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Endocrine System > Vocab > Flashcards

Vocab Flashcards

(52 cards)

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0
Q

Thyroid hormone

A

Stimulates secretion of thyroid hormones

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1
Q

Growth hormone

A

Stimulates growth in all organs,
mobilizes food molecules,
causes an increase in blood glucose concentration

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2
Q

Releasing hormone

A

Stimulate the interior pituitary to release hormones

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3
Q

Inhibiting hormone

A

Inhibit the interior pituitary secretion of hormones

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4
Q

T3 & t4 hormones

A

Stimulate The energy metabolism cells

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5
Q

Parathyroid hormone

A

Stimulates the breakdown of bone

causes an increase in blood calcium concentration

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6
Q

Adrenaline

A

Prolong and intensify the sympathetic nervous response during stress

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7
Q

Sex hormone (androgens)

A

Stimulate sexual drive in the female but have negligible effects in the male

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8
Q

Insulin

A

Promotes glucose entry into all cells causing a decrease in blood glucose concentration

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9
Q

Glucagon

A

Stimulates Live glycogenolysis causing an increase in blood glucose concentration

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10
Q

Estrogens

A

Promotes development and maintenance of female sexual characteristics

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11
Q

Testosterone

A

Promotes development and maintenance of mail sexual characteristics

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12
Q

Thymosins

A

Promotes development of immune system cells

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13
Q

Melatonin

A

Inhibits tropic hormones that affects the ovaries

may be involved in the body’s internal clock

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14
Q

Exocrine glands

A

Secrete their products into ducts that empty onto the surface or into a cavity

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15
Q

Endocrine glands

A

Ductless glands that secrete hormones into intercellular spaces

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16
Q

Target cell

A

Cell in which a reaction of a hormone takes place

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17
Q

Hypersecretion

A

Production of too much hormones in one gland

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18
Q

Hyposecretion

A

Production of too little hormones in a gland

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19
Q

Nonsteroid hormone

A

Serves as a first messenger

provides communication between endocrine glands and target organs

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20
Q

cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate)

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A

Serves as a second messenger

provides communication within a hormones target cells

21
Q

Steroid hormone

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A

New protein is formed in the cytoplasm that produces specific effects in the target cell

22
Q

Negative feedback

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A

Reverse changes back to normal

23
Q

Positive feedback

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A

Amplify changes

24
Prostaglandins (PG's)
Tissue hormone | Influence activities of neighboring cells
25
What are the three different types of prostaglandins (PG's) and what what do they do.
``` Prostaglandin A (PGA) Prostaglandin E (PGE) Prostaglandin F (PGF) Influence respiration , gastrointestinal secretion, blood pressure, inflammation, and the reproductive system ```
26
Pituitary gland
``` Master gland Small but mighty structure No larger than a pea Really 2 glands in one (Anterior pituitary gland & posterior pituitary gland) ```
27
Anterior pituitary gland (adenohypophysis)
Structure of endocrine gland
28
Posterior pituitary gland (neurohypophysis)
Structure of nervous system
29
Stella turcica
Sphenoid gland that holds pituitary gland
30
Tropic hormone
Stimulates another endocrine gland to grow and secrete it's hormones
31
Prolactin
Stimulates the breast development for milk stimulation
32
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Accelerates the reabsorption of water from urine in the kidney tubules back into the blood
33
Diabetes insidipus
Hypo secretion of ADH (antidiuretic) | Large volumes of urine are formed
34
Oxytocin (OT)
Stimulates contraction of the smooth muscle of the pregnant uterus and is believed to initiate and maintain labor - stimulates "milk let down" - supports mother infant bond
35
Corticoids
Hormones secreted by the three layers of the adrenal cortex
36
Mineralcorticoids
Hormones secreted at the outer layer of the adrenal cortex
37
Aldosterone
Main mineralocorticoid | Increase the amount of sodium and decrease the amount of potassium in the blood
38
Gluconeogenesis
A process that converts amino acids to glucose and that is performed mainly by liver cells - maintains normal blood glucose level & blood pressure
39
Epinephrine & norepinephrine
"Adrenaline" is epinephrine | - they both stimulate "fight or flight" response
40
Glucagon
Secreted by alpha cells
41
Glycogenolysis
A chemical process by which the glucose in the liver cells in the form of glycogen is converted to glucose
42
Type 1 diabetes
When pancreatic islets secrete too little insulin | -blood glucose levels increases
43
Type 2 diabetes
Increase of insulin | Prevents normal affect of insulin on it's targeting cells
44
Insulin
Only hormone that can decrease blood glucose concentration levels
45
Glycosuria
When excess glucose is lost in the urine
46
Chorionic gonadotropin
Produced by placenta during pregnancy | -tropic hormone secreted by cells of the chorion
47
Chorion
Outermost membrane that surrounds the baby during development in the uterus
48
Melatonin
Regulated the menstrual cycle in women
49
Ghrelin
Secreted by epithelial cells lining the stomach and boosts appetite, slows metabolism, and reduced fat burning.
50
Atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH)
Secreted by cells in the wall of the hearts atria (upper chambers) - regulator in fluid and electrolyte homeostasis and is an antagonist to aldosterone
51
Leptin
Secreted by fat storing cells throughout the body | -regulates how hungry or how full we feel and how fat is metabolized by the body.

Endocrine System (1 decks)

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