

Answer 11

Tachycardia, Bradycardia, Arrhythmia/dysrhythmia

Question 12

Pulse deficit =

Answer 12

difference between the apical pulse + radial pulse. Indicates that not all heart beats are reaching the body!

Question 13

Respirations - what are 2 of the acts of breathing?

Answer 13

Costal and Diaphragmatic.

Question 14

Inspiration = active or passive?

Answer 14

Active.

Question 15

Exhalation = active or passive?

Answer 15

Passive.

Question 16

Respiration - external and internal. T/F?

Answer 16

True!

Question 17

Hyperventilation - greater than __ bpm.

Answer 17

20.

Question 18

Hypoventilation - less than __ bpm.

Answer 18

12.

Question 19

External respiration - def

Answer 19

oxygen and C02 in the lungs - exchange between alveoli of the lungs + circulating blood.

Question 20

Internal Respiration - def

Answer 20

throughout the body - exchange of O2 and CO2 between circulating blood and tissue cells.

Question 21

What controls respirations?

Answer 21

Medulla oblongata, pons of the brain, chemoreceptors located centrally in the medulla and peripherally, etc.

Question 22

What are some factors that influence the respiratory rate?

Answer 22

Exercise, stress, increased temp, decreased temp, increased altitude, certain meds, etc.

Question 23

Assessing respirations - why?

Answer 23

Client’s health problems, medications, assess normal breathing, etc.

Question 24

Tachypnea - def

Answer 24

fast breathing.

Question 25

Bradypnea - def

Answer 25

slow breathing.

Question 26

Apnea - def

Answer 26

no breathing.

Question 27

Eupnea - def

Answer 27

normal breathing.

Question 28

Hyperventilation - def

Answer 28

too much ventilation.

Question 29

Hypoventilation - def

Answer 29

not breathing enough.

Question 30

Cheyne-Stokes - def

Answer 30

It is alternating periods of rapid/deep breathing followed by periods of apnea. Occurs in patients who are going to die soon. Occurs at a predictable/regular rate.

Question 31

Biot's - def

Answer 31

Depth + rate are quick and shallow, followed by periods of apnea - it's an irregular rate - like in severely brain damaged folks.

Question 32

What is this?

Answer 32

This is Eupnea (normal) and Eupnea with a .. sigh!

Question 33

What is this?

Answer 33

Tachypnea/Bradypnea.

Question 34

What is this?

Answer 34

Hyperventilation/Hypoventilation

Question 35

What is this?

Answer 35

Cheyne-Stoke's/Biot's.

Question 36

What are some altered breathing patterns audbile without a stethoscope?

Answer 36

Rhonchi (deep, like snoring), wheezes, stridor (high pitched), girgling.

Question 37

Breathing chest movements - what?

Answer 37

Iintercostal rectraction, substernal retraction, suprasternal retraction (clavicles), flail chest (uneven chest expansion.)

Question 38

Breathing - Secretions & coughing

Answer 38

Hemoptysis (coughing up blood), Productive cough vs. nonproductive cough.

Question 39

Arterial Blood Pressure - def

Answer 39

measure of the pressure exerted by the blood as it flows through the arteries.

Question 40

Systolic - def

Answer 40

pressure of the blood as a result of the contraction of the ventricles. Normal is \<120.

Question 41

Diastolic - def

Answer 41

pressure when the ventricles are at rest. Present at all times within the arteries. Normal is less than 80.

Question 42

Pulse Pressure = difference between diastolic and systolic pressures. T/F?

Answer 42

True!

Question 43

If the pulse pressure is narrow, like 110/90 = 20, it could be because of... \_\_\_\_.

Answer 43

Dehydration, heart problems, etc.

Question 44

If the pulse pressure is high, like 180/55 = 125, it could mean...

Answer 44

HTn, bradycardia, heart problems, aging process, etc.

Question 45

Cardiac Output = __ x \_\_, which is the volume of...

Answer 45

SV X HR, which is the ovlume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle.

Question 46

Peripheral Vascular Resistance - def

Answer 46

amount of pressure exerted in resistance to the blood flow form the walls of the arteries/arterioles. BP increases with PVR.

Question 47

What are some factors that effect BP?

Answer 47

Age, exercise, stress, race, obesity, sex, etc.

Question 48

BP tends to be higer in the afternoon. T/F?

Answer 48

True!

Question 49

Recommendations for Follow-up after screening - \<130-85 - recheck within __ year(s). BP 130-139/85-89 - recheck within __ year(s). BP 140-159/90-99 - Confirm within __ months. BP 160-179/100-109 - Evaluate or refer to source of care within __ month(s). BP = or \> 180/100 - Evaluate or refer to source of care \_\_\_\_.

Answer 49

2 years. 1 years. 2 months. 1 month. Immediately!

Question 50

What are the 3 types of Sphygmomanometers?

Answer 50

Mercury, Aneroid (like what we do manual ones on) and Electronic.

Question 51

What are the 5 phases of Korotkoff Sounds?

Answer 51

Phase 1 - a sharp tapping. Phase 2 - a swishing or whooshing sound. Phase 3 - a thump softer than the tapping in phase 1. Phase 4 - a softer blowing muffled sound that fades. Phase 5 - Silence.

Question 52

Sites for taking B/P - 4

Answer 52

Upper arm, lower arm, thigh, calf.

Question 53

We should NOT use limb that is/has been...

Answer 53

Broke, cast, Axilla or hip nodes removed (mastectomy), AV fistula, arterial line, IV line.