vitamins & vit deficiency

Question 1

IV nutrition imp points

Answer 1

give when adequate nutrition not possible or nil by mouth

supplemental parenteral nutrition - in addition to oridnary feeding

total parenteral nutrition - sole source of nutrition

infused through central venous catheter or peripheral vein

contains AA, glucose, fats, electrolytes ans vitamins
- proteins + facts to give enerygy
- glucose infused through central venous catheter to prevent thrombosis
- phosphate to phosphorylate glucose + prevent hypophosphatemia
- fructose + sorbitol

Question 2

fat soluble vitamins imp points

Answer 2

vit A, D, E, K

vit A - retinol:
- deficiency leads to ocular defects and increased risk of infections
- avoid in pregnancy - teratogenic
- cheese, eggs, oily fish, milk, yoghurt

vit D - ergocalciferol D2, colecalciferol D3, alfacalcidol, calcitriol
- deficiency - rickets
- deficiency occurs in reduced sunlight and diet
- normal dose 10mcg (400iu)
- egg yolk, oily fish, red meat

Vit E - tocopherol:
- deficiency - neuromuscular abnormalities
- plant oils, nuts, seeds

Vit K - phytomenadiol
- blood clotting factor - reversal agent for warfarin
- menadiol - water soluble derivative - given orally in malabsorption syndromes
- leafy green veg

Question 3

water soluble vitamins - imp points

Answer 3

vitamin C - ascorbic acid
- deficiency - scurvy
- helps with wound healing and maintain healthy skin, blood vessels, bone cartilage
- citrus fruits - oranges, lemon, strawberry, blackcurrant

vitamin B
- vit B1 - thiamine - WE
- vit B2 - riboflavin - keeps skin eyes and nervous system healthy
- vit B6 - pyridoxine - treats peripheral neuropathy associated with isoniazid
- vit b12 - hydroxocobolamin - treats megaloblastic anaemia

meats and veg