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Flashcards in Vitamins Deck (23)
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1
Q

Water Soluble Vitamins

A

Bs and C

2
Q

Fat Soluble Vitamins

A

ADEK

3
Q

Vitamin B1 (VMGR)

A

Thiamin phosphorylated to thiamin pyrophosphate that carries aldehydes on thiazolium ring

4
Q

FAD (VMGR)

A

Riboflavin (B2) w/ ribitol-ADP added, transfers 2e- and 2H+ on isoalloxazine ring

5
Q

FMN (VMGR)

A

Riboflavin (B2) w/ phospho-ribitol added, carries 2e- and 2H+ on isoalloxazine ring

6
Q

NAD+ (VMsGR)

A

Niacin (B3) w/ carboxylate converted to amide and ADP-ribose added, carries 2e- and 1H+ on nictonamide ring

7
Q

NADP+ (VMGR)

A

NAD (from Niacin B3) w/ 2’ hydroxyl of ribose of ADP phosphorylated, carries 2e- and 1H+

8
Q

Difference in NADH/NADPH functions

A

NADPH coenzyme mainly used for reductive biosynthesis

NADH mainly used for breaking down food to generate ATP

9
Q

Vitamin B5 (VMsGR)

A

Panthothenate modified w/ ADP and mercaptoish group to form COENZYME A and carries acyl groups on thiol

10
Q

Pyridoxal Phosphate (3)

A

Derived from B6 (Pyridoxine) and exchanges Lys w/ AAs, important for AA metabolism

11
Q

Folate (4)

A

Vitamin B9, modified to Dihydrofolate and Tetrahydrofolate (DHF and THF) to carry 1C units on pteridine N5 and/or N10

12
Q

Biotin (3)

A

Vitamin B7, has lysine attached as prosthetic group to carry CO2 for CO2 transfer

13
Q

Lipoic Acid

A

Has lysine prosthetic group to carry acetyls and 2e-

14
Q

Cobalamine (4)

A

Vitamin B12, Has corrin ring that keylates a cobalt and transfers methyl groups

15
Q

Vitamin C (3)

A

Can be reduced or oxidized, acts as 2e- donor for collagen biosynthesis

16
Q

Vitamin K (3)

A

Quinone w/ 2 forms based on side chain that acts as 2e- donor for blood coagulation

17
Q

Vitamin E (2)

A

Tocopherol that acts as free radical scavenger in vicinity of lipid membrane oxidation

18
Q

Vitamin A

A

Beta-carotene (tetraterpene) modified into retinal and retinoic acid

19
Q

Retinoic Acid Function

A

Binds nuclear hormone receptors to control gene expression of keratin in most epithelial tissues

20
Q

Vitamin D (2)

A

Can make from cholesterol, better to UV stuff into cholecalciferol and calitriol (active)

21
Q

Nucleic Acid Digested Products (2)

A

do NOT use for energy, do use as a source of phosphate

22
Q

Coronary Heart Disease (3)

A

Trans and saturated fats increase risk, omega-6 FAs reduce

23
Q

LDL vs. HDL

A

LDL is awful, HDL is great for you