Vitamin B1

Question 1

What is another name for Thiamine?

Answer 1

Anti-beri-beri or antineuritic vitamin

Question 2

Is thiamine water or fat soluble?

Answer 2

Water soluble

Question 3

What is the coenzyme form of thiamine?

Answer 3

Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP)

Question 4

Which metabolism is TPP mostly associated with?

Answer 4

Carbohydrate metabolism

Question 5

What two rings make up the structure of thiamine?

Answer 5

Pyrimidine ring and thiazole ring

Question 6

What connects the pyrimidine and thiazole rings in thiamine?

Answer 6

Methylene bridge

Question 7

Which vitamin contains a thiazole ring naturally?

Answer 7

Thiamine

Question 8

What group of thiamine is esterified to phosphate to form TPP?

Answer 8

Alcohol (OH) group

Question 9

How many phosphate groups are esterified to form TPP?

Answer 9

2 moles

Question 10

What enzyme catalyzes the formation of TPP from thiamine?

Answer 10

Thiamine pyrophosphate transferase

Question 11

What molecule donates the pyrophosphate group for TPP formation?

Answer 11

ATP

Question 12

What type of reactions is TPP involved in?

Answer 12

Energy releasing reactions in carbohydrate metabolism

Question 13

Which enzyme converts pyruvate to acetyl CoA?

Answer 13

Pyruvate dehydrogenase

Question 14

What coenzyme is required for pyruvate dehydrogenase?

Answer 14

TPP

Question 15

Which cycle involves ?-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase?

Answer 15

Citric acid cycle

Question 16

What coenzyme does ?-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase require?

Answer 16

TPP

Question 17

Which enzyme in the HMP shunt requires TPP?

Answer 17

Transketolase

Question 18

Which enzyme catalyzes oxidative decarboxylation of branched chain amino acids?

Answer 18

Branched chain ?-keto acid dehydrogenase

Question 19

Which amino acids are involved in the branched chain decarboxylation?

Answer 19

Valine

Question 20

Which coenzyme is essential for acetylcholine synthesis?

Answer 20

TPP

Question 21

What role does TPP play in nerve impulse transmission?

Answer 21

Helps in ion translocation and acetylcholine synthesis

Question 22

What is the RDA of thiamine for adults?

Answer 22

1ñ1.5 mg/day

Question 23

What is the thiamine requirement per 1000 calories?

Answer 23

0.5 mg/1000 calories

Question 24

What is the RDA of thiamine for children?

Answer 24

0.7ñ1.2 mg/day

Question 25

When does thiamine requirement increase?

Answer 25

Pregnancy

Question 26

Name three plant-based sources of thiamine.

Answer 26

Cereals

Question 27

Where is thiamine concentrated in cereals?

Answer 27

Outer layer (bran)

Question 28

What process removes 80% of thiamine from rice?

Answer 28

Polishing of rice

Question 29

Does polishing affect thiamine in parboiled rice?

Answer 29

No

Question 30

Name two animal sources rich in thiamine.

Answer 30

Pork

Question 31

Why shouldn't cooking water be discarded?

Answer 31

It contains dissolved thiamine

Question 32

What causes beri-beri?

Answer 32

Thiamine deficiency

Question 33

What population is at high risk of beri-beri?

Answer 33

Those consuming only polished rice

Question 34

What are early symptoms of thiamine deficiency?

Answer 34

Anorexia

Question 35

What is the sensation in legs caused by thiamine deficiency?

Answer 35

'Pins and needles'

Question 36

Which metabolism is impaired in thiamine deficiency?

Answer 36

Carbohydrate metabolism

Question 37

What accumulates in tissues during thiamine deficiency?

Answer 37

Pyruvate

Question 38

Is plasma pyruvate elevated in thiamine deficiency?

Answer 38

Yes

Question 39

What is excreted in urine due to thiamine deficiency?

Answer 39

Pyruvate

Question 40

Does pyruvate normally enter the brain?

Answer 40

No

Question 41

What changes in thiamine deficiency allow pyruvate into the brain?

Answer 41

Altered blood-brain barrier

Question 42

What condition may result from pyruvate accumulation in brain?

Answer 42

Polyneuritis

Question 43

What function of TPP is lost in thiamine deficiency affecting nerves?

Answer 43

Transmission of nerve impulse

Question 44

What happens to transketolase activity in thiamine deficiency?

Answer 44

Decreased

Question 45

What test helps assess thiamine deficiency?

Answer 45

RBC transketolase activity test

Question 46

Name the two types of adult beri-beri.

Answer 46

Wet beri-beri

Question 47

Which beri-beri is associated with edema?

Answer 47

Wet beri-beri

Question 48

Which beri-beri affects the heart?

Answer 48

Wet beri-beri

Question 49

What are the symptoms of wet beri-beri?

Answer 49

Edema

Question 50

Which beri-beri involves neurological symptoms?

Answer 50

Dry beri-beri

Question 51

What happens to muscles in dry beri-beri?

Answer 51

Progressive weakness

Question 52

What type of beri-beri involves mixed symptoms?

Answer 52

Mixed beri-beri

Question 53

What is the cause of infantile beri-beri?

Answer 53

Thiamine-deficient mothers

Question 54

What is a symptom of infantile beri-beri?

Answer 54

Sleeplessness

Question 55

What condition may cause sudden death in infantile beri-beri?

Answer 55

Cardiac failure

Question 56

Which syndrome is common in chronic alcoholics with thiamine deficiency?

Answer 56

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

Question 57

What are symptoms of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?

Answer 57

Memory loss

Question 58

Which enzyme in seafoods destroys thiamine?

Answer 58

Thiaminase

Question 59

What does thiaminase do to thiamine?

Answer 59

Splits pyrimidine and thiazole rings

Question 60

What compound in ferns is a thiamine antimetabolite?

Answer 60

Pyrithiamine

Question 61

Which animals are affected by fern poisoning?

Answer 61

Horses and cattle

Question 62

Name two thiamine antagonists.

Answer 62

Pyrithiamine