volcanoes test

Question 1

shaking and trembling that results from sudden movement of part of the earth’s crust

Answer 1

Earthquake

Question 2

earthquakes are caused by…

Answer 2

• ground shakes from erupting volcano
• collapse of cavern
• impact of meteor
• stress that builds up and causes faulting

Question 3

rocks that are strained past a certain point will fracture and not spring back to their original shape(produces most of our earthquakes)

Answer 3

Elastic Rebound Theory

Question 4

point beneath the earth’s surface where the rocks break or move apart

Answer 4

focus

Question 5

point on earth’s surface directly above the focus (site of most violent shaking)

Answer 5

epicenter

Question 6

shaking that occurs days or even years before an earthquake

Answer 6

foreshock

Question 7

shaking that occurs even years after earthquakes

Answer 7

aftershock

Question 8

waves along the surface of earth

Answer 8

surface waves

Question 9

waves that move through the interior of earth

Answer 9

body waves

Question 10

• arrive first
• back and forth waves
• move through liquid, gas or solid
• slinky

Answer 10

P-waves

Question 11

• arrive second
• up and down
• jumprope
• move through solids only

Answer 11

S-waves

Question 12

instrument that detects and measures seismic waves

Answer 12

seismograph

Question 13

seismograph’s record of waves; has wavy lines recorded on paper (also called trace)

Answer 13

seismogram

Question 14

the epicenter is located using the difference in the arrival times between P and S wave recordings, which are related to distance

Answer 14

Earthquake Distance

Question 15

amount of energy released at the earthquakes epicenter

Answer 15

Magnitude

Question 16

measures how much energy an earthquake releases by assigning a number between 1-10

Answer 16

Richter scale

Question 17

measures the effect of an earthquake; scale based on how the effects of an earthquake are felt

Answer 17

mercalli scale

Question 18

effect of an earthquake on earth’s surface (amount of shaking produced)

Answer 18

Intensity

Question 19

need difference from __ different stations to determine the location of an earthquake

Answer 19

3

Question 20

major earthquake zone that forms a ring around the pacific ocean

Answer 20

pacific ring of fire

Question 21

conservation of soil into a fluid like mass during an earthquake or seismic event

Answer 21

Liquefaction

Question 22

extremely large ocean wave caused by an earthquake on or near the ocean floor

Answer 22

tsunami

Question 23

Successful earthquake prediction must correctly forecast..

Answer 23

• where it will occur
• when it will occur
• what magnitude it will be

Question 24

possible methods of predictions

Answer 24

• microquakes
• behavior of animals
• slight tilt in ground before earthquake
• natural gas seepage

Question 25

any activity that includes the movement of magma toward the surface of earth

Answer 25

Volcanism

Question 26

place where magma reaches surface

Answer 26

volcano

Question 27

liquid molten rock underground

Answer 27

magma

Question 28

magma that reached the surface

Answer 28

lava

Question 29

what are magmas made up of ?

Answer 29

water vapor, CO2 and sulfur

Question 30

magmas with more gases have more..

Answer 30

EXPLOSIVE ERUPTIONS!!!!!!!!!!!!

Question 31

a substance's resistance to flow | -related to silica content

Answer 31

viscosity

Question 32

high silica=...

Answer 32

more viscous

Question 33

as temp increases, viscosity _____

Answer 33

decreases

Question 34

opening from which lava flows

Answer 34

vent

Question 35

funnel shaped pit or depression at the top of volcano

Answer 35

crater

Question 36

craters whose walls have collapsed

Answer 36

caldera

Question 37

conduit between magma chamber underground and surface

Answer 37

pipe

Question 38

occurs where plates are moving apart | -lava flows out fluidly from cracks(div. bound)

Answer 38

mid-ocean ridge

Question 39

occurs at convergent boundaries and usually explosive

Answer 39

subduction zone

Question 40

areas of volcanic activity in the middle of lithospheric plates

Answer 40

hot spots

Question 41

most active volcanoes are found at ...

Answer 41

The Ring of Fire

Question 42

volcanic eruptions can be measured by the...

Answer 42

Volcanic Explosivity Index

Question 43

Volcanic Explosivity Index scale value is based on...

Answer 43

cloud height and amount of material ejected during eruption

Question 44

- much silica - light colored - slow moving

Answer 44

felsic lava type

Question 45

- low silica - dark colored - fast moving(oceanic crust)

Answer 45

mafic lava type

Question 46

comes from mafic lava

Answer 46

Basaltic lava

Question 47

- Aa (ah-ah) lava - forms when lava flows rapidly - rough, jagged blocks with spiny projection

Answer 47

Basaltic lava

Question 48

forms when lava flows slowly

Answer 48

Pahoehoe

Question 49

created underwater, slow moving, inside is still gooey

Answer 49

pillow lava

Question 50

solid fragments ejected from a volcano

Answer 50

tephra

Question 51

tephra is also called

Answer 51

pyroclastic material

Question 52

<2mm

Answer 52

ash

Question 53

2<64mm

Answer 53

lapilli

Question 54

>64mm (aerodynamic by shape)

Answer 54

bombs

Question 55

>64mm (angular, blocky)

Answer 55

blocks

Question 56

- composed of quiet lava flows - form gently sloping - dome shaped mountains - basaltic (mafic) magma

Answer 56

shield volcano

Question 57

- made up of mostly tephra - explosive eruptions - not very high - narrow base - steep sides

Answer 57

cindercone volcano

Question 58

- alternating layers of expelled rock and lava - violent eruptions at first w tephra, then quiet w lava - large, cone shaped

Answer 58

composite volcano

Question 59

what impact does ash in the atmosphere make?

Answer 59

- disrupt air travel | - if severe can affect climate

Question 60

mudflows made up of volcanic debris - flow like liquid(wet concrete) - can travel over 50 mph

Answer 60

lahar

Question 61

- mostly water vapor - CO2 - sulfur dioxide - hydrogen sulfide - fluorine gas

Answer 61

volcanic gases