Vitamins and Nutrition

Question 1

deficiency of vitamin A causes what

Answer 1

bitot spots and night blindness

Question 2

excess vitamin a causes

Answer 2

pseudotumor cerebrii

Question 3

treatment for intracranial HTN is

Answer 3

acetozolamide

Question 4

what does vitamin k def cause

Answer 4

hemorrhage disease of the NB

Question 5

who ia vitamin k def mainly seen in

Answer 5

babies who breast feed and don’t receive at birth ( oral vitamin K will not do anything)

Question 6

how does vitamin k def present

Answer 6

bleeding umbilical stump

Question 7

who does late vitamin k def usually occur in

Answer 7

babies who are BF and has a course of abx

Question 8

how to treat vitamin k def

Answer 8

FFP + vitamin k

Question 9

which vitamin def presents with ataxia, slow reflexes, Neuro issues and hemolytic anemia and is typically associated with TPN

Answer 9

vitamin e

Question 10

what vitamin excess can cause hypercalcemia induced diuresis

Answer 10

vitamin d

Question 11

how to treat someone with excess vitamin d

Answer 11

fluids and furosemide

Question 12

vitamin D 25 is made where, 1, 25 is made where

Answer 12

liver, kidney

Question 13

if worried for GI issues/process in the setting of vitamin def what do you measure

Answer 13

vitamin D 25

Question 14

what are some PE presentations of rickets

Answer 14

widening of the wrist and ankle growth plates, tibial bowing, anorexia and rachitic rosary

Question 15

what causes familial hypophsphatemic ricks

Answer 15

lack of absorption of phosphorous at the proximal tubule and the inability for the kidney to cover D 25 to D 1,25

Question 16

treatment for hypophosphatemic rickets

Answer 16

phosphorous and vitamin D 1,25

Question 17

in what two conditions is calcium normal and phos is low

Answer 17

hypophosphatemic rickets and rickets

Question 18

when will you see both low calcium and phosphorous

Answer 18

severe vitamin d deficiency

Question 19

when is calcium low and phosphorous is high

Answer 19

hypoparathyroidism phos overload or pseudohyoparathyroidism ( PTH is high but there is resistance)

Question 20

what will present with both low calcium and phos

Answer 20

initial vitamin d depletion

Question 21

how to treat premature babies with vitamin d def

Answer 21

vit d+ calcium + phos

Question 22

how does liver dysfunction cause low vitamin d

Answer 22

decrease in bile salts so d 25 won’t be absorbed as well

Question 23

how does vitamin B1 thiamine def present

Answer 23

ataxia, high output heart failure ( wet beriberi) and delirium

Question 24

how does riboflavin B2 present

Answer 24

angulaire chelous, see derm and anemia

Question 25

what intervention in babies can cause low riboflavin

Answer 25

phototherapy

Question 26

how does niacin def present

Answer 26

pellagra ( dementia, diarrhea and dermatitis)

Question 27

what is a diet high in in a person with niacin deficiency

Answer 27

corn

Question 28

what disease is associated with niacin deficiency but deals with lack of neutral amino acid absorption like tryptophan and presents with pellagra like sis

Answer 28

hartnup disease

Question 29

pyridoxine def can be casued by what medication

Answer 29

isoniazid

Question 30

how does biotin def present

Answer 30

ataxia, alopecia and rash

Question 31

goat milk ingestion is associated with what vitamin def

Answer 31

folate

Question 32

where is intrisinc factor made

Answer 32

parietal cells in stomach

Question 33

where is vitamin b12 absorbed in the GUT

Answer 33

terminal ileum

Question 34

since b 12 is absorbed in the terminal ileum what conditions can cause its deficiency

Answer 34

bacterial overgrowth, short bowel or IBD

Question 35

what happens if you mask b12 def with folate

Answer 35

you can cause irreversible Neuro changes

Question 36

bone issues + bleeding gums makes you think

Answer 36

scurvy

Question 37

excess vitamin c can cause what

Answer 37

kidney stones and hemolytic anemia in G6PDD patients

Question 38

what vitamin dose BF help absorb

Answer 38

zinc

Question 39

how does zinc def present

Answer 39

extremely scaly erythematous rash in perioral and perianal regions - it can be associated with poor taste and alopecia

Question 40

patient with crohn's and diarrhea should make you think of what vitamin def

Answer 40

zinc

Question 41

what is the autosomal recessive condition that causes a defect in zinc transport causing alopecia, rash, FTT and diarrhea

Answer 41

acrodermatitis enteropathic

Question 42

copper deficiency causes what PE finding

Answer 42

kinky hair

Question 43

how to calculate energy requirements for kids

Answer 43

100 x 1st 10kg 50 x 2nd 10kg 25 x remaining KG

Question 44

kwashiorkor is caused by what deficiency

Answer 44

protein

Question 45

name two essential fatty acids that without will lead to alopecia, scaly rash and thrombocytopenia

Answer 45

linoleic acid and alpha linoleic acid