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FREC 4 > Vital Signs - Week 2 > Flashcards

Vital Signs - Week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Name 5 different types of blood vessels

A

Arteries
veins
Capillaries
Arterioles
Venules

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2
Q

Order blood vessels when blood leaves the heart

A

Leaves heart
1- arteries
2- arterioles
3- capillaries
4- venules
5- veins
Back to the heart

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3
Q

Arteries carry blood…

A

Away from the heart

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4
Q

Veins carry blood…

A

Back to the heart

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5
Q

What happens at the capillaries?

A

Gas exchange occurs.
O2 out of blood into tissues.
CO2 out of tissues into the blood

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6
Q

Gas exchange is what circulation?

A

Systemic circulation

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7
Q

Pulmonary circulation follows what process

A

Arteries carry deoxygenated blood to lungs and (in the capillaries) gas exchange
Blood gives off CO2 for us to breath out and takes on O2

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8
Q

Blue or red artery shows what circulations?

A

Red - systemic circulation
Blue - pulmonary circulation

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9
Q

Arterioles are what?

A

Small arteries that occur after constant branching of arteries

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10
Q

What carries blood into the capillaries?

A

Arterioles

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11
Q

Venus system - what is the the first step of this system?

A

Venules

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12
Q

How does the blood get from the venules to the heart? 

A

The venules converge over and over again and create larger veins which carry blood back to the heart

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13
Q

All blood vessels (apart from capillaries) have 3 layers, what are they called?

A

Tunica externa, media, intima

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14
Q

Describe the tunica intima

A

Tissue that is thin and smooth. Continuous with the endocardium of the heart.

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15
Q

What is the tube opening in a blood vessel called?

A

Lumen

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16
Q

What is it called when the muscles in the blood vessels constrict and the lumen gets smaller? 

A

Vasoconstriction

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17
Q

When the muscle relaxed and the lumen diameter gets bigger, what’s it call?

A

Vasodilation

18
Q

What happens if you increase sympathetic activation of the smooth muscle?

A

It will cause more constriction and the lumen diameter will get smaller

19
Q

What type of arteries are closest to the heart??

A

Elastic arteries

20
Q

How do we have a constant flow of blood??

A

The elastic arteries retract keeping a continuous pressure on the blood and causing a continuous supply

21
Q

What is past the elastic arteries?

A

Muscular arteries

22
Q

Which blood vessel walls are thinner or ticker at the same distance from the heart?

A

Arteries have far thicker walls in comparison to the veins.
Because of the veins thin walls they’re more likely to collapse

23
Q

The veins have a larger lumen in the arteries, which means what for blood pressure?

A

The blood pressure in the veins will be less than the blood pressure in the arteries

24
Q

Define blood flow

A

Volume of blood that moves through a specific area over a certain unit of time (usually minutes)

25
Q

Cardiac output = ?

A

Blood flow

26
Q

Define blood pressure

A

The exerted pressure per unit of surface area against the inner wall of a blood vessel

27
Q

What is blood pressure measured in?

A

Millimetres of mercury (mmHg)

28
Q

What phase of the heart beating creates blood pressure?

A

Ventricular systole

29
Q

Define resistance

A

Anything that opposes blood flow or makes it more difficult to flow

30
Q

Where is vascular resistance usually found and what is it also known as?

A

In the peripherals. Known as peripheral resistance as the resistant is usually away from the heart

31
Q

What can cause resistance to blood flow?

A
  • Blood Vessel diameter (Vado constriction or dilation)
  • Blood viscosity
  • length of the blood vessels
32
Q

What is it called when blood flows from high pressure to low pressure?

A

Pressure gradient

33
Q

When do we generate systolic pressure in the systemic circulation

A

When the ventricle contracts - highest pressure achieved in the arteries

34
Q

When do we generate diastolic pressure?

A

When the ventricles are relaxed. At the end of ventricular diastole

35
Q

What happens between the systolic reading and the diastolic reading?

A

Elastic arteries contract and bring the vessel lumen back to normal

36
Q

What is Mean pressure?

A

Average pressure between diastolic and systolic pressures

37
Q

Where does the biggest drop in BP occur?

A

Arterioles

38
Q

Why is the biggest drop in BP in the Arterioles?

A

Don’t want the break the thin walls of the capillaries. The Arterioles dissipate pressure to help protect the capillaries

39
Q

If the pressure gets so low as the end of the cycle how does the blood get back to the heart?

A

The veins have Venus valves. It’s a non return (one way) valve

40
Q

How does blood move up the veins/the end of the venous system?

A

Skeletal muscle contracts to help move the blood up the vein and the venous valves close to stop it from returning back down 

FREC 4 (4 decks)

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