Vitamins

Question 1

cannot be stored in human tissues, their excess is excreted with urine

Answer 1

Water soluble vitamins

Question 2

can be stored in adipose tissue and the liver

Answer 2

Fat soluble vitamins

Question 3

Synthetic vitamins are ________ to natural vitamins

Answer 3

identical

Question 4

Vitamins functions

Answer 4

• Build up the resistance of the body against diseases
• Prevent and cure various diseases caused by deficiency
• Help the digestion and utilization of mineral salts and carbohydrates in the body
• Stimulate and give strength to digestive and nervous system
• Help health protection
• Help maintenance of proper health and normal growth.

Question 5

without vitamins

Answer 5

Avitaminosis

Question 6

condition caused by excessive ingestion of one or more vitamins

Answer 6

Hypervitaminosis

Question 7

concentrated forms of vitamins, may be in tablet or liquid form

Answer 7

Vitamin supplements

Question 8

substances that cause another substance to react

Answer 8

Catalysts

Question 9

active parts of an enzyme

Answer 9

Coenzymes

Question 10

something that comes before something else, in vitamins it is also called a provitamin, something from which a body can synthesize the specific vitamin

Answer 10

Precursor

Question 11

plant pigments, some of which yield vitamin A

Answer 11

Carotenoids

Question 12

Fat soluble vitamins
list them

Answer 12

1. Vitamin A
2. Vitamin D
3. Vitamin E
4. Vitamin K

Question 13

Water soluble vitamins
list them

Answer 13

1. Vitamin B complex (B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, B12) 2. VitaminC

Question 14

a group of unsaturated nutritional organic compounds that includes retinol, retinal, retinoic acid and several provitamin A carotenoids, among which Beta- carotene is the most important

Answer 14

Vitamin A

Question 15

Vitamin A active form is present only in ________ tissue

Answer 15

animal

Question 16

Daily requirements for Vitamin A
Men and women

Answer 16

600 mcg

Question 17

Daily requirements for Vitamin A
Pregnancy and lactation

Answer 17

950 mcg

Question 18

Daily requirements for Vitamin A
Infants

Answer 18

350 mcg

Question 19

Daily requirements for Vitamin A
Children

Answer 19

600 mcg

Question 20

Sources of Vitamin A

Answer 20

-carrots
-papaya
-squash
-apricots
-meat
-broccoli
-peaches
-melon
-fish
-mangoes
-avocado
-peppers
-eggs and cheese

Question 21

Vitamin A functions

Answer 21

• Vision
• Gene transcription
• Immune function
• Embryonic development and reproduction
• Bone metabolism
• Hematopoiesis (production of blood cells and platelets) * Skin and cellular health
• Antioxidant activity

Question 22

Signs of a deficiency of vitamin A include

Answer 22

night blindness; dry,
rough skin; and increased susceptibility to infections

Question 23

Lack of vitamin A is the leading cause of _____________ in the world

Answer 23

blindness

Question 24

responsible for enhancing intestinal absorption of calcium,
iron, magnesium, phosphate and zinc. It is also called SUNSHINE VITAMIN

Answer 24

Vitamin D

Question 25

Vitamin is available in 2 forms

Answer 25

* Cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) * Calciferol – D2

Question 26

Daily requirement of Vitamin D Men and women

Answer 26

0.01 mg

Question 27

Daily requirement of Vitamin D Pregnancy and lactation

Answer 27

0.01 mg

Question 28

Daily requirement of Vitamin D Infants and children

Answer 28

0.01 mg

Question 29

Sources of vitamin D

Answer 29

-cheese -margarine -butter -fortified milk -healthy cereals -fatty fish

Question 30

functions of vitamin D

Answer 30

* Calcium balance * Cell differentiation * Immunity * Blood pressure regulation * Development of bones and teeth

Question 31

The deficiency of vitamin D inhibits the ___________ of calcium and phosphorus in the small intestine and results in poor _____ and _______ formation

Answer 31

1. absorption 2. bone 3. teeth

Question 32

Young children suffering vitamin D deficiency may develop

Answer 32

rickets

Question 33

A deficiency of vitamin D contributes to

Answer 33

osteoporosis

Question 34

Adults lacking sufficient vitamin D may develop

Answer 34

osteomalacia

Question 35

refers to a group of compounds that include both tocopherols and tocotrienols. They are naturally occurring anti- oxidant It is also called anti-aging factor

Answer 35

Vitamin E

Question 36

Daily recommended dose of vitamin E Men

Answer 36

8-10 mg

Question 37

Daily recommended dose of vitamin E Women

Answer 37

5-8 mg

Question 38

Daily recommended dose of vitamin E Children

Answer 38

8.3 mg

Question 39

Daily recommended dose of vitamin E 4-5 mg

Answer 39

Infants

Question 40

Sources for vitamin E

Answer 40

-broccoli -vegetable oil -brussel sprouts -butternut squash -spinach -red pepper -salmon -avocado -dried apricots -peanut -sunflower seeds -olives -almonds -eggs -sea buckthorn

Question 41

functions of vitamin E

Answer 41

* Antioxidant (most powerful natural) * Free radical scavenger * Protects cell membrance * Protects LDL from oxidation * Protection of double bonds in polyunsaturated fatty acids * Prevention of rancidity * Works in conjunction with selenium * Vitamin E also plays a role in neurological functions, and inhibition of platelet aggregation * Vitamin E also protects lipids and prevents the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids

Question 42

refers to a group of structurally similar, fat soluble vitamins the human body needs for complete synthesis of certain proteins that the body uses to manipulate binding of calcium in bone and other tissues

Answer 42

Vitamin K

Question 43

Vitamin K is essential for production of a type of protein called ____________ & other factor involve in blood __________ mechanism. Hence it is known as _____-____________ vitamin

Answer 43

1. prothrombin 2. clotting 3. anti-hemorrhagic

Question 44

Vitamin K Includes two natural vitamers

Answer 44

* VitaminK1(phylloquinone) * VitaminK2(menaquinones)

Question 45

Dietary requirement for vitamin K Men and women

Answer 45

70-140 mcg

Question 46

Dietary requirement for vitamin K Children

Answer 46

35-75 mcg

Question 47

Sources of vitamin K

Answer 47

-parsley -broccoli -basil -kiwi -pomegranate -watercress -green onions -leaf lettuce -avocado -spinach -cauliflower -cucumber -prunes -walnuts -cabbage

Question 48

functions of vitamin K

Answer 48

It is essential for the hepatic synthesis of coagulaton factor II, V, VII, IX, X

Question 49

it prevents hemorrhage only in cases when there is defective production of prothrombin

Answer 49

Clotting

Question 50

it acts as a co-factor in oxidative phosphorylation associated with lipid

Answer 50

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Question 51

The only major sign of a deficiency of vitamin K is

Answer 51

defective blood coagulation

Question 52

water or fat soluble Ascorbic acid

Answer 52

water

Question 53

water or fat soluble thiamine

Answer 53

water

Question 54

water or fat soluble riboflavin

Answer 54

water

Question 55

water or fat soluble niacin

Answer 55

water

Question 56

water or fat soluble biotin

Answer 56

water

Question 57

water or fat soluble pantothenic acid

Answer 57

water

Question 58

water or fat soluble folic acid

Answer 58

water

Question 59

water or fat soluble pyridoxine

Answer 59

water

Question 60

water or fat soluble pyridoxal

Answer 60

water

Question 61

water or fat soluble pyridoxamine

Answer 61

water

Question 62

water or fat soluble retinol

Answer 62

fat

Question 63

water or fat soluble cholecalciferol

Answer 63

fat

Question 64

water or fat soluble phylloquinones

Answer 64

fat

Question 65

water or fat soluble menaquinones

Answer 65

fat

Question 66

water or fat soluble tocopherols

Answer 66

fat