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LSAT 180 > Vocab > Flashcards

Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Qualifies

A

to modify or limit in some way; make less strong or positive

to attribute some quality or qualities to; characterize, call, or name:

She cannot qualify his attitude as either rational or irrational.

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2
Q

Synthesis

A

the combination of diverse elements into one

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3
Q

Engender

A

to cause or lead to

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4
Q

Tangential

A

divergent or digressive, as from a subject under consideration

tangential remarks.

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5
Q

Plummet

A

To fall suddenly

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6
Q

Circumlocution

A

the use of many words to say something that could be said more clearly and directly by using fewer words

excessive speaking, wordiness

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7
Q

Tacit

A

unspoken yet understood

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8
Q

Demur

A

to disagree politely with another person’s statement or suggestion

: to politely refuse to accept a request or suggestion

: to take exception :
often used with to or at

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9
Q

Garrulous

A

excessively talkative in a rambling, roundabout manner, especially about trivial matters.

wordy or diffuse:
a garrulous and boring speech.

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10
Q

Vacuity

A

the state of being vacuous or without contents; vacancy; emptiness:
the vacuity of the open sea.

absence of thought or intelligence; inanity; blankness:
a mind of undeniable vacuity.

a time or state of dullness, lacking in mental or physical action or productivity:
the vacuity of modern existence

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11
Q

Chicanery

A

: actions or statements that trick people into believing something that is not true : deception or trickery

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12
Q

Sophistry

A

the use of reasoning or arguments that sound correct but are actually false

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13
Q

Specious

A

having deceptive attraction or allure

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14
Q

Antecedent

A

a preceding event, condition, or cause

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15
Q

Extant

A

in existence; still existing; not destroyed or lost:

There are only three extant copies of the document.

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16
Q

Preclude

A

to prevent the presence, existence, or occurrence of; make impossible:

The insufficiency of the evidence precludes a conviction.

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17
Q

Diminution

A

the act, fact, or process of diminishing; lessening; reduction.

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18
Q

Divisibility

A

Divisible - Capable of being divided

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19
Q

Divisible

A

Capable of being divided

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20
Q

Indivisible

A

impossible to divide or separate : not divisible

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21
Q

Indeterminacy

A

Being Indeterminate

Not known, determined or fixed. Not Clear, vague

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22
Q

Determinacy

A

the quality or state of being determinate - definitely known or decided

definitely and unequivocally characterized : exactness

the state of being determined or necessitated

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23
Q

Determinate

A

definitely known or decided

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24
Q

Orthodoxy

A

conforming to the approved form of a doctrine, philosophy, ideology. Conventional

He took an orthodox approach to the problem.

She believes in the benefits of both orthodox medicine and alternative medicine.

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25
Q

Unorthodox

A

different from what is usually done or accepted.

not conforming to rules, traditions, or modes of conduct

26
Q

Putative

A

: commonly accepted or supposed

: assumed to exist or to have existed
— pu·ta·tive·ly adverb

27
Q

Hyperbole

A

an extravagant statement or figure of speech not intended to be taken literally, as “to wait an eternity.”.

hyperbolic
having the nature of hyperbole; exaggerated.

28
Q

Subvert

A
  1. to overthrow (something established or existing).
  2. to cause the downfall, ruin, or destruction of.
  3. to undermine the principles of; corrupt.
29
Q

Impugn

A

dispute the truth, validity, or honesty of (a statement or motive); call into question.
“the father does not impugn her capacity as a good mother”

: to assail by words or arguments : oppose or attack as false or lacking integrity

Hence the following paragraphs, while they will resume and affirm his principal results, will qualify and impugn some of his positions.

There is no reason to impugn the soundness of this substantially consentient testimony to the pronunciation Yahweh or Jahveh, coming as it does through several independent channels.

30
Q

libelous

A

containing an untrue written statement that causes people to have a bad opinion of someone

31
Q

Fallacy of Exclusivity

A

1) it ignores other possible solutions
2) it ignores combos

An argument that fails to establish that the list of options it provides is exhaustive, in other words, there is no other option available.
2. An argument that assumes two options are exclusive from one another and that a combination of the two is not plausible

32
Q

Sampling Fallacy

A

The sample surveyed must be representative of the group it pretends to represent or those surveyed must understand the survey and have no motive to misrepresent themselves

33
Q

“You’re for us or you’re against us”

A

Fallacy of Exclusivity

1) it ignores other possible solutions
2) it ignores combos

An argument that fails to establish that the list of options it provides is exhaustive, in other words, there is no other option available.
2. An argument that assumes two options are exclusive from one another and that a combination of the two is not plausible

34
Q

“Neither of the knives I tried were helpful in cutting my coconut. So no knives will help me cut my coconut.”

A

Error of Composition

An error of composition occurs when the author attributes a characteristic of part of the group to the group as a whole or to each member of the group.

assuming that because something is true of each of the parts of a whole it is true of the whole itself

Division

when the author attributes a characteristic of the
whole (or each member of the whole) to a part of the group

presumes, without providing justification, that what is true of a whole must also be true of its constituent parts

35
Q

presumes, without providing justification, that what is true of a whole must also be true of its constituent parts

A

Division

when the author attributes a characteristic of the
whole (or each member of the whole) to a part of the group

presumes, without providing justification, that what is true of a whole must also be true of its constituent parts

Error of Composition

An error of composition occurs when the author attributes a characteristic of part of the group to the group as a whole or to each member of the group.

assuming that because something is true of each of the parts of a whole it is true of the whole itself

36
Q

assuming that because something is true of each of the parts of a whole it is true of the whole itself

A

Error of Composition

An error of composition occurs when the author attributes a characteristic of part of the group to the group as a whole or to each member of the group.

assuming that because something is true of each of the parts of a whole it is true of the whole itself

37
Q

“The United States is the wealthiest country in the world. Thus, every American is wealthy.”

A

Error of Division

“presumes, without providing justification, that what is true of a whole must also be true of its constituent parts”

38
Q

“Every party I attend is fun and exciting. Therefore, my life is fun and exciting.”

A

Error of Composition

An error of composition occurs when the author attributes a characteristic of part of the group to the group as a whole or to each member of the group.

assuming that because something is true of each of the parts of a whole it is true of the whole itself

39
Q

Fallacy of the Inverse

A

When you negate both the sufficient and necessary condition without switching them.

40
Q

What are the two types of equivocation that occur frequently on the LSAT?

A

A shift in meaning in the words or key concepts of an argument or when an argument equivocates between two related, but distinct, concepts and treats them as though they are the same or equal to one another.

41
Q

What type of fallacy does an argument commit when it states, “The white house claims that there is a chance that individuals that suffer from ebola will die. Therefore, it can be concluded that anyone who suffers from ebola will die.”

A

Fallacy of Modality, confusing what is possible with what is definite

42
Q

Fallacy of Modality

A

Confusing what is possible with what is definite

43
Q

Principle Match and Principle match flaw… do what

A

come up with
Motto
and
Diagram

44
Q

When writing down composition fallacies also write

A

relation of whole to part, part to whole… etc.

45
Q

Laborious

A
  1. requiring much work, exertion, or perseverance:
    a laborious undertaking.
  2. characterized by or requiring extreme care and much attention to detail:
    laborious research.
46
Q

Notwithstanding

A

in spite of

47
Q

Exaggerated Answer

A

In Must Be True and Method of Reasoning questions, exaggerated answers take info from the stimulus and then stretch that info to make a broader statement not supported by the stimulus

48
Q

False Dilemma

A

Form of exclusivity

A common error of reasoning that assumes that only two courses of action are available when there may be more. (For example, you are either rich or impoverished).

Do not confuse a False Dilemma with a situation where the author legitimately establishes that only two possibilities exist. Phrases such as “either A or B will occur, but not both,” can establish a limited set of possibilities, and certain real-world situations yield only two possibilities, such as “you are either dead or alive.”

49
Q

Evidence Contradicts Conclusion:

A

Evidence Contradicts Conclusion:

Very rare correct answer - common trap

Ex if right would be: “This book didn’t sell well at all; nearly all copies printed were returned to the publisher. It follows that the publisher should print more copies as soon as possible.”

If the book didn’t sell the logical inference is that more copies should NOT be printed.

This pattern is rare. The the evidence in any Assumption Family Question (Anything with assumption - Flaw, Strengthen, Weaken, Principle) will never fully prove the conclusion, it is almost never happens that the evidence actually contradicts the conclusion.

50
Q

Capricious

A

: changing often and quickly; especially : often changing suddenly in mood or behavior

: not logical or reasonable : based on an idea, desire, etc., that is not possible to predict

employees who are at the mercy of a capricious manager

The court ruled that the punishment was arbitrary and capricious.

51
Q

: changing often and quickly; especially : often changing suddenly in mood or behavior

: not logical or reasonable : based on an idea, desire, etc., that is not possible to predict

A

Capricious

: changing often and quickly; especially : often changing suddenly in mood or behavior

: not logical or reasonable : based on an idea, desire, etc., that is not possible to predict

employees who are at the mercy of a capricious manager

The court ruled that the punishment was arbitrary and capricious.

52
Q

Historiography

A

the study of the methodology of historians
and
development of history as a discipline,
also
body of historical work on a particular subject.

53
Q

Subversion

A

the act of overthrowing something established or existing

Causing the downfall, ruin, or destruction of.

54
Q

Subvert

A

to overthrow (something established or existing).

to cause the downfall, ruin, or destruction of.

55
Q

to overthrow - cause the downfall, ruin, or destruction of.

A

Subvert

56
Q

Canard

A

an unfounded rumor or story.

a false or baseless, usually derogatory story, report, or rumor.

“the old canard that LA is a cultural wasteland”

57
Q

an unfounded rumor or story.

a false or baseless, usually derogatory story, report, or rumor.

A

Canard

“the old canard that LA is a cultural wasteland”

58
Q

Spate

A

a large number of similar things or events appearing or occurring in quick succession.

“a spate of attacks on travelers”

59
Q

a large number of similar things or events appearing or occurring in quick succession.

A

Spate

a large number of similar things or events appearing or occurring in quick succession.

“a spate of attacks on travelers”

60
Q

Aegis

A

noun Aegis (pronounced eegis)

  1. Classical Mythology. the shield or breastplate of Zeus or Athena, bearing at its center the head of the Gorgon.
  2. protection; support:
    under the imperial aegis.
  3. sponsorship; auspices:
    a debate under the aegis of the League of Women Voters.
61
Q

what is the name for

Classical Mythology. the shield or breastplate of Zeus or Athena, bearing at its center the head of the Gorgon.

it is also a word that means

(protection; support) and (sponsorship; auspices)

A

Aegis (pronounced eegis)

noun
1. Classical Mythology. the shield or breastplate of Zeus or Athena, bearing at its center the head of the Gorgon.

  1. protection; support:
    under the imperial aegis.
  2. sponsorship; auspices:
    a debate under the aegis of the League of Women Voters.
62
Q

To cite as evidence

Verb

A

Adduce

cite as evidence.

The engineer responds to the architect by addicting facts selected to show that the architect’s conclusion is false

“a number of factors are adduced to explain the situation”

LSAT 180 (10 decks)

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