Vocab 6 Flashcards
(25 cards)
Weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation
Who- N/A
What- Couldn’t levy taxes, weak central gov., not able to regulate trade, one vote for each state
Where- USA
When- 18th century
Why- Because the new nation wanted a more state-focused gov. because they were scared of having another tyrannical gov. rule them.
Alexander Hamilton
Who- Scottish Immigrant, Aid to George Washington, Founding Father
What- He fought for a more centralized gov. in the Constitutional Conventions. He was secretary of treasury.
Where- Born Charlestown, Nevis
When- January 11, 1757 - Died: July 12, 1804
Why- He helped establish a more centralized gov with the federalist papers and passed his plan in congress so that the country would take on states’ debt and help centralize the country.
New Jersey Plan
Who- William Patterson
What- This plan proposed that all states have equal representation in legislature regardless of population. It also proposed that we keep a one house legislature instead of two.
Where- Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
When- June 15, 1787
Why- The New Jersey Plan was for the smaller states population-wise that didn’t want to be overpowered by the states with large populations who wanted more congressional votes.
Virginia Plan
Who- James Madison
What- Proposed states with large populations got more votes in the lower house. And that the legislature would be broken up into 2 houses and the members of the upper house would be elected by members of the lower house.
Where- Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
When- May 29, 1787
Why- The larger states (New York, Virginia) felt they should have more power in the new gov. because they had a higher population than other states.
Great Compromise
Who- Ben Franklin, delegates from each state
What- It was a compromise on how the country’s gov. should be run. They decided on a three-house system one house having delegates based on population, one house
Where- Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
When- 1787
Why- The country couldn’t keep operating under the Articles of Confederation so they had to make a compromise between the two plans that were proposed and ended up with this.
James Madison
Who- Founding Father
What- He proposed the Virginia plan and played a major role in developing the Bill of Rights. He also helped resolve the two very important questions of the time of sovereignty and limiting power.
Where- Virginia
When- March 16, 1751 - June 28, 1836
Why- He set up our country’s gov. so all the power came from the people which solved the sovereignty and limited power problems.
Sovereignty
Who- N/A
What- It is the supreme power or authority over someone or something.
Where- USA
When- 18th century
Why- The new USA was worried about sovereignty in their new nation when setting up their gov.
Checks and Balances
Who- James Madison, David Hume
What- The division of power split amongst the three houses so that no house has more power than the other and also holds power over the other houses.
Where- USA
When- 18th century
Why- The new nation was so afraid of sovereignty that James Madison came up with this idea of checks and balances so that no one would have complete power.
Federalism
Who-N/A
What- Wanted to unite the state governments into a bigger government so that the states had power but there was also a larger body that united the states.
Where- USA
When- 18th century
Why- Because it gave both the states and a larger ruling body power.
Separation of Powers
Who- Delegates of the states
What- It is when certain powers are split up so that no one group or person is in charge.
Where-USA
When- 18th century
Why- Because the delegates were afraid of sovereignty so they split up the powers that each house would have.
Antifederalists
Who- Thomas Jefferson, other delegates against federalists
What- they were against the Constitution and thought the federal government would raise taxes and get rid of states.
Where- USA
When- 18th century
Why- They were against the idea of the federal gov and didn’t like that there was no Bill of Rights with the Constitution
Federalists
Who- John Jay, Alexander Hamilton, James Madison
What- Wanted less power to the states and more power to a federal government.
Where- Newly made USA
When- 18th century
Why- They felt that the country would be unproductive and not well run without a federal government and that giving the states more power would get them nowhere as a nation.
The Federalist Papers
Who- John Jay, Alexander Hamilton, James Madison
What- Published a bunch of papers about federalism and explaining the Constitution and why people should support federalists.
Where- newly established USA
When- late 18th century
Why- The Federalists were afraid of not gaining support in certain states so they wrote these papers to explain the Constitution and why it was important. This was the Constitution’s defense.
Bill of Rights
Who- James Madison
What- The Bill of Rights makes amendments to the Constitution. It lays out the rights that the citizens of the new nation had.
Where- USA
When- 1789-1791
Why- There were gaps in the constitution that needed to be filled so they made the Bill of Rights to fill those gaps.
Hamilton’s Financial Plan
Who- Alexander Hamilton
What- His plan wanted the federal gov. to take on all of the state’s debts and public debts. In his mind if this happened then people would be more likely to borrow money from the federal gov making it so the gov would be getting money. he also wanted to raise taxes to pay off the debts of the states. He also wanted to create a national bank.
Where- Newly formed USA
When- late 18th century
Why- His plan would ensure that the federal government made it through rough financial times and would survive its early years. It also gave the country a strong banking system which they didn’t have at the time.
Republicans
Who- Thomas Jefferson
What- Supported more power to the states and to the normal people, not the rich and wealthy.
Where- Newly formed USA
When- 1790’s
Why- The Federalist appeared to be creating a more tyrannical structure of power and in response to that their opponents created a different political group called the Republicans.
Whiskey Rebellion
Who- George Washington, Alexander Hamilton, farmers in western PA
What- Farmers were rioting about having to pay a whiskey tax and were terrorizing the tax collectors to said tax.
Where- Western Pennsylvania
When- 1794
Why- It convinced states that were wavering against staying with the new Union that they should because it had a strong presence and force.
Neutrality Act
Who- George Washington
What- It made it illegal for any American to wage or threaten war against any country that America was at peace with.
Where- Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
When- April 22, 1793
Why- Washington issued this due to the fact that War in Europe was spreading and he wanted to remain truly neutral for as long as he could.
Pinckney’s Treaty
Who- Thomas Pinckney
What- This treaty made it so the USA could travel along the Mississippi River, trade in the port of New Orleans, redrew the Florida border, and made it so they had to prevent Indigenous raids into American territory
Where- Spain
When- 1795
Why- Spain was scared of the USA and Great Britain joining forces to take over the Spanish land in the Americas after the signing of Jays Treaty, so they signed Pinckney’s Treaty.
John Adams
Who- Founding Father, Second President
What- He was elected as the second president of the USA. He was not a very good politician but a very good diplomat.
Where- USA
When- October 30, 1735 - July 4, 1826
Why- He was elected president over Thomas Jefferson and was the presidential nominee for the Federalists, even though many didn’t like him.
Washington’s Farewell Address
Who- George Washington
What- His address to the country after serving two terms in office warned the young nation of things it should look out for.
Where- USA; in a newspaper column
When- Sept. 17, 1796
Why- He wanted to address the country formally and warn them about things as they grew as a nation.
Alien and Sedition Acts
Who- John Adams
What- The Alien Act extended the amount of time that a person had to live in the USA before becoming a citizen and made it so the President could remove foreigners if he wanted. The Sedition Act made it so no one could openly oppose the government without a punishment.
Where- Newly formed USA
When- 1798
Why- These Acts were able to pass because of an increased amount of Federalists in Congress due to the Quasi-War. THese Acts gave the government more control over the people in the country.
Quasi War
Who- John Adams, Messrs X Y Z, US ambassadors
What- The US cut off trade with France and started battling them out at sea. The conflict came to a close after France decided to consolidate because the US was starting to get closer to Great Britain.
Where- Atlantic Ocean, France, USA
When- 1798
Why- The new USA didn’t have a great relationship with France after they wouldn’t help them in their rev, so they would often kidnap American ships and imprison the crew aboard the ships.
Revolution of 1800
Who- James Madison, Thomas Jefferson, Arron Burr
What- During the election of 1800 there was a huge battle between the presidential candidates. In the end, Jefferson ended up being elected but not after he and Arron Burr tied in his party’s votes. This led to the House of Representatives being up to decide who would be president, where Jefferson would end up being elected.
Where- USA
When- 1800
Why- The candidates for this election were slim-picking and were being publicly slandered by the other candidates followers. This led to a lot more conflict in this election.
