Urinary Elimination - Unit 5 Flashcards Preview

Nursing - 115 > Urinary Elimination - Unit 5 > Flashcards

Flashcards in Urinary Elimination - Unit 5 Deck (61)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

Normal elimination of urinary wastes is an essential basic physiological function. T/F?

A

True!

2
Q

What are the basic components of the urinary system?

A

2 Kidneys, 2 ureters, bladder, urethra.

3
Q

Urine moves in ___, and moves voluntarily/involuntarily?

A

Moves in waves and involuntarily.

4
Q

How many layers does the bladder have? What is the muscle called?

A

Detrusor muscle - 3 layers!

5
Q

The bladder can typically hold about ____ mL of urine. (not holding it!)

A

600 mL.

6
Q

What are the functions of kidneys?

A

Removes waste products of metabolism form blood, regulates body fluid and electrolyte balance, produces several hormones vital to B/P regulation, production of RBC’s and bone mineralization.

7
Q

There’s an average of ____ CC of blood, which passes through the kidney’s every minute.

A

1200 CC.

8
Q

About ___% of the filtrate (the 1200) that passes through the kidney’s is reabsorbed into the plasma. Only __ percent of the filtrate is excreted as urine.

A

99%/1%

9
Q

What is the normal adult urine output? (every 24hr)

A

1200-1500CC every 24 hours.

10
Q

___ CC or greater per hour is generally normal.

A

60.

11
Q

Output of less than __ CC per hour may indicate renal alterations. Call the doc!

A

30

12
Q

What is micturition?

A

Process of emptying urinary bladder - also called voiding, urination, etc.

13
Q

Voluntary control of micturition is possible only if ___ that process this function are intact; must be able to sense bladder is full.

A

NERVES.

14
Q

Children - desire to control daytime urinary elimination occurs when a children becomes aware of (2 things):

A

Discomfort of a wet diaper, sensation that indicates need for elimination of urine.

15
Q

Micturition factors in older people -

A

Decreased kidney size, decreased glomerular filtration rate, decreased ability to concentrate urine, decreased ability to empty bladder, difficulty emptying full bladder, difficulty starting urine stream, decreased ability to maintain urinary continence.

16
Q

Increased Fluid intake inhibits release of ____, which leads to inhibition of water reasborption which leads to increased urine.

A

ADH

17
Q

Decreased fluid intake facilitates release of ____, which leads to facilitation of water reabsorption, which leads to decreased urine.

A

ADH.

18
Q

Alcohol and caffeine leads to decreased ___ and increased ____.

A

ADH/Urine.

19
Q

Fluids containing Na+ leads to increased reabsorption of water and ___ urine.

A

Decreased.

20
Q

Certain foods may increase urine production and elimination if high in __ content.
Certain foods may decrease urine production and elimination if high in ___ content.

A

FLUID/SODIUM.

21
Q
Cholinergics - \_\_ urinary elimination.
Anticholinergics - \_\_\_ urinary retention.
Opioids - \_\_\_ urinary retention.
Duretics - \_\_ urinary production.
Others can change \_\_\_.
A
Aids.
Promotes.
Promotes.
Increases.
COLOR.
22
Q

Activity - decreased abdominal tone leads to decreased intra-abdominal pressure which leads to ___ pressure on bladder during voiding.

A

Decreased.

23
Q

Decreased tone of pelvic floor muscles leads to decreased ability of urinary sphincter to hold back urine when under pressure. T/F?

A

True!

24
Q

Anxiety/Stress - stimulation of ANS leads to decreased detrusor muscle contractions which leads to increased tone of urinary sphincter which leads to…?

A

Urinary retention!

25
Q

Behaviors that delay voiding, that can cause problems, are…

A

ignoring the urge to void, insufficient time to void, unavailability of a bathroom, lack of privacy, etc.

26
Q

Decreased BP leads to __ urine production.

A

DECREASED.

27
Q

Urgency - feeling of ….

A

need to void immediately.

28
Q

Hesitancy - def

A

difficulty initiating urination.

29
Q

Frequency - def

A

voiding in frequent intervals.

30
Q

Nocturnal Enuresis - involuntarily ___ at night during sleep.

A

Voiding.

31
Q

Dribbling - def

A

leakage of urine despite voluntary control of micturition.

32
Q

Residual Urine - def

A

volume of urine remaining in the bladder after voiding.

33
Q

Neurogenic Bladder - dysfunctional urinary bladder resulting from…

A

impaired neurologic innervation (Autonomic Bladder - paralysis?)

34
Q

Anuria - Voiding less than ___ CC/day.

A

100.

35
Q

Oliguria - Diminished urinary output of about ___ CC per 24/hr.

A

500.

36
Q

Polyuria - voiding abnormally __ amounts of urine, about ___ CC/Day.

A

2500!

37
Q

Nocturia - voiding in frequent intervals during the ___.

A

Night.

38
Q

Dysuria - easy, painless urination. T/F?

A

False - it is painful, difficult urination.

39
Q

Urinary incontinence - inability to control urination. T/F?

A

True!

40
Q

What is functional incontinence?

A

The state in which one experiences an involuntary, unpredictable passage of urine. Related to altered environment and sensory, cognitive, or mobility deficits.

41
Q

What do we do for someone who has functional incontinence?

A

Use incontinence pads, clothes that are adapted for quick removal, bathroom cues provided, toilet every 3 hours, limit use of coffee, tea, or alcohol, provide proper urine receptacle, etc.

42
Q

What’s reflex incontinence?

A

The state in which one experiences an involuntary passage of urine occurring at somewhat predictable intervals when a specific bladder volume is reached. Could be from a spinal cord injury!

43
Q

What is stress incontinence?

A

The sate in which one experiences an involuntary passage of urine of less than 50 mL occurring with increased intraabdominal pressure - if you SNEEZE or COUGH. Weak pelvic muscles, etc! KEGELS can help.

44
Q

What is urge incontinence?

A

The state in which one experiences involuntary passage of urine soon after a strong sense of urgency to void! Related to decreased bladder capacity/irritation of the stretch receptor. Gradually increased time between urination, etc.

45
Q

Urinary Retention - def

A

The state in which one experiences incomplete emptying of the bladder. Bladder can hold up to 2,000-3000 mL of urine at max!

46
Q

What causes urinary retention?

A

Obstruction of urine flow, alterations in motor or sensory innervation to the detrusor muscle and internal sphincter, inability to relax external sphincter, use of medications with urinary retention as an adverse response.

47
Q

How do we help clients with urinary retention?

A

Help client assume a normal position to void, stimulate reflex voiding center, remove blockage if possible, catheterize with intermittent or indwelling catheter to resolve acute retention.

48
Q

What is a UTI?

A

A urinary tract infection - a state in which one has an infection of a structure in the urinary tract.

49
Q

UTI - Bacteria count greater than ____ per mL is indicative of infection. They account for __% of nosocomial infections. (Women or men?) are more susceptible because of what? How do they get there?

A

100,000. Account for 40% of nosocomial infections, and women are more susceptible. They just enter the urinary tract!

50
Q

What are some of the defining characteristics of a UTI?

A

Dysuria, urgency, frequency, fever/chills, nausea/vomiting, malaise, hematuria (blood in urine), flank pain, etc. Blueberries can help!

51
Q

Pyridium - what is it and what can it do the urine?

A

Helps with the pain of a UTI - makes it easier and less painful to go. Turns your urine and orangey color.

52
Q

Catheter care - hang the bag on the bedrail, right?

A

No, DO NOT.

53
Q

What are some characteristics of normal urine?

A

1200-1500 in 24 hours (output), straw/amber/transparent color, faint aromatic smell, pH 4.5-8, glucose not present, specific gravity 1.010-1.025, blood not present, etc.

54
Q

Abnormal urine characteristics?

A

Less than 1200-1500 CC, dark color, mucous plugs, etc, offensive smell, pH under4.5 or over 8, blood present, along with glucose.

55
Q

Why is a routine urinalysis done?

A

Done as routine, admission, diagnostic test/outpatient, etc.

56
Q

Menstruating women can have a urinalysis, right?

A

Yes! Just note that!

57
Q

What is the clean catch method?

A

It’s where you wipe the area, pee a little, pee in cup, pee in toilet, etc. Maintains sterility!

58
Q

BUN - what is it?

A

A not-as-good-as-creatinine way of looking at kidney problems.

59
Q

Creatinine - what is it?

A

Reflects kidney filtration. Excellent marker for kidney damage/progressive renal failure.

60
Q

Timed specimen collections - what is it?

A

We catch urine for a whole day! Starts with an empty bladder and ends with an empty bladder. Must be kept on ice (the urine!)

61
Q

With a catheter, we can get the urine from the bad - T/F?

A

FALSE - get it form the tubing!