Vocab Flashcards
(74 cards)
What primarily manages the operating of one or more virtual machines within a virtualized environment?
Cloud based operating systems
What is a feature of cloud-based operating systems?
primarily stateless
unique set of services provided by operating systems for use by applications and have to be accounted for by different operating systems.
System calls
Why do applications designed to work on one operating system not work on a different operating system?
Unique system calls
instructs a particular OS on how to access a piece of hardware
Driver
Allows different parts of a single program to run concurrently
Multithreading
involves the use of interrupt to exchange data between I/O and memory
Interrupt-Driven I/O
The processor issues an I/O command to an I/O module; that process then waits for the operation to be completed before continuing.
Programmed I/O
When a device controller transfers an entire block of data from its own buffer storage to memory without CPU intervention
Direct memory Access (DMA)
the basic process performed by the CPU. On each cycle the CPU fetches the next instruction from RAM, interprets it and executes it.
Fetch-Execute Cycle
core registers-usually a few hundred or less storage locations
Level 0 Cache
memory on the processor die used as a cache to improve processor performance
Level 1 Cache
Memory in the processor package but not on the processor die. The memory is used as a cache or buffer to improve processor performance
Level 2 Cache
cache memory further from the processor core than level 2 but still in the processor package
Level 3 Cache
is shared dynamically between the on-die graphics processor unit (GPU) and CPU. The L4 cache acts as an overflow cache for L3. Information evicted from L3 dumped into L4
Level 4 Cache
There are two separate modes: monitor mode (also called system mode and kernal mode) and user mode.
In monitor mode, the CPU can use all instructions and access all areas of memory. In user mode, the CPU is restricted to unprivileged instructions and a specified area of memory.
Dual Mode Processors
CPUs (like ARM), which have smaller instruction sets than complex instruction set computing (CISC) CPUs
reduced instruction set computing (RISC)
it stores its information in a cell containing a capacitor and transistor
DRAM
independent from the CPU’s external clock
Asynchronous DRAM
shares a common clock signal with the computer’s system clock and has a single data rate. Same speed as the motherboard.
Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM)
is memory that transfers data twice as fast as SDRAM. Increases performance by transferring data twice per clock cycle
DDR SDRAM
A RAM standard that replaces the original DDR standard. Using far less power than DDR1, a stick of DDR2 SDRAM has 240 pins
DDR2 SDRAM
A RAM standard that replaces the original DDR2 standard and requires far less power, while providing almost twice the bandwidth. A stick of DDR3 SDRAM has 240 pins, but is keyed so it will not fit into a socket designed for DDR2. DDR3 SO-DIMMs have 204 pins
DDR3 SDRAM
Double Data-Rate Four SDRAM (DDR4 SDRAM) is the successor to DDR3 SDRAM. DDR4 SDRAM runs its external data bus at twice the speed of DDR3 SDRAM, enabling faster performance. DDR4 SDRAM also uses lower voltages than DDR3 and supports higher memory capacities.
DDR4 SDRAM
