Vitamins and minerals

Question 1

sources of calcium

Answer 1

milk, cheese, yogurt

Question 2

deficiency of calcium

Answer 2

weak bones

Question 3

excess of calcium

Answer 3

rare, stops kidneys form working

Question 4

purpose of calcium

Answer 4

strong bones and teeth

Question 5

sources of iron

Answer 5

beef, spinach, chocolate

Question 6

purpose of iron

Answer 6

makes hemoglobin in red blood cells

Question 7

excess of iron

Answer 7

constipation, stomach pain

Question 8

deficiency of iron

Answer 8

anemia

Question 9

sources of sodium

Answer 9

salt, salty foods

Question 10

purpose of sodium

Answer 10

balances fluids, helps nerve and muscle function

Question 11

deficiency of sodium

Answer 11

hyponatremia

Question 12

excess of sodium

Answer 12

increase in blood pressure

Question 13

sources of flouride

Answer 13

toothpaste, coffee, water

Question 14

purpose of flouride

Answer 14

strengthens enamel in the teeth

Question 15

excess of flouride

Answer 15

discolored teeth, fluorosis

Question 16

deficiency of flouride

Answer 16

tooth decay

Question 17

sources of iodine

Answer 17

seafood, milk, cheese

Question 18

purpose of iodine

Answer 18

makes thyroid hormones, regulates metabolism

Question 19

excess of iodine

Answer 19

fatigue

Question 20

deficiency of iodine

Answer 20

goiter (neck swelling)

Question 21

sources of phosphorous

Answer 21

crisps, nuts, curry

Question 22

purpose of phosphorous

Answer 22

strong bones and teeth, releases energy from food,

Question 23

excess of phosphorous

Answer 23

rare, reduces the amount of calcium in the body

Question 24

deficiency of phosphorous

Answer 24

hypophosphatemia, bone pain and disease,

Question 25

WS vitamin B1 (thiamine) sources

Answer 25

meat, milk, cheese, eggs

Question 26

WS vitamin B1 (thiamine) purpose

Answer 26

enables energy to be released from carbohydrate in in body cells during respiration

Question 27

WS vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency

Answer 27

beriberi, damaged nerves and muscles, poor memory and concentration

Question 28

WS vitamin B2 (riboflavin) sources

Answer 28

milk, eggs, rice

Question 29

WS vitamin B2 (riboflavin) purpose

Answer 29

enables energy to be released from carbohydrate, fat and protein in body cells during respiration, maintains healthy skin

Question 30

WS vitamin B2 (riboflavin) deficiency

Answer 30

sores at the corners of the mouth

Question 31

why cant you have an excess in water soluble (WS) vitamins

Answer 31

they are quickly passed into the urine and not stored in the body. this means that they have to be replaced a lot.

Question 32

WS vitamin B3 (niacin) sources

Answer 32

beef, pork, flour, eggs

Question 33

WS vitamin B3 (niacin) purpose

Answer 33

enables energy to be released from food in body cells during respiration

Question 34

WS vitamin B3 (niacin) deficiency

Answer 34

pellagra, diarrhea, dementia

Question 35

WS vitamin B9 (folate) sources

Answer 35

green leafy veg, peas, fruits

Question 36

WS vitamin B9 (folate) purpose

Answer 36

works with B12 to make healthy red blood cells, reduces the risk of developing central nervous system defects

Question 37

WS vitamin B9 (folate) deficiency

Answer 37

megaloblastic anemia (red blood cells enlarge), defects in the spinal cord

Question 38

WS vitamin B12 (cobalamin) sources

Answer 38

liver, meat, fish

Question 39

WS vitamin B12 (cobalamin) purpose

Answer 39

works with B9 to make healthy red blood cells, keeps nerve cells healthy,

Question 40

WS vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency

Answer 40

pernicious anemia, vegans can be easily deficient, can be stored in the liver for 2+ years

Question 41

WS vitamin C (ascorbic acid) sources

Answer 41

oranges, lemons, limes, milk

Question 42

WS vitamin C (ascorbic acid) purpose

Answer 42

absorbs mineral ions in small intestine maintains connective tissue binding body cells together, antioxidant

Question 43

WS vitamin C (ascorbic acid) deficiency

Answer 43

scurvy, iron isn't absorbs, wounds don't heal, can be stored for a few months

Question 44

water soluble vitamins

Answer 44

B1, B2, B3, B9, B12, C

Question 45

fat soluble vitamins

Answer 45

A, D, E, K

Question 46

FS vitamin A (retinol/beta carotene) sources

Answer 46

retinol: milk cheese butter, beta carotene: spinach, kale, lettuce

Question 47

FS vitamin A (retinol/beta carotene) purpose

Answer 47

- healthy skin - see in the dark - children grow - produces mucus - antioxidant

Question 48

FS vitamin A (retinol/beta carotene) deficiency

Answer 48

- not growing properly - dry and infected skin and mucus - night blindness/total blindness

Question 49

FS vitamin A (retinol/beta carotene) excess

Answer 49

- poisonous - damage development of unborn baby

Question 50

FS vitamin D (cholecalciferol) sources

Answer 50

sunlight, oily fish, meat

Question 51

FS vitamin D (cholecalciferol) purpose

Answer 51

- absorption of calcium from small intestine - helps calcium be deposited into bones and teeth

Question 52

FS vitamin D (cholecalciferol) deficiency

Answer 52

- rickets (children) - osteomalacia (adults) (weak bones)

Question 53

FS vitamin D (cholecalciferol) excess

Answer 53

- too much calcium absorption so kidney damage

Question 54

FS vitamin E (tocopherol) sources

Answer 54

soya, corn, oil, olive oil

Question 55

FS vitamin E (tocopherol) purpose

Answer 55

antioxidant

Question 56

FS vitamin E (tocopherol) deficiency or excess

Answer 56

rare

Question 57

FS vitamin K (phylloquinone) sources

Answer 57

cheese, green tea, liver

Question 58

FS vitamin K (phylloquinone) purpose

Answer 58

- enables blood to clot when injured so prevents loss of blood

Question 59

FS vitamin K (phylloquinone) deficiency

Answer 59

babies loss blood during birth so are given vitamin K when born

Question 60

FS vitamin K (phylloquinone) excess

Answer 60

rare