Flashcards in Vitamins Deck (23)
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1
Water Soluble Vitamins
Bs and C
2
Fat Soluble Vitamins
ADEK
3
Vitamin B1 (VMGR)
Thiamin phosphorylated to thiamin pyrophosphate that carries aldehydes on thiazolium ring
4
FAD (VMGR)
Riboflavin (B2) w/ ribitol-ADP added, transfers 2e- and 2H+ on isoalloxazine ring
5
FMN (VMGR)
Riboflavin (B2) w/ phospho-ribitol added, carries 2e- and 2H+ on isoalloxazine ring
6
NAD+ (VMsGR)
Niacin (B3) w/ carboxylate converted to amide and ADP-ribose added, carries 2e- and 1H+ on nictonamide ring
7
NADP+ (VMGR)
NAD (from Niacin B3) w/ 2' hydroxyl of ribose of ADP phosphorylated, carries 2e- and 1H+
8
Difference in NADH/NADPH functions
NADPH coenzyme mainly used for reductive biosynthesis
NADH mainly used for breaking down food to generate ATP
9
Vitamin B5 (VMsGR)
Panthothenate modified w/ ADP and mercaptoish group to form COENZYME A and carries acyl groups on thiol
10
Pyridoxal Phosphate (3)
Derived from B6 (Pyridoxine) and exchanges Lys w/ AAs, important for AA metabolism
11
Folate (4)
Vitamin B9, modified to Dihydrofolate and Tetrahydrofolate (DHF and THF) to carry 1C units on pteridine N5 and/or N10
12
Biotin (3)
Vitamin B7, has lysine attached as prosthetic group to carry CO2 for CO2 transfer
13
Lipoic Acid
Has lysine prosthetic group to carry acetyls and 2e-
14
Cobalamine (4)
Vitamin B12, Has corrin ring that keylates a cobalt and transfers methyl groups
15
Vitamin C (3)
Can be reduced or oxidized, acts as 2e- donor for collagen biosynthesis
16
Vitamin K (3)
Quinone w/ 2 forms based on side chain that acts as 2e- donor for blood coagulation
17
Vitamin E (2)
Tocopherol that acts as free radical scavenger in vicinity of lipid membrane oxidation
18
Vitamin A
Beta-carotene (tetraterpene) modified into retinal and retinoic acid
19
Retinoic Acid Function
Binds nuclear hormone receptors to control gene expression of keratin in most epithelial tissues
20
Vitamin D (2)
Can make from cholesterol, better to UV stuff into cholecalciferol and calitriol (active)
21
Nucleic Acid Digested Products (2)
do NOT use for energy, do use as a source of phosphate
22
Coronary Heart Disease (3)
Trans and saturated fats increase risk, omega-6 FAs reduce
23
