Vitamins-Fat Soluble

Question 1

What is a vitamin

Answer 1

An essential, non-caloric, organic nutrients needed in tiny amounts in the diet.

Question 2

Which vitamins are fat soluble?

Answer 2

A, D, E, K

Question 3

Which vitamins are water soluble?

Answer 3

B and C

Question 4

What does it mean for a vitamin to be fat soluble

Answer 4

• It dissolves in lipids (fat)
• Requires bile for absorption
• Are stored in tissues
• Potentially toxic

Question 5

Primary Function of Vitamin A

Answer 5

Vision (hormonal, and functional), Hormone-like

Question 6

Main sources of Vitamin A

Answer 6

Animal (eg liver)

Plant (carotenoids)

Question 7

What’s the major vitamin A deficiency result

Answer 7

Night Blindness

Xeropthalmia (eyes drying out)

Question 8

Is too much vitamin A toxic?

Answer 8

YES! Fetus malformations, Hair loss, Joint pain, etc.

Question 9

Are there any notable digestion/absorption issues with vitamin A?

Answer 9

Nope!

Question 10

Vitamin A Interesting metabolism

Answer 10

Beta-carotene conversion, and beta-carotene is not toxic!

Question 11

Who’s primarily affected by vitamin A problems?

Answer 11

Children in developing countries

Question 12

Where is vitamin A stored?

Answer 12

Liver

Question 13

What is a naturally occurring precursor of Vitamin A?

Answer 13

Beta-Carotene!

Advantageous because it’s not stored in the liver, so it’s not toxic if consumed in excess. Also has an inefficient conversion to active vitamin A.

Question 14

Primary functions of Vitamin D

Answer 14

Calcium regulation; Hormone like functions

Question 15

Main sources of vitamin D

Answer 15

Sunlight to activate cholesterol!

Fish, fortified foods, FEW foods.

Question 16

What’re the main symptoms of vitamin D deficiency

Answer 16

Ricketts, Osteomalacia

Question 17

Is vitamin D toxic?

Answer 17

Rarely

Question 18

Are there any notable digestion/absorption issues with Vitamin D

Answer 18

NONE

Question 19

What’s the interesting metabolism with Vitamin D?

Answer 19

Sunlight-cholesterol-liver-kidney mechanism

Question 20

What’s the current public health controversy with vitamin D

Answer 20

Allow some sun, but not too much for skin cancer, but then if we’re taking supplements how much of that?

Question 21

Where are the 3 main places vitamin D has it’s effect?

Answer 21

• Intestine (regulate calcium absorption)
• Bone (regulate amount breaking down and building up)
• Kidney (ability to be more or less efficient in reabsorbing calcium)

Question 22

What’s the primary function of Vitamin E?

Answer 22

Antioxidant

Question 23

What’s the main source of Vitamin E?

Answer 23

Plant oils/fats

Question 24

Are people ever vitamin E deficient?

Answer 24

No.

Question 25

Are people ever plagued with vitamin E toxicity?

Answer 25

No.

Question 26

Are there any notable digestion/absorption issues with Vitamin E?

Answer 26

Nope!

Question 27

Are there any interesting metabolism tricks with vitamin E?

Answer 27

No

Question 28

Which population subgroups are affected by Vitamin D?

Answer 28

Children in developing countries, soda drinkers, elderly with low sun exposure, populations above or below certain latitudes, dark skin.

Question 29

Why has Vitamin E been a huge disappointment?

Answer 29

Despite high enthusiasm for protection from heart disease and cancer, clinical trials WITH dietary supplements at high doses have demonstrated few/negligible benefits, and some adverse effects.

Question 30

Among what age group does the classic Vitamin E deficiency symptom occur?

Answer 30

Premature Babies

Question 31

What's the primary function of Vitamin K?

Answer 31

Blood clotting, bone protein

Question 32

What's the main source of Vitamin K?

Answer 32

Dark green leafy vegetables, intestinal bacteria

Question 33

Is deficiency of Vitamin K common?

Answer 33

Nope! Pretty rare.

Question 34

Is Vitamin K toxicity common?

Answer 34

Nope! Pretty rare.

Question 35

Are there any notable digestion or absorption issues with vitamin K?

Answer 35

Nope.

Question 36

What's the interesting Vitamin K metabolism mechanism?

Answer 36

Can interfere with warfarin therapy (warfarin is a blood thinning drug)

Question 37

What population subgroups are impacted by Vitamin K?

Answer 37

Infants; Adults taking warfarin.

Question 38

Why are newborn infants injected with vitamin K?

Answer 38

Because they don't yet have extensive gut micro flora, and they still need to have their blood clot.

Question 39

Who might take too much vitamin K?

Answer 39

Individuals on the medication warfarin that are also ingesting a lot of vitamin K, people with heart problems.

Question 40

Vitamin A toxicities

Answer 40

Birth defects with 13-cis retinoic acid; over-stimulated cell division!

Question 41

Do all fat-soluble vitamins decrease with low fat?

Answer 41

YES.

Question 42

What did cohort studies find out about vitamin E supplementation

Answer 42

Higher quintiles of consumption were associated with lower coronary disease

Question 43

Interventional cell study with vitamin E

Answer 43

Establish biological mechanism (as an antioxidant)

Question 44

Did the randomized control trial find that vitamin E works?

Answer 44

No

Question 45

What is the relationship between the function of Vitamin E, fats, and food sources?

Answer 45

Vitamin E functions as an antioxidant, particularly for your unsaturated fats, many PUFAs in plants, also come with vitamin E already. Widespread availability in foods.