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PHA Vitamins > Vitamin E, K > Flashcards

Vitamin E, K Flashcards

1
Q

Vitamin E chemical name

A

Tocopherol

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2
Q

Etymology of tocopherol

A

Greek words
“Toco” - child birth
“Pherin” - to carry or bear

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3
Q

Vit E is an anti-aging factor. True or false?

A

True

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4
Q

Physical properties of Vit E

A

It is a yellow oily liquid freely soluble in fat solvent

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5
Q

Forms of Vit E

A

Alpha, beta, gamma and lambda forms have been identified from its natural sources

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6
Q

Vit E food sources

A 
Palm oil
Sunflower
Corn
Soybean
Olive
Nuts
Sunflower seeds
Whole grain 
Leafy greens
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7
Q

Recommended Vit E daily intake in men and women

A

15mg in both

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8
Q

Functions of Vit E

A
  • As an antioxidant, scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen
  • Prevents peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in cell membranes
  • Preventing oxidation of LDL
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9
Q

Effects of Vit E in peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in cell membranes

A
  • Protecting cell membranes
  • Preventing oxidation of low density lipoproteins
  • Protecting erythrocyte membrane and prevention of RBCs haemolysis
  • Enhances vasodilatation and inhibits platelet aggregation
  • Protective effect on reproduction and prevention of sterility.
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10
Q

How does Vit E prevention of LDL (low density lipoprotein) oxidation affect the heart?

A

Oxidized LDL may be more atherogenic (tending to promote formation of fatty deposits in the arteries) than native LDL and thus vitamin E may protect against athreomatous coronary heart disease.

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11
Q

Vitamin E deficiency symptoms in reproduction

A

Abortion of fetus in females & atrophy of spermatogenic structure in males leading to permanent sterility.

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12
Q

Vitamin E deficiency symptoms in heart and circulatory system

A

Heart - necrosis & fibrosis of heart muscle.

Blood capillaries – may lead to degenerative changes in the blood capillaries

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13
Q

Vitamin E deficiency symptoms in vision

A

Ocular changes such as opthalmoplegia (paralysis of eye muscles) and pigmented retinopathy has been reported

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14
Q

Which drugs reduce plasma levels of Vit E?

A

Anticonvulsants like phenobarbital, phenytoin, or carbamazepine

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15
Q

Which drugs may decrease the absorption of vitamin E?

A

Drugs like:

  • cholestyramine
  • colestipol
  • isoniazid
  • orlistat
  • sucralfate
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16
Q

Chemical name of Vitamin K

A

Phylloquinone

17
Q

Which vitamin is known as the anti–haemorrhagic vitamin?

A

Vit K

18
Q

Vit K is essential for…

A

… production of active forms of prothrombin & other factors involved in blood clotting mechanism.

19
Q

Vit K is absorbed in ___ and stored in ___.

A

…the intestine, the liver and adipose tissues.

20
Q

Food sources of Vit K

A
  • Milk
  • Meat
  • Fish
  • Spinach
  • Cabbage
  • Cauliflower
  • Soya bean
  • Wheat germ
  • Carrots
  • Potatoes
  • Tomatoes
21
Q

Recommended dietary intake of Vit K in men and women

A

90 – 140 µg

22
Q

Recommended dietary intake of Vit K in children

A

35 – 75 µg

23
Q

Physiological functions of Vit K

A
  • Essential for the hepatic activation of coagulation factors; II, V, VII, IX, X.
  • Serves as an essential cofactor in carboxylation of glutamic acid residues in vit K dependent proteins
24
Q

Vit K is essential for the hepatic activation of which coagulation factors?

A

II, V, VII, IX, X.

25
Q

Effect of Vit K in the carboxylation of glutamic acid residues in vit K dependent proteins

A

It enables their binding to calcium ions, which allows them to play their role in blood clotting

26
Q

What can lead to Vit K deficiency?

A
  • Malabsorption
  • Antibacterial therapy
  • Obstructive jaundice
  • Surgical operations like cholecystectomy (g
    all bladder removal)
27
Q

Effects of Vit K deficiency

A
  • Increased clotting time
  • Prolonged bleeding
  • Haemorhaghic conditions
28
Q

Vit K deficiency symptoms

A
  • Bruising from bleeding into the skin
  • Nose bleeds
  • Bleeding gums
  • Bleeding in stomach
  • Blood in stool
  • Extremely heavy menstrual bleeding
  • Intracranial bleeding
  • Hypoprothrombinaemia
  • Haemorrhagic disease of newborn
29
Q

When is Vit K administered intramuscularly?

A
  • In case of fat malabsorption or risk of excessive bleeding, Vit K can be given intramuscularly.
  • Newborns are usually given Vit k intramuscularly to prevent intracranial bleeding after delivery
30
Q

Vit K can be given orally. True or false?

A

True

31
Q

In case of associated liver disorder, vit K is insufficient. What is the solution?

A

Blood transfusion

PHA Vitamins (5 decks)

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