Vitamins- water soluble

Question 1

What are the water soluble vitamins?

Answer 1

-Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)
-B-complex vitamins

Question 1

What are B-complex vitamins split into?

Answer 1

-Energy releasing
-Hematopoietic

Question 2

Which of the B-vitamins are energy releasing?

Answer 2

-Thiamin (B1)
-Riboflavin (B2)
-Niacin (B3)
-Pantothenic acid
-Biotin
-Vitamin B6

Question 3

Which of the B-vitamins are hematopoietic?

Answer 3

-Folic acid
-Vitamin B12
-Vitamin B6
-Pantothenic acid

Question 4

what are the 2 forms of vitamin C?

Answer 4

-reduced form: Ascorbic acid,
-oxidised form: dehydroascorbic acid

Question 5

What synthesised vitamin C?

Answer 5

-Most animals

Question 6

Describe the absorption and storage of vitamin C?

Answer 6

-Absorbed by a specific energy dependant transport system but if intake is high then passive transport occurs but it means decreased absorption
-Excess of vitamin C is excreted and not stored

Question 7

What are the functions of vitamin C?

Answer 7

-Strong reducing agent- donates electrons to help reverse oxidation, preventing oxidative stress
-Maintains intracellular substances (connective tissue- involved in collagen synthesis)
-Helps with iron absorption
-Involved in adrenal cortex and stress
-involved in liquid metabolism
-immunity reactions
-detoxification
-cerebral functions

Question 8

Requirements of vitamin C?

Answer 8

-Babies 0-12months- 25mg
1-14years- 30-35mg
-Abover 15 years- 40mg
-Pregnancy - add 10mg
-lactation- add 30 mg

Question 9

Effect of a deficiency in Vitamin C?

Answer 9

-Results in scurvy (symptoms: swelling/bleeding of gums, easily bruised. Poor wound healing, pain and swelling of joints, dry pale skin)

Question 10

Sources of vitamin C?

Answer 10

-citrus fruits
-berries
-kiwi
-fruit juice
-raw veg

Question 11

Vitamin B1 function and effect if deficiency?

Answer 11

• coenzyme for thiamine pyrophosphate energy pathways
  –Beri-beri- rash, weakness, loss of reflexes

Question 12

Vitamin B2 function and effect if deficiency?

Answer 12

• helps to metabolise macronutrients into glucose for energy
  -angular stomatitis, magenta tongue

Question 13

Vitamin B3 function and effect if deficiency?

Answer 13

-helps improve circulation and suppress inflammation
-pellagra- diarrhoea, dementia

Question 14

Vitamin B5 function ?

Answer 14

• lipid and CHO metabolism, steroid synthesis

Question 15

Vitamin B6 function and effect if deficiency?

Answer 15

-amino acid processing
-Convulsions in infants

Question 16

Vitamin B12 function and effect if deficiency?

Answer 16

• new cell production
  -Megaloblastic anaemia- large, pale red blood cells, irreversible nerve damage

Question 17

Vitamin B9-folate function and effect if deficiency?

Answer 17

• new cell production (same as B12)

Question 18

Vitamin B8-biotin function

Answer 18

• cofactor- fatty acid metabolism

Question 19

Characteristics of B vitamins?

Answer 19

-act as co-factors in different enzyme systems in body
-Occur in similar foods and are not stored in the body for long

Question 20

Sources of B vitamins?

Answer 20

-Thiamine- whole grain cereals, breakfast cereals, nuts and seeds
-Riboflavin- liver, milk, cheese, egg, wholemeal bread
-Niacin- meat, fish, wholegrain cereals
-B6- liver, cereals, meat
-B12- meat, fish, milk, eggs
-Folate- liver, nuts, green veg