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Animal Nutrition 1st Long Exam > Vitamins > Flashcards

Vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

Give at least 3 importance of vitamins

A
  1. An organic nutrient
  2. Required in extremely small quantities in the diet
  3. Essential for normal metabolism
  4. When def or not present in adequate quantity, def symptom may develop
  5. Can’t normally be synthesized in animal’s body
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2
Q

Give 3 Vitamins that can be synthesize by the body

A
  1. Vit D – synthesized by animals exposed to
    sunlight
  2. Niacin – can be synthesized in some animals from a.a. tryptophan
  3. Vit C – can be synthesized by most animals
    except primates
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3
Q

What can happen in Vit C deficiency?

A

weakened immune system
formation of sores in gums

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4
Q

4 Fat Soluble vitamins

A

A, D, E, K

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5
Q

2 Water soluble vits

A

B & C

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6
Q

Inactivated form of Vit D. where would it go after being absorbed by the skin?

A

25-hydroxycholecalciferol
liver

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7
Q

activated form of Vit D.
Where would it go after being processed by the liver?

A

1-25-dihydroxycholecalciferol
kidneys

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8
Q

True or False:
1. fat soluble vits are poorly excreted
2. All types of water soluble vits are readily excreted in urine

A
  1. true
  2. false, vit b12 is not readily excreted in the urine
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9
Q
  • are organic substances needed in much smaller amounts, compared to CHO, fats and CHONS
  • being organic substances, they contain C, H and O
A

Vitamins

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10
Q

All B Vits contain nitrogen, except:

A

Inositol

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11
Q

___ and ____ contain sulfur while ___ has cobalt

A
  1. thiamine
  2. biotin
  3. cobalamin
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12
Q

3 examples of vit A and its function

A

retinol, retinal, retinoic acid
to improve eye sight

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13
Q

What is the chemical name for Vit D and what is its function?

A

cholecalciferol
calcium absorption for bone formation

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14
Q

chemical name for vit E and its function

A

tocopherol
helps to maintain fur, skin, and for fertility

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15
Q

examples of vit K and its function

A

phylloquinone, menaquinone
for blood clotting

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16
Q

give the 12 water soluble vitamins

A

B1, B2, B6, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, B12, Biotin, Folic Acid, choline, inositol, para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), Vit c

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17
Q

what is vit B1

A

thiamine

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18
Q

what is vit b2

A

riboflavin

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19
Q

what is vit b6 (3)

A

pyridoxine, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine

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20
Q

what is niacin (3)

A

nicotinamide, nicotinic acid, niacinamide

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21
Q

what is vit b12

A

cobalamine

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22
Q

what is folic acid (2)

A

folacin, pteroylmonoglutamic acid

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23
Q

what is vit c

A

ascorbic acid

24
Q
  • transmits light stimuli from the retina to the brain
  • def. is characterized by night blindness or reduced ability to see in dim light
A

Vit A (retinol)

25
Q

Excessive def. of vit a results to development of _____ (dry eyes) and _____

A

xerophthalmia and conjunctivitis

26
Q

Deficiency of this vit causes retained placenta, birth of blind and uncoordinated neonates

A

Vit A

27
Q
  • anti- rachitic vitamins (to prevent bone deformities)
  • functions are associated with Ca and P
A

Vitamin D

28
Q

Vit D with animal origin

A

vit d3, CHOLEcalciferol

29
Q

vit d with plant origin

A

vit d2, ERGOcalciferol

30
Q
  • commonly known as anti – sterility vitamin.
  • a natural antioxidant
  • function as a metabolic regulator of the cell nucleus
  • related to Se in preventing muscular dystrophy
A

Vit E (tocopherol)

31
Q
  • def. can lead to reproductive problem
  • excellent sources are cereal grains and prepared hays
A

Vit E tocopherol

32
Q
  • anti – hemorrhagic vitamin (1)
  • required in blood clotting through
    ______ formation
  • can be synthesized in the intestines
    and is seldom deficient in livestock
A

Vit K phylloquinone
prothrombin

33
Q

def. results to prolonged blood
clotting, and in severe cases,
hemorrhage
- green forages and well cured hays
has ample amount of this vitamin

A

vit k phylloquinone

34
Q
  • an anti – neuritic vitamin
  • functions as co – enzyme in energy metabolism
  • excellent sources are cereal grains
  • rice bran is being used as raw material for thiamine preparation (tiki – tiki)
A

Vit b1 thiamine

35
Q
  • deficient animals exhibit general weakness and low appetite – poor growth (1)
  • def. in human leads to development of _____
A

vit b1 thiamine
beri-beri

36
Q
  • functions in several enzyme systems related to protein and energy metabolism
  • found in milk and milk products, green forages and hay
A

vit b2 riboflavin

37
Q
  • def. results to dermatitis and slow growth
A

vit b2 riboflavin

38
Q
  • plays an impt role in enzyme systems
    related to CHO, CHON and fat
    metabolism
  • cereal grains relatively do not contain this
A

Niacin (Nicotinamide, Niacinamide)

39
Q
  • def. results to dermatitis and retarded
    growth (1)
  • ____ (black tongue disease) is
    attributed to this deficiency in poultry
A

Niacin (Nicotinamide, Niacinamide)
pellagra

40
Q
  • is impt as a coenzyme in amino acid and fatty acid metabolism
  • feeds of vegetable origin contain ample amounts of this vit
A

vit b6 pyridoxine

41
Q

def. includes poor growth, anemia and convulsion

A

Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)

42
Q
  • a component of coenzyme A needed in various activation reactions in the metabolism of nutrients
  • widely distributed in various feeds
A

Pantothenic acid

43
Q

“goose – stepping” gait in pigs indicated deficiency

A

Pantothenic acid

44
Q
  • is involved in carboxylation reactions and fatty acid synthesis (1)
  • normally synthesized in the intestines
  • ____ substance found in egg white produces
    this deficiency
A

biotin
avidin

45
Q

def. is characterized by dermatitis and weight loss. the body won’t be able to use fats as energy source if deficient in this.

A

biotin

46
Q
  • is involved in DNA synthesis, particularly in the biosynthesis in _____ (1&2)
  • is involved in the transfer of single carbon units in various biochemical reactions
  • common sources are cereals, milk and yeast
A

Folic acid (Folacin, Pteroylmonoglutamic acid)
purines

47
Q
  • prolonged administration of sulfa drugs causes def. of this vitamin
  • def. results to anemia and growth retardation, in poultry – poor egg prod’n and hatchability
A

Folic acid (Folacin, Pteroylmonoglutamic acid)

48
Q
  • impt in transmethylation reactions and in fat
    metabolism in the liver
  • its derivative, acetylcholine, is involved in the
    transmission of nerve impulses
  • common sources are yeast, liver and cereals
A

choline

49
Q
  • def. results to poor growth and fatty infiltration in the liver (1)
  • _____ (slipped tendon) in chicks is attributed to this vit def.
  • surplus of this vit have methionine sparing effect
A

choline
perosis

50
Q
  • functions as a coenzyme in various biochemical reactions (propionic acid metabolism and red blood cell maturation)
  • sources are feeds of animal origin, such as meat meal and fish meal
A

Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin, Cyanocobalamin)

51
Q
  • def. will lead to pernicious anemia
  • since cobalt is a component of this vit, def of this mineral also results to this vit def.
A

Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin, Cyanocobalamin)

52
Q
  • is essential for growth of some microorganisms responsible for synthesis of other vitamins in the rumen
A

Para – aminobenzoic acid

53
Q
  • popularly known as anti – stress vitamin
  • impt in form’n and maintenance of collagenous intercellular material (1)
  • also has involvement in and in _____ hydroxylation of praline and lysine
A

Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid)
Hematopoiesis

54
Q

true or false:
Vit A does not occur in plant
products rather as carotenoids or pro
Vit A (beta carotene)

A

true

55
Q
A

Animal Nutrition 1st Long Exam (3 decks)

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