Viticultural History Flashcards
(24 cards)
What is the significance of the ancient boundary between the Bishopric of Autun and the Bishopric of Langres?
It became the border between the Côte de Nuits and the Côte de Beaune. Hence, the first vineyard when entering the Côte de Nuits from the south is Les Clos des Langres.
Who first brought wine to Bourgogne? When and why?
The Phoenicians, trading wine for tolls, on their way to the Cornish tin mines in 1300 BC
Who may have been responsible for the first vine cultivation in Bourgogne and when?
A Celtic tribe from Lombardia called the Éduens (Aedui) may have planted vines as early as 200 BC
When and where does the earliest evidence of Roman-style vine cultivation appear in Bourgogne?
Gevrey-Chambertin in the 1st century AD
What impacted wine production from 92 AD to 276 AD?
Roman Emperor Domitian forbad the planting of vines in Gaul (the prohibition was lifted by Emperor Probus in 276 AD)
What event paved the way for the Benedictines and the Cistercians to play a major role in the development of vine cultivation and winemaking from 587 AD to the French Revolution in 1789 AD?
King Clovis from the Germanic tribe of the Franks married Clothilde, the niece of the King of the Scandinavian Burgondes tribe, converted to Christianity, and defeated the Burgondes tribe.
3 major influences of the monastic orders
1) documentation of practices
2) delineation of land by quality
3) cultivation of Chardonnay and Pinot Noir
2 leading causes of the French Revolution
1) wealth concentrated to the church and feudal lords
2) mini Ice age
3 impacts of the French Revolution on the wine trade
1) church land was nationalized and sold
2) Napoleonic code led to vineyard fragmentation
3) growth in demand for wine
5 recent developments in Bourgogne
1) domaine bottling
2) micro-négociants
3) modernization - optical sorters, machine harvesting, better hygiene
4) global warming - earlier harvests, increased risk from frost and hail, fewer poor vintages
5) the organic movement
Bourgogne’s 2 monastic orders and their primary monasteries
1) Benedictine - Cluny
2) Cistercian - Cîteaux
2 monastic contributions to Bourgogne’s distinctiveness
1) focus on Pinot Noir and Chardonnay
2) identifying the best growing sites
The years of the 4 Valois Dukes
1363-1477
The year Gamay planting was banned by Philippe the Bold
1395
In what village and in what year did phylloxera first appear in Bourgogne?
Meursault - 1878
The Bourgogne Viticole was delimited on what date?
April 29, 1930
What is the origin of the name Bourgogne?
The Burgondes tribe from Scandinavia by way of Germany who established their kingdom in the area in 443
The earliest physical evidence of wine in Bourgogne
500 BC - a wine jar unearthed at Vix, near Chatillon-sur-Seine
When and what was the Royal Endorsement?
1693 - at the urging of his doctor, Louis XIV converted the palace wine from Champagne to Bourgogne
3 early négociants and the year of their founding
1) Champy (1720)
2) Bouchard Pére (1731)
3) Chanson (1750)
The year oidium (powdery mildew) arrived in Bourgogne
1852, followed shortly by peronospora (Downy mildew)
The date the INAO was created
July 30, 1935
What current lesser-known wine was served to King Phillip II at his coronation in 1180
Meloisey, now part of Bourgogne Hautes-Côtes de Beaune
Bourgogne’s most significant growth area over the past 30 years
Chablis
