Vitamin Deficiencies

Question 1

What is the daily caloric requirement of an infant?

Answer 1

120-150kcal/kg/day

Question 2

What is the caloric requirement of a one year old child?

Answer 2

1000kcal/kg/day plus 100kcal per day

Question 3

What is the caloric requirement of a 4 year old?

Answer 3

1000kcal plus 400kcal per day

Question 4

What is the nutritional requirement of carbohydrates?

Answer 4

Body needs 50-60% of carbohydrates by two years of age

Question 5

What is the nutritional requirement of fat?

Answer 5

30% of an infant caloric intake should be fat

Question 6

What is the protein requirement of an infant?

Answer 6

3-4GM/kg/day

Question 7

What is the other name for micronutrients?

Answer 7

Trace elements

Question 8

List the trace elements needed by the body?

Answer 8

•iron
•zinc
•copper
•selenium
•manganese
•chromium
•cobalt
•fluoride
•iodine

Question 9

List the major minerals needed by the body.

Answer 9

•Calcium
•Phosphorus
•Magnesium
•Sodium
•Chloride
•Potassium

Question 10

List the fat soluble vitamins

Answer 10

Vitamin A,D,E,K

Question 11

List the water soluble vitamins

Answer 11

Vitamin B and C

Question 12

What are the functions of Vitamin A?

Answer 12

•Role in vision
•protein synthesis of epithelial cells in lungs and kidneys

Question 13

What is the dietary source of Vitamin A?

Answer 13

Dairy products,Eggs,Liver,Meat,Fish, Green Vegetables,Carrots

Question 14

List the clinical features of Vitamin A Deficiences

Answer 14

•Night Blindness
•Xerosis
•Xeropthalmia
•Keratomalacia
•Ulceration
•perforation of cornea
•blindness
•growth delay

Question 15

What is xerosis?

Answer 15

Drying of the cornea.

Question 16

What are the investigations for Vitamin A Deficiences?

Answer 16

Serum Retinol Levels

Question 17

What are the treatments for Vitamin A Deficiences?

Answer 17

0-6 months : 50 000 I.U
7 months : 100 000 I.U

Question 18

What are the functions of Vitamin D?

Answer 18

•intestinal absorption of calcium
•renal absorption of calcium
•mobilization of calcium and phosphate from bone
•ultraviolet radiation of dehydrocholesterol in the skin

Question 19

To which organ is Vitamin D transported to?

Answer 19

The liver

Question 20

What is the dietary source of Vitamin D?

Answer 20

Fortified Milk,Eggs,Fish,Sun

Question 21

List Vitamin D deficiencies

Answer 21

•low dietary intake
•fat malabsorption
•kidney disease

Question 22

List the clinical features of Vitamin D deficiencies.

Answer 22

•rickets
•bowed legs
•kyphoscoliosis
•rachitic rosary
•osteomalacia

Question 23

What are the investigations of vitamin D deficiencies?

Answer 23

•low calcium,low phosphate
•high alkaline phosphate
•x rays

Question 24

What is the treatment for Vitamin D deficiencies?

Answer 24

1600- 5000I.U daily for rickets

Question 25

What is the function of Vitamin E?

Answer 25

Stabilizes cell membranes

Question 26

What is the dietary source of Vitamin E?

Answer 26

Vegetables,Oil,Cereals,Dairy products,Eggs

Question 27

What are the complications of Vitamin A deficiency?

Answer 27

•premature birth •liver and pancreatic illnesses •haemolytic anaemia •loss of coordination and body weakness. •retinal degeneration

Question 28

What are the investigations of vitamin E deficiency?

Answer 28

Low levels of vitamin E in the blood.

Question 29

How do you treat Vitamin E deficiency?

Answer 29

150 I.U/kglDay

Question 30

What is the function of Vitamin K?

Answer 30

Normal blood coagulation especially factors 2,8,9,10.

Question 31

What is the food source of Vitamin K?

Answer 31

Vegetables and Fruits

Question 32

What are the complications of Vitamin K deficiencies?

Answer 32

•Bleeding in the newborn •easy bruising