Flashcards in Vocab Deck (52)
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Growth hormone
Stimulates growth in all organs,
mobilizes food molecules,
causes an increase in blood glucose concentration
1
Thyroid hormone
Stimulates secretion of thyroid hormones
2
Releasing hormone
Stimulate the interior pituitary to release hormones
3
Inhibiting hormone
Inhibit the interior pituitary secretion of hormones
4
T3 & t4 hormones
Stimulate The energy metabolism cells
5
Parathyroid hormone
Stimulates the breakdown of bone
causes an increase in blood calcium concentration
6
Adrenaline
Prolong and intensify the sympathetic nervous response during stress
7
Sex hormone (androgens)
Stimulate sexual drive in the female but have negligible effects in the male
8
Insulin
Promotes glucose entry into all cells causing a decrease in blood glucose concentration
9
Glucagon
Stimulates Live glycogenolysis causing an increase in blood glucose concentration
10
Estrogens
Promotes development and maintenance of female sexual characteristics
11
Testosterone
Promotes development and maintenance of mail sexual characteristics
12
Thymosins
Promotes development of immune system cells
13
Melatonin
Inhibits tropic hormones that affects the ovaries
may be involved in the body's internal clock
14
Exocrine glands
Secrete their products into ducts that empty onto the surface or into a cavity
15
Endocrine glands
Ductless glands that secrete hormones into intercellular spaces
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Target cell
Cell in which a reaction of a hormone takes place
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Hypersecretion
Production of too much hormones in one gland
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Hyposecretion
Production of too little hormones in a gland
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Nonsteroid hormone
Serves as a first messenger
provides communication between endocrine glands and target organs
20
cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate)
Serves as a second messenger
provides communication within a hormones target cells
21
Steroid hormone
New protein is formed in the cytoplasm that produces specific effects in the target cell
22
Negative feedback
Reverse changes back to normal
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Positive feedback
Amplify changes
24
Prostaglandins (PG's)
Tissue hormone
Influence activities of neighboring cells
25
What are the three different types of prostaglandins (PG's) and what what do they do.
Prostaglandin A (PGA)
Prostaglandin E (PGE)
Prostaglandin F (PGF)
Influence respiration , gastrointestinal secretion, blood pressure, inflammation, and the reproductive system
26
Pituitary gland
Master gland
Small but mighty structure
No larger than a pea
Really 2 glands in one
(Anterior pituitary gland & posterior pituitary gland)
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Anterior pituitary gland (adenohypophysis)
Structure of endocrine gland
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Posterior pituitary gland (neurohypophysis)
Structure of nervous system
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Stella turcica
Sphenoid gland that holds pituitary gland
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Tropic hormone
Stimulates another endocrine gland to grow and secrete it's hormones
31
Prolactin
Stimulates the breast development for milk stimulation
32
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Accelerates the reabsorption of water from urine in the kidney tubules back into the blood
33
Diabetes insidipus
Hypo secretion of ADH (antidiuretic)
Large volumes of urine are formed
34
Oxytocin (OT)
Stimulates contraction of the smooth muscle of the pregnant uterus and is believed to initiate and maintain labor
-stimulates "milk let down"
-supports mother infant bond
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Corticoids
Hormones secreted by the three layers of the adrenal cortex
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Mineralcorticoids
Hormones secreted at the outer layer of the adrenal cortex
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Aldosterone
Main mineralocorticoid
Increase the amount of sodium and decrease the amount of potassium in the blood
38
Gluconeogenesis
A process that converts amino acids to glucose and that is performed mainly by liver cells
- maintains normal blood glucose level
& blood pressure
39
Epinephrine & norepinephrine
"Adrenaline" is epinephrine
- they both stimulate "fight or flight" response
40
Glucagon
Secreted by alpha cells
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Glycogenolysis
A chemical process by which the glucose in the liver cells in the form of glycogen is converted to glucose
42
Type 1 diabetes
When pancreatic islets secrete too little insulin
-blood glucose levels increases
43
Type 2 diabetes
Increase of insulin
Prevents normal affect of insulin on it's targeting cells
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Insulin
Only hormone that can decrease blood glucose concentration levels
45
Glycosuria
When excess glucose is lost in the urine
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Chorionic gonadotropin
Produced by placenta during pregnancy
-tropic hormone secreted by cells of the chorion
47
Chorion
Outermost membrane that surrounds the baby during development in the uterus
48
Melatonin
Regulated the menstrual cycle in women
49
Ghrelin
Secreted by epithelial cells lining the stomach and boosts appetite, slows metabolism, and reduced fat burning.
50
Atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH)
Secreted by cells in the wall of the hearts atria (upper chambers)
- regulator in fluid and electrolyte homeostasis and is an antagonist to aldosterone
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