Vocab

Question 1

Organ

Answer 1

Anatomical unit with multiple functions

Question 2

Organ system

Answer 2

Group of organs that function together

Question 3

Surface anatomy

Answer 3

General form and superficial markings

Question 4

Regional anatomy

Answer 4

Structure of the major organ systems

Question 5

Developmental anatomy

Answer 5

Considers the similarities and relationships in anatomical organization of different animals

Question 6

Homeostasis

Answer 6

The body’s internal environment is relatively stable

Question 7

Organisms requirements

Answer 7

1. Responsiveness
2. Differentiation/growth
3. Metabolism
4. Reproduction
5. Excretion
6. Movement

Question 8

3 sectional planes

Answer 8

Frontal, Sagittal, transverse

Question 9

Serial reconstruction

Answer 9

Important for studying histological structure and analyzing images produced by radiological procedures

Question 10

Body Cavities

Answer 10

Protect delicate organs and permit changes in size of organs

Question 11

Diaphragm

Answer 11

Separates the superior thoracic cavity from the inferior abdominopelvic cavity

Question 12

The abdominopelvic cavity contains the

Answer 12

peritoneal cavity which is lined by the peritoneal. Many digestive organs are supported and stabilized by mesenteries.

Question 13

The abdominal cavity extends from

Answer 13

the inferior surface of the diaphragm to an imaginary line drawn from the inferior surface of the most inferior spinal vertebra to the anterior and superior margin of pelvic girdle. Inferior to this is the pelvic cavity

Question 14

The thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities contain

Answer 14

Narrow fluid filled spaces lined by serous membrane. The thoracic cavity contains 2 pleural cavities separated by the mediastinum

Question 15

The mediastinum contains the

Answer 15

Thymus, trachea, esophagus, blood vessels, and pericardial cavity.

Question 16

Pleura

Answer 16

The membrane lining the plural cavities

Question 17

Serous pericardium

Answer 17

The membrane lining the pericardial cavity

Question 18

Epithelium

Answer 18

Is an avascular sheet of cells that forms a surface, lining, or covering

Question 19

Tissues

Answer 19

Collections specialized cells that are organized to preform a number of functions

Question 20

Exocrine secretions

Answer 20

Are discharged through ducts to the exterior

Question 21

Endocrine secretions

Answer 21

Aka hormone, are released by gland cells into the interstitial fluid

Question 22

Eccrine

Answer 22

Exocytosis

Question 23

Connective tissue proper

Answer 23

Refers to all tissues that contain varied cell populations and fiber types suspended in a viscous ground substance

Question 24

Fluid connective tissue

Answer 24

Have distinctive population of cells suspended in watery ground substance containing dissolved proteins.

Question 25

Supporting connective tissues

Answer 25

Have less diverse cell population than proper, and have a dense matrix that contains fibers.

Question 26

Matrix of cartilage is

Answer 26

Firm gel that contains chondroitin sulfates. It is produced my immature cells called chondroblasts and maintained by chondrocytes.

Question 27

Bone

Answer 27

Has matrix of collagen fibers and and calcium salts

Question 28

Membranes

Answer 28

Form a barrier or interface

Question 29

All connective tissues are

Answer 29

Derived from embryonic mesenchyme

Question 30

Muscle tissue consists primarily

Answer 30

of cells that are specialized for contraction

Question 31

Nervous tissue is

Answer 31

specialized to conduct electrical impulses from one area of the body to another

Question 32

Dendrites receive

Answer 32

incoming messages and axons conduct messages towards other cells

Question 33

Sebaceous glands

Answer 33

discharge a waxy oily secretion into hair follicles

Question 34

Apocrine sweat glands produce

Answer 34

an odorous secretion

Question 35

Eccrine sweat glands produce

Answer 35

a thin watery secretion known as sensible perspiration or sweat

Question 36

Osseous tissue is

Answer 36

a supporting connective tissue with specialized cells and a sold, extracellular matrix of protein fibers and a ground substance.

Question 37

Osteocytes are

Answer 37

mature bone cells that are completely surrounded by hard bone matrix. Osteocytes reside in lacunae.

Question 38

Osteoblasts are

Answer 38

bone-forming cells, which through osteogenesis, synthesize osteoid (the matrix of the bone).

Question 39

Osteoprogenitor cells are

Answer 39

mesenchymal cells that play a role in bone fracture repair

Question 40

Osteoclasts are cells that

Answer 40

help dissolve bony matrix through osteolysis.

Question 41

Osteon

Answer 41

is the basic functional unit of compact bone

Question 42

Trabeculae are

Answer 42

struts or plates in an open network of spongy bone

Question 43

Periosteum

Answer 43

two-layered external bone covering

Question 44

Endosteum

Answer 44

internal bone covering

Question 45

Ossification

Answer 45

replaces other tissue with bone

Question 46

Calcification

Answer 46

Deposits calcium salts within a tissue

Question 47

Appositional growth

Answer 47

Diameter of a bone enlarging at the outer surface

Question 48

Endochondral ossification

Answer 48

begins with the formation of a cartilaginous model. Osseous tissue gradually replaces this hyaline cartilage model

Question 49

Parathyroid gland realeases

Answer 49

Parathyroid hormone which stimulates osteoclast and osteoblast activity

Question 50

The thyroid gland releases

Answer 50

Calcitonin which inhibits osteoclast activity and increases calcium loss in the urine

Question 51

What hormones stimulate growth through increasing osteoblasts?

Answer 51

GH, thyroxine, and sex hormones

Question 52

A fracture

Answer 52

is a break or crack in bone

Question 53

Osteopenia

Answer 53

Normal loss of thickness and strength in bones. Can lead to osteoporosis

Question 54

Name the 7 categories of bones

Answer 54

sutural, pneumatized, short, irregular, flat, long, and sesamoid