vocab

Question 1

raised river bank that results when a river deposits its load at the rivers edge

Answer 1

natural levee

Question 2

body of rock through which large amounts of water can flow and much water is stored

Answer 2

aquifer

Question 3

part of the valley floor that may be covered w water during a flood

Answer 3

floodplain

Question 4

a small stream of water whose source is groundwater that has reached the surface

Answer 4

spring

Question 5

land from which water runs off into streams

Answer 5

drainage basin

Question 6

how freely water passes through open spaces in rock/sediment

Answer 6

permeability

Question 7

layer of groundwater where all pores are full

Answer 7

zone of saturation

Question 8

cone shaped calcite deposit built up from the floor of a calvern

Answer 8

stalagmite

Question 9

underground water that fills almost all the pores in rock and sediment

Answer 9

groundwater

Question 10

feeder streams that flow into a main river

Answer 10

tributary

Question 11

upper surface of the zone of saturation

Answer 11

water table

Question 12

curves in a river

Answer 12

meander

Question 13

refers to the percentage of open spaces in rock or sediment

Answer 13

porosity

Question 14

large, coarser sand, gravel and pebbles that move along the bottom

Answer 14

bed load

Question 15

cone shaped calcite deposit suspended from the ceiling of a cavern

Answer 15

stalactite

Question 16

the path that a stream follows

Answer 16

channel

Question 17

the unending circulation of earth’s water supply

Answer 17

water cycle

Question 18

remove as much suspended solids as possible before the remaining water, called effluent, is discharged back to the environment

Answer 18

wastewater treatment

Question 19

land from which water runs off into streams

Answer 19

watershed

Question 20

ridges or elevated regions of high ground that separate watersheds

Answer 20

divide

Question 21

beginning of a stream

Answer 21

headwaters

Question 22

streams radiate outwards from a central high point

Answer 22

radial

Question 23

shape determined by underlying rocks

Answer 23

rectangular

Question 24

streams that are parallel with tributaries forming right angles

Answer 24

trellis

Question 25

water flow resembles branches on a tree and is most common

Answer 25

dendritic

Question 26

process of lengthening and branching of a stream

Answer 26

headward erosion

Question 27

the capture of a stream in one watershed by a stream with a higher rate of erosion in another watershed

Answer 27

stream piracy

Question 28

material carried by a stream

Answer 28

stream load

Question 29

mineral matter transported in liquid solution

Answer 29

dissolved load

Question 30

particles of fine grains and silt suspended in the water

Answer 30

suspended load

Question 31

distance the water travels in a period of time

Answer 31

velocity

Question 32

volume of water moved by a stream within a given time

Answer 32

discharge

Question 33

steepness of a streams slope

Answer 33

gradient

Question 34

underwater deposit of sediment at the mouth of a stream into a lake or ocean

Answer 34

delta

Question 35

fan shaped deposit at the base of a slope on land

Answer 35

alluvial fan

Question 36

straight, erodes rapidly, v-shaped, few tributaries, has waterfalls and rapids

Answer 36

young river

Question 37

meandering, slow erosion, U-shaped, lots of tributaries, holds lots of water

Answer 37

mature river

Question 38

part of the valley floor that may be covered with natural water during a flood

Answer 38

floodplain

Question 39

gradient and velocity decreases, no more erosion, more meandering

Answer 39

old river

Question 40

eastern mounds built on the banks of a river | -can be made of concrete, sandbags etc

Answer 40

artificial levee

Question 41

store flood water and let it out slowly

Answer 41

flood control dams

Question 42

refers to the percentage of open spaces in rock or sediment

Answer 42

porosity

Question 43

tock or sediment that water canot flow through

Answer 43

impermeable

Question 44

zone that lies between water table and surface (remains dry except rainfall)

Answer 44

zone of aeration

Question 45

a hole that is dug below the water table and fills with groundwater

Answer 45

well

Question 46

cone shaped depression in water table around a well

Answer 46

cone of depression

Question 47

well in which water flows freely w no pumping necessary

Answer 47

artesian well

Question 48

hot groundwater that rises to surface before cooling

Answer 48

hot spring

Question 49

hot springs that erupt periodically

Answer 49

geyser

Question 50

water that contains large amounts of dissolved minerals

Answer 50

hard water

Question 51

large cave with connecting chambers

Answer 51

caverns

Question 52

depression formed when the roof of a cavern collapses

Answer 52

sinkhole

Question 53

topography characterized by sinkholes, ponds, lost river,s and underground drainage (dissolve easily)

Answer 53

karst topography

Question 54

removing salt from ocean water

Answer 54

desalination

Question 55

movement of saltwater into freshwater aquifers caused by over pumping of wells in coastal areas

Answer 55

saltwater intrusion

Question 56

sources of pollution- water dumps, underground storage tanks, agriculture and lawn fertilizers, pesticides, leaking sewage

Answer 56

conserving groundwater