Vocab Flashcards

Question

Try

Answer 1

whakamātau 1. (verb) (-hia -ria -tia) to attempt, try, experiment, cause to know, teach, tempt, try out, trial. Ka whakamātau anō au i ngā mea nunui (HP 1991:26). / I actually tried the large ones. 2. (verb) (-hia -ria -tia) to test, audition, examine - as in the examination of witness evidence. Hei reira ka whai wā te rōia mō tērā taha me te rōia mō te tamaiti ki te uiui i te kaitono - hei tauira, kia mārama rawa ai tētahi kōrero āna, kia whakamātautia rānei tāna kōrero mehemea kei te tika, mehemea rānei ko te katoa o ngā kōrero (RT 2013:110). / At that point the lawyer for the other side and the lawyer for the child had an opportunity to question the applicant - e.g. to clarify something he said, or to examine his account to see if it is correct or it is the total story.

Answer 2

whakahirahira 1. (verb) to extol, carry out with pomp. Whakahirahira rawa atu ngā whakahaeretanga mō tōna tangihanga (TTR 1994:83). / The conducting of his funeral rites was with much pomp. 2. (modifier) great, highly important, magnificent, wonderful, inspiring. Takoto mai, e koro, kia tangihia koe e ō iwi. Auē! Ka mau te punga here o te waka nei. Ka ngaro koe, te kaihautū, te kākākura o roto i te pōkai, te puhi o Aotearoa, te kura whakahirahira o Te Waipounamu, te mauri o te whenua, te mauri o te tangata, haere! Haere rā! (TP 7/1906:9) / Lie in state, sir, to be wept over by your people. Oh, dear! The anchor of this canoe is taken. You are gone, the fugleman, the leader of the flock, the adored one of the North Island, the important treasure of the South Island, the life force of the land and the people. Depart! Farewell! 3. (noun) grandeur, influence, prominence, greatness, importance, reputation, standing, eminence. I rongo katoa te motu i ngā kōrero mō Mananui – i tōna toa, i tōna whakahirahira, i ōna whakaaro rangatira (TTR 1990:187). / The whole country heard the accounts about Mananui - of his courage, of his influence and his noble ideas.

Answer 3

tūāhua (noun) adjective - adjective - a word that describes a person or thing or gives extra information about them. In Māori these words often come after he or after a noun, in which case they are called modifiers in this dictionary. They are often words that can also be used as nouns or verbs in other contexts, e.g. in the sentence 'He wahine tāroaroa ia.' (She is a tall woman.), tāroaroa is a tūāhua (adjective). He tangata humārie taku tāne. I tēnei kōrero ko te 'humārie' te tūāhua. / My husband is a handsome man. In this sentence, 'humārie (handsome)' is the adjective. (Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2):27, 57-59, 84, 99, 100;Te Kākano Study Guide (Ed. 1):40;Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2):107-108, 125;) tūāhua (noun) situation. Ka tangi rā te ngākau i tēnei tūāhua (HM 2/2009:10). / I was sad about this situation.

Answer 4

rahi 1. (verb) to be large, big, numerous, great, plentiful. Ka rahi haere te tāone o Ākarana ka uru atu ia ki ngā whakahaere (TTR 1990:210). / As the town of Auckland expanded he became involved in its affairs. 2. (modifier) big, large. Nā te kaha nui o te ngākau whakapuke, me te ihupiro ki ngā mahi kaute tētahi wāhi rahi tonu o aua mate (TTR 1996:104). / A big part of those problems was due to excessive enthusiasm and to inexperience in accounting. 3. (noun) size, greatness. Ka mea atu ētahi, “E Kupe! Pēnei pea te rahi me Hawaiki nei? Me Rarotonga, me Rangi-ātea me ērā atu motu?” (JPS 1914:191). / Others asked, “O Kupe! Is the size of the land the same as Hawaiki? Like Rarotonga and Rangi-ātea and the other islands?” 4. (noun) importance, important person, important people. He tangata atawhai nui ia ki te tāpae kai ki ngā tāngata katoa me ka tae ki tōna kāinga; e kore rawa hoki e tukua e ia te tira manuhiri kia haere ana, āpānoa kia takoto he hākari māna ki ia tangata ki ia tangata o rātou, te iti me te rahi (TWMNT 21/4/1874:95). / He was a generous person who provided food to everybody if they visited his village; he would never ever let a party of visitors leave until he had laid out a feast for each person, whether of lowly status or of importance. manawa rahi (modifier) steadfast, stout-hearted, tolerant, patient, unwavering, resolute, persistent, committed, dedicated, unswerving, staunch, dogged, tolerant. He ika manawa rahi te tuna. Ka rere tawhiti pāmamao ki te whakaputa uri māna. Ka mahue te noho mai ki te wai tata o Aotearoa nei (HJ 2017:69). / The eel is a stout-hearted fish. It travels to far off places to spawn. It does not remain in the coastal waters of Aotearoa/New Zealand. ōrite te rahi (adjective) equivalent in size. He ōrite te rahi o ēnei āhua e rua, arā, te horahanga, engari he rerekē te āhua (TRP 2010:183). / These two shapes are equivalent in size, that is the area, but are different in shape. Tawhiti-rahi (location) northernmost of the two main islands of Poor Knights Islands. kapu parahua rahi (noun) inflated cushion star, Stegnaster inflatus - a rare species of echinoderm, similar to the common cushion star, but larger, thicker, arched in the middle and more brilliantly coloured buff, orange, orange-vermilion, purple or greyish-green. Found from Hauraki Gulf to Timaru. kī-o-rahi (noun) a traditional ball game - played with a small round flax ball called a kī. Two teams of seven players, kaioma and taniwha, play on a circular field divided into zones, and score points by touching the pou (boundary markers) and hitting a central tupu, or target. The game is played with varying rules(e.g. number of people, size of field, tag ripping rules, etc.) depending on the geographic area it is played in. It is played for 4 quarters or 2 halves of a set time, teams alternate roles of kīoma and taniwha at 1/2 or 1/4 time.

Answer 5

whakahaere 1. (verb) (-a -hia -ngia -tia) to organise, cause to go, conduct, operate, lead, execute, direct, manage, control, administer, institute, implement, perform. Ka whakamārama hoki ia kua whakahaerea e tētahi rōpū he tikanga e tū ai he karapu (TKO 12/7/1918:8). / He also explained that a procedure had been instituted whereby a club could be established. 2. (noun) operation, organisation, control, administration. Heoi anō, nā te hiahia tonu o Timi Kara ki te puri i ngā whakahaere, ka tohua e ia he tiamana ki ngā poari e popore ana ki te rīhi (TTR 1994:13). / However, because of James Carroll's desire to hold onto control, he appointed chairmen to the boards who favoured leasing. tikanga whakahaere (noun) management practices. Nō te hokinga tuarua o Hōri Kerei hei kāwana, ka whakahē a Taratoa i tana tikanga whakahaere i te motu (TTR 1990:160). / During George Grey's second term as governor, Taratoa opposed his system of management of the country. rōpū whakahaere (noun) management group, organisational committee. He tūranga mātātoa tōna i roto i ngā rōpū whakahaere o te iwi kāinga (TTR 1996:141). / She had an active role in the management groups of her community. whakahaere tikanga 1. (verb) to direct, superintend, govern, reign, lead, control, manage, administer, oversee, supervise. Ko ia te Kīngi Māori tuatahi ki te tūtaki ki te Kīngi e whakahaere tikanga ana mō Peretānia i taua wā (TTR 1996:226). / He was the first Maori King to meet the reigning British King. 2. (modifier) directing, governing, reigning, leading, controlling, managing, administering, overseeing, supervising. Noho tonu tēnei āhua, hei tauira ki ngā rangatira whakahaere tikanga i roto i a Ngāti Porou - arā, te māia, me te ū ki te whakapono (TTR 1990:375). / This pattern would be characteristic of Ngāti Porou leadership during the 1860s - that is militancy and Christianity. utu whakahaere (noun) administrative cost, administration cost, expenses, overhead (financial). Ko ngā whenua ka tukua ki ngā poari kua oti te marohi ka riro tonu mā te kāwanatanga e whakahaere, ka pau ngā hua moni i ngā utu whakahaere a ngā poari, ka toe mai ko ngā ingoa anake i runga i te pepa a te hunga nō rātou te whenua (TTR 1994:53). / Land given up to the boards would effectively be controlled by the government, the boards' administration costs would swallow up the revenue, and all that would be left to the owners of the land would be their names on a piece of paper. whakahaere rauemi (noun) resource management. I tae mai ngā tāngata nō ngā tini whenua o te ao hei wānanga i te urunga atu o ngā iwi taketake ki ngā mahi tiaki taiao, whakahaere rauemi anō hoki. / People from around the world arrived to discuss indigenous people's involvement in conservation and resource management. whakahaere mamao (noun) remote control. He pūmanawa tēnei hei whakahaere mamao o tō rorohiko. / This is software for remote control of your computer. mana whakahaere (noun) governance, authority, jurisdiction, management, mandate, power. I runga i ngā whakatītina a ētahi tino rangatira Māori tonu nei, arā, a Timi Kara rāua ko Kererū, kua āta titiro ngā mana whakahaere i ngā mahi a Rua (TTR 1996:179). / On the encouragement of some high-standing Māori leaders, particularly James Carroll and Kererū, the authorities had maintained a close watch over Rua's activities. Ture Whakahaere Rawa (noun) Resource Management Act. ringa whakahaere wakahiki (noun) crane operator. ringa whakahaere tukuata (noun) projector operator. Whakahaere Whakangungu Ahumahi Industry Training Organisation, ITO. whakaaetanga whakahaere ngātahi (noun) joint management agreement. Ka hiahiatia he whakaaetanga whakahaere ngātahi ki waenganui i a Waikato-Tainui me te Waikato Regional Council, ā, ki waenganui hoki i a Waikato-Tainui me ngā māna whakahaere ā-rohe whānui (Special report in relation to the Waikato-Tainui Raupatu Claims (Waikato River) Settlement Bill 2010:5). / A joint management agreement was desired between Waikato-Tainui and the Waikato Regional Council, and also between Waikato-Tainui and the regional authorities. tuku mana whakahaere (noun) devolution. ringa whakahaere rerenga kupu (noun) auto-cue operator. Mana Whakahaere ā-Iwi (personal noun) Iwi Authority. I te marama o Whiringa-ā-rangi 1996, ka whakamihia e te Karauna te whakaaetanga tuku mana a te Mana Whakahaere ā-Iwi (Ngāti Mutunga Claims Settlement Bill). / In November 1996, the Crown acknowledged the deed of mandate of the Iwi Authority.

Answer 6

taumaha 1. (verb) to be heavy, very ill, serious (illness), ailing, severe, harsh, onerous. Me te kī atu anō a te kaiwhakawā, "Kia mōhio anō koe, ki te mahi tohunga anō koe i muri atu i tēnei, ka tae mai ai ki te aroaro o te Kōti, kātahi ka taumaha atu te whiu mōu." (TPH 9/11/1904:8). / And the judge also said, "You should know that if you practise tohungaism again after this, when you arrive before the Court then your punishment will be much more severe." 2. (verb) (-tia) to recite the taumaha ritual chant over food, etc. Ka taumahatia, ka karakiatia, kia noho ai te wairua tohunga ki roto i a ia (W 1971:399). / The taumaha ritual chant was recited so that the tohunga spirit would remain inside him. 3. (modifier) heavy, very ill, serious (illness), ailing. E whakawhetai ana te komiti ki te kaha o Mohi Tūrei ki te tuhi mai i ēnei kōrero i runga i tōna tuarā, i roto i ōna māuiuitanga taumaha (TP 9/1908:3). / The committee is grateful for Mohi Tūrei's energy in writing these accounts while on his back with his serious illnesses. 4. (noun) weight, heaviness, burden, seriousness (illness). Ka tae ki reira, kua hikitia e te mīhini kua riringitia ngā waiū ki roto i tētahi taika kaitā, kua tirohia te taumaha, kua tuhia ki roto i taku pukapuka (HP 1991:25). / When I arrived there, they were lifted by the machine and the milk was poured into a large tank, the weight was checked and written into my book. 5. (noun) incantation recited over food - when offered to the atua or for rendering food free from tapu. Karakia taumaha mō kā umu tapu (MT 2011:83). / Ritual chants for sacred ovens. ine taumaha 1. (verb) to weigh. 2. (noun) scale (for weighing). taumaha hārukiruki 1. (modifier) extremely heavy, extremely depressed, extremely difficult. I haere katoa ngā mahi i roto i te ngākau pai me te wairua ngahau, me te kite iho a ētahi he mahi taumaha hārukiruki tēnei mahi te whakamāori kōrero (HM 4/1998:6). / The work all went along good-naturedly and with an enjoyable spirit, but with some realising that this task of translation is a very difficult one. 2. (noun) extreme weight, extreme depression, extreme difficulty. Kua kore te kuia nei e makere i tō rātou waka, i te taumaha hārukiruki o te wairua (HM 3/1995:7). / This elderly woman could no longer climb out of their vehicle because of her extreme depression. kawenga taumaha (noun) heavy burden, encumbrance, obligation. Tokorua tahi rāua e waha ana i te kawenga taumaha (TTR 1994:176). / Two people together carrying a heavy burden. Ko Tā Āpirana Ngata: E tika ana kia kaha te tūpato ki ngā moni e whakapaua ana ki te taha Māori kei tahuri mai hei kawenga taumaha ki te Māori (TTT 1/11/1930). / Sir Āpirana Ngata: It's right to be very cautious with the funds being used for Māori affairs lest they become a burden for Māori. ine-taumaha (noun) scale (for measuring weight). ine-taumaha tāhiko (noun) electronic scale. whārite ine-taumaha (noun) balance (for measuring weight). He taputapu te whārite ine-taumaha hei ine i te taumaha, te papatipu rānei o tētahi mea. E rua ngā taha o te whārite ine-taumaha. Ka waiho te mea e inea ana ki tētahi taha, ā, ka hoatu he maihea ki tērā o ngā taha, kia noho ōrite ngā taha e rua (TRP 2010:332). / a balance is a piece of equipment for measuring the weight or mass of an object. There are two sides to a balance. The thing being measured is put on one side, and weights are put on the other until both sides are in balance (TRP 2010:332). whana ine-taumaha (noun) spring scale. ine-taumaha pūniko (noun) spring balance. hārukiruki (modifier) very, extremely, incredibly, awfully, exceptionally - an intensive used only after taumaha, taimaha and toimaha. I tanuku tōna tuarā i a ia e hiki ana i te poro rākau. He taimaha hārukiruki nō te poro rākau. / He sprained his back while he was lifting the log because the log was very heavy. rukuruku 1. (verb) to gather together, assemble. Kia rukuruku ngā rohe o Tūhoe ki runga o Te Tāpiri, kātahi ka whawhai ki a Ngāti Manawa (W 1971:351). / When the sections of Tūhoe are assembled on Te Tāpiri, then they should fight Ngāti Manawa. 2. (modifier) very, extremely - follows taumaha or its variants to intensify. He mahi taumaha rukuruku te whakamōhio i aku kaimahi kei te kati te toa nei, kua kore he mahi mā rātou i konei ā muri o te Kirihimete (HJ 2015:134). / It's a very difficult task informing my workers that this shop is closing and that there'll no longer be jobs for them after Christmas. rukiruki (modifier) very, extremely, incredibly, awfully, exceptionally - an intensive used only after taumaha, taimaha and toimaha. Whakaae tonu mai hoki tērā, tae rawa ake ki te tūnga o te hui i muri o te tina taumaha rukiruki te rōpū i te mōtini (TP 3/1912:5). / And they agreed so that when the meeting was finally started after lunch the group was overloaded with motions.

Answer 7

whirinaki 1. (noun) to lean, slant, slope, depend on, rely on. Torutoru noa ngā kuia, koroua hei whirinaki atu mā matou (HM 4/2008:3). / There were only a few elders for us to lean on. 2. (noun) leaning against, propping against. Ko tō mātou noho, he noho Māori i runga i ngā whāriki me te whirinaki ki ngā pou o te whare (TTT 1/1/1928:711). / The way we sat was in a Māori way on the mats and leaning against the wall posts of the house. pou whirinaki (noun) post to lean on, dependable person, pillar of support, reliable person. Heoi, ko te tangata i kīia rā e te kāwanatanga i te 1866, he pou whirinaki nō rātou, he hoa tūturu, he aha rā; nō 1871, kua tahuri kē ia ki te whakakore i ngā hoko whenua a te Karauna, a te tangata kotahi rānei (TTR 1990:51). / However, the man who in 1866 was regarded by government agents as reliable and a trusted friend, was by 1871 advocating the repudiation of all Crown and private land deals.

Answer 8

wehi 1. (verb) (-ngia) to be awesome, afraid, fear. Ko te take tuatoru i kore ai te Maori e tohu taonga he wehi nō te Maori kei kīia ia he hākere, he matapiko, he kaiponu (TP 7/1907:4). / The third reason that the Māori would not accumulate possessions is the fear that they might be said to be stingy, mean and covetous. 2. (verb) to be terrible. Ka wehi ngā kākahu o te wahine rā, tāwekoweko ana (W 1971:407). / The clothes of that woman are terrible, they're quite ragged. 3. (noun) dread, fear, something awesome, a response of awe in reaction to ihi. He mea whakairo hoki, he mea kōwhaiwhai, he mea tukutuku, hei pupuri i te ātanga, i te wehi, i te haratau o ērā taonga a ō tātau tīpuna i roto i tēnei o ngā whare o te Atua (TTT 1/12/1925:336). / And it was carved and decorated with rafter paintings and lattice-work to retain the beauty, awesomeness and relevance of those treasures of our ancestors in this particular house of God. ngārara wehi (noun) leather-leaf fern, Pyrrosia eleagnifolia - scrambling or climbing native fern with thick and leathery, tongue-like fronds from almost round to long and strap-like. Undersides pale and downy. Edges curled under. Common on trees and rocks in native forest and exposed coast. wehi nā oh my goodness, oh my god, that's amazing - an idiom to express amazement and surprise at something. Pare: I whiwhi tohu te tamaiti a Kahu i te whakataetae Manu Kōrero. Rangi: Wehi nā,/b>! Ko tērā he tamaiti nohopuku i te nuinga o te wā (HKK 1999:118). / Pare: Kahu's son obtained an award at the Manu Kōrero speech competitions. Rangi: That's amazing! That's a boy who is silent most of the time. ka mau te wehi! how terrible! how terrific! fantastic! awesome! how frightening - often used to praise something or someone's work. Sometimes also used to express the opposite or to express awe, amazement or fear. Ka mau te wehi o ngā waituhi a Ralph Hōtere. / Ralph Hōtere's paintings are fantastic. (Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2):106;Te Pihinga Audio Tapes/CDs (Ed. 2):exercise 40;Te Kōhure Textbook (Ed. 2):196;)

Answer 9

whakamātau 1. (verb) (-hia -ria -tia) to attempt, try, experiment, cause to know, teach, tempt, try out, trial. Ka whakamātau anō au i ngā mea nunui (HP 1991:26). / I actually tried the large ones. 2. (verb) (-hia -ria -tia) to test, audition, examine - as in the examination of witness evidence. Hei reira ka whai wā te rōia mō tērā taha me te rōia mō te tamaiti ki te uiui i te kaitono - hei tauira, kia mārama rawa ai tētahi kōrero āna, kia whakamātautia rānei tāna kōrero mehemea kei te tika, mehemea rānei ko te katoa o ngā kōrero (RT 2013:110). / At that point the lawyer for the other side and the lawyer for the child had an opportunity to question the applicant - e.g. to clarify something he said, or to examine his account to see if it is correct or it is the total story.

Answer 10

whakahirahira 1. (verb) to extol, carry out with pomp. Whakahirahira rawa atu ngā whakahaeretanga mō tōna tangihanga (TTR 1994:83). / The conducting of his funeral rites was with much pomp. 2. (modifier) great, highly important, magnificent, wonderful, inspiring. Takoto mai, e koro, kia tangihia koe e ō iwi. Auē! Ka mau te punga here o te waka nei. Ka ngaro koe, te kaihautū, te kākākura o roto i te pōkai, te puhi o Aotearoa, te kura whakahirahira o Te Waipounamu, te mauri o te whenua, te mauri o te tangata, haere! Haere rā! (TP 7/1906:9) / Lie in state, sir, to be wept over by your people. Oh, dear! The anchor of this canoe is taken. You are gone, the fugleman, the leader of the flock, the adored one of the North Island, the important treasure of the South Island, the life force of the land and the people. Depart! Farewell! 3. (noun) grandeur, influence, prominence, greatness, importance, reputation, standing, eminence. I rongo katoa te motu i ngā kōrero mō Mananui – i tōna toa, i tōna whakahirahira, i ōna whakaaro rangatira (TTR 1990:187). / The whole country heard the accounts about Mananui - of his courage, of his influence and his noble ideas.

Answer 11

tūāhua (noun) adjective - adjective - a word that describes a person or thing or gives extra information about them. In Māori these words often come after he or after a noun, in which case they are called modifiers in this dictionary. They are often words that can also be used as nouns or verbs in other contexts, e.g. in the sentence 'He wahine tāroaroa ia.' (She is a tall woman.), tāroaroa is a tūāhua (adjective). He tangata humārie taku tāne. I tēnei kōrero ko te 'humārie' te tūāhua. / My husband is a handsome man. In this sentence, 'humārie (handsome)' is the adjective. (Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2):27, 57-59, 84, 99, 100;Te Kākano Study Guide (Ed. 1):40;Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2):107-108, 125;) tūāhua (noun) situation. Ka tangi rā te ngākau i tēnei tūāhua (HM 2/2009:10). / I was sad about this situation.

Answer 12

rahi 1. (verb) to be large, big, numerous, great, plentiful. Ka rahi haere te tāone o Ākarana ka uru atu ia ki ngā whakahaere (TTR 1990:210). / As the town of Auckland expanded he became involved in its affairs. 2. (modifier) big, large. Nā te kaha nui o te ngākau whakapuke, me te ihupiro ki ngā mahi kaute tētahi wāhi rahi tonu o aua mate (TTR 1996:104). / A big part of those problems was due to excessive enthusiasm and to inexperience in accounting. 3. (noun) size, greatness. Ka mea atu ētahi, “E Kupe! Pēnei pea te rahi me Hawaiki nei? Me Rarotonga, me Rangi-ātea me ērā atu motu?” (JPS 1914:191). / Others asked, “O Kupe! Is the size of the land the same as Hawaiki? Like Rarotonga and Rangi-ātea and the other islands?” 4. (noun) importance, important person, important people. He tangata atawhai nui ia ki te tāpae kai ki ngā tāngata katoa me ka tae ki tōna kāinga; e kore rawa hoki e tukua e ia te tira manuhiri kia haere ana, āpānoa kia takoto he hākari māna ki ia tangata ki ia tangata o rātou, te iti me te rahi (TWMNT 21/4/1874:95). / He was a generous person who provided food to everybody if they visited his village; he would never ever let a party of visitors leave until he had laid out a feast for each person, whether of lowly status or of importance. manawa rahi (modifier) steadfast, stout-hearted, tolerant, patient, unwavering, resolute, persistent, committed, dedicated, unswerving, staunch, dogged, tolerant. He ika manawa rahi te tuna. Ka rere tawhiti pāmamao ki te whakaputa uri māna. Ka mahue te noho mai ki te wai tata o Aotearoa nei (HJ 2017:69). / The eel is a stout-hearted fish. It travels to far off places to spawn. It does not remain in the coastal waters of Aotearoa/New Zealand. ōrite te rahi (adjective) equivalent in size. He ōrite te rahi o ēnei āhua e rua, arā, te horahanga, engari he rerekē te āhua (TRP 2010:183). / These two shapes are equivalent in size, that is the area, but are different in shape. Tawhiti-rahi (location) northernmost of the two main islands of Poor Knights Islands. kapu parahua rahi (noun) inflated cushion star, Stegnaster inflatus - a rare species of echinoderm, similar to the common cushion star, but larger, thicker, arched in the middle and more brilliantly coloured buff, orange, orange-vermilion, purple or greyish-green. Found from Hauraki Gulf to Timaru. kī-o-rahi (noun) a traditional ball game - played with a small round flax ball called a kī. Two teams of seven players, kaioma and taniwha, play on a circular field divided into zones, and score points by touching the pou (boundary markers) and hitting a central tupu, or target. The game is played with varying rules(e.g. number of people, size of field, tag ripping rules, etc.) depending on the geographic area it is played in. It is played for 4 quarters or 2 halves of a set time, teams alternate roles of kīoma and taniwha at 1/2 or 1/4 time.

Answer 13

whakahaere 1. (verb) (-a -hia -ngia -tia) to organise, cause to go, conduct, operate, lead, execute, direct, manage, control, administer, institute, implement, perform. Ka whakamārama hoki ia kua whakahaerea e tētahi rōpū he tikanga e tū ai he karapu (TKO 12/7/1918:8). / He also explained that a procedure had been instituted whereby a club could be established. 2. (noun) operation, organisation, control, administration. Heoi anō, nā te hiahia tonu o Timi Kara ki te puri i ngā whakahaere, ka tohua e ia he tiamana ki ngā poari e popore ana ki te rīhi (TTR 1994:13). / However, because of James Carroll's desire to hold onto control, he appointed chairmen to the boards who favoured leasing. tikanga whakahaere (noun) management practices. Nō te hokinga tuarua o Hōri Kerei hei kāwana, ka whakahē a Taratoa i tana tikanga whakahaere i te motu (TTR 1990:160). / During George Grey's second term as governor, Taratoa opposed his system of management of the country. rōpū whakahaere (noun) management group, organisational committee. He tūranga mātātoa tōna i roto i ngā rōpū whakahaere o te iwi kāinga (TTR 1996:141). / She had an active role in the management groups of her community. whakahaere tikanga 1. (verb) to direct, superintend, govern, reign, lead, control, manage, administer, oversee, supervise. Ko ia te Kīngi Māori tuatahi ki te tūtaki ki te Kīngi e whakahaere tikanga ana mō Peretānia i taua wā (TTR 1996:226). / He was the first Maori King to meet the reigning British King. 2. (modifier) directing, governing, reigning, leading, controlling, managing, administering, overseeing, supervising. Noho tonu tēnei āhua, hei tauira ki ngā rangatira whakahaere tikanga i roto i a Ngāti Porou - arā, te māia, me te ū ki te whakapono (TTR 1990:375). / This pattern would be characteristic of Ngāti Porou leadership during the 1860s - that is militancy and Christianity. utu whakahaere (noun) administrative cost, administration cost, expenses, overhead (financial). Ko ngā whenua ka tukua ki ngā poari kua oti te marohi ka riro tonu mā te kāwanatanga e whakahaere, ka pau ngā hua moni i ngā utu whakahaere a ngā poari, ka toe mai ko ngā ingoa anake i runga i te pepa a te hunga nō rātou te whenua (TTR 1994:53). / Land given up to the boards would effectively be controlled by the government, the boards' administration costs would swallow up the revenue, and all that would be left to the owners of the land would be their names on a piece of paper. whakahaere rauemi (noun) resource management. I tae mai ngā tāngata nō ngā tini whenua o te ao hei wānanga i te urunga atu o ngā iwi taketake ki ngā mahi tiaki taiao, whakahaere rauemi anō hoki. / People from around the world arrived to discuss indigenous people's involvement in conservation and resource management. whakahaere mamao (noun) remote control. He pūmanawa tēnei hei whakahaere mamao o tō rorohiko. / This is software for remote control of your computer. mana whakahaere (noun) governance, authority, jurisdiction, management, mandate, power. I runga i ngā whakatītina a ētahi tino rangatira Māori tonu nei, arā, a Timi Kara rāua ko Kererū, kua āta titiro ngā mana whakahaere i ngā mahi a Rua (TTR 1996:179). / On the encouragement of some high-standing Māori leaders, particularly James Carroll and Kererū, the authorities had maintained a close watch over Rua's activities. Ture Whakahaere Rawa (noun) Resource Management Act. ringa whakahaere wakahiki (noun) crane operator. ringa whakahaere tukuata (noun) projector operator. Whakahaere Whakangungu Ahumahi Industry Training Organisation, ITO. whakaaetanga whakahaere ngātahi (noun) joint management agreement. Ka hiahiatia he whakaaetanga whakahaere ngātahi ki waenganui i a Waikato-Tainui me te Waikato Regional Council, ā, ki waenganui hoki i a Waikato-Tainui me ngā māna whakahaere ā-rohe whānui (Special report in relation to the Waikato-Tainui Raupatu Claims (Waikato River) Settlement Bill 2010:5). / A joint management agreement was desired between Waikato-Tainui and the Waikato Regional Council, and also between Waikato-Tainui and the regional authorities. tuku mana whakahaere (noun) devolution. ringa whakahaere rerenga kupu (noun) auto-cue operator. Mana Whakahaere ā-Iwi (personal noun) Iwi Authority. I te marama o Whiringa-ā-rangi 1996, ka whakamihia e te Karauna te whakaaetanga tuku mana a te Mana Whakahaere ā-Iwi (Ngāti Mutunga Claims Settlement Bill). / In November 1996, the Crown acknowledged the deed of mandate of the Iwi Authority.

Answer 14

taumaha 1. (verb) to be heavy, very ill, serious (illness), ailing, severe, harsh, onerous. Me te kī atu anō a te kaiwhakawā, "Kia mōhio anō koe, ki te mahi tohunga anō koe i muri atu i tēnei, ka tae mai ai ki te aroaro o te Kōti, kātahi ka taumaha atu te whiu mōu." (TPH 9/11/1904:8). / And the judge also said, "You should know that if you practise tohungaism again after this, when you arrive before the Court then your punishment will be much more severe." 2. (verb) (-tia) to recite the taumaha ritual chant over food, etc. Ka taumahatia, ka karakiatia, kia noho ai te wairua tohunga ki roto i a ia (W 1971:399). / The taumaha ritual chant was recited so that the tohunga spirit would remain inside him. 3. (modifier) heavy, very ill, serious (illness), ailing. E whakawhetai ana te komiti ki te kaha o Mohi Tūrei ki te tuhi mai i ēnei kōrero i runga i tōna tuarā, i roto i ōna māuiuitanga taumaha (TP 9/1908:3). / The committee is grateful for Mohi Tūrei's energy in writing these accounts while on his back with his serious illnesses. 4. (noun) weight, heaviness, burden, seriousness (illness). Ka tae ki reira, kua hikitia e te mīhini kua riringitia ngā waiū ki roto i tētahi taika kaitā, kua tirohia te taumaha, kua tuhia ki roto i taku pukapuka (HP 1991:25). / When I arrived there, they were lifted by the machine and the milk was poured into a large tank, the weight was checked and written into my book. 5. (noun) incantation recited over food - when offered to the atua or for rendering food free from tapu. Karakia taumaha mō kā umu tapu (MT 2011:83). / Ritual chants for sacred ovens. ine taumaha 1. (verb) to weigh. 2. (noun) scale (for weighing). taumaha hārukiruki 1. (modifier) extremely heavy, extremely depressed, extremely difficult. I haere katoa ngā mahi i roto i te ngākau pai me te wairua ngahau, me te kite iho a ētahi he mahi taumaha hārukiruki tēnei mahi te whakamāori kōrero (HM 4/1998:6). / The work all went along good-naturedly and with an enjoyable spirit, but with some realising that this task of translation is a very difficult one. 2. (noun) extreme weight, extreme depression, extreme difficulty. Kua kore te kuia nei e makere i tō rātou waka, i te taumaha hārukiruki o te wairua (HM 3/1995:7). / This elderly woman could no longer climb out of their vehicle because of her extreme depression. kawenga taumaha (noun) heavy burden, encumbrance, obligation. Tokorua tahi rāua e waha ana i te kawenga taumaha (TTR 1994:176). / Two people together carrying a heavy burden. Ko Tā Āpirana Ngata: E tika ana kia kaha te tūpato ki ngā moni e whakapaua ana ki te taha Māori kei tahuri mai hei kawenga taumaha ki te Māori (TTT 1/11/1930). / Sir Āpirana Ngata: It's right to be very cautious with the funds being used for Māori affairs lest they become a burden for Māori. ine-taumaha (noun) scale (for measuring weight). ine-taumaha tāhiko (noun) electronic scale. whārite ine-taumaha (noun) balance (for measuring weight). He taputapu te whārite ine-taumaha hei ine i te taumaha, te papatipu rānei o tētahi mea. E rua ngā taha o te whārite ine-taumaha. Ka waiho te mea e inea ana ki tētahi taha, ā, ka hoatu he maihea ki tērā o ngā taha, kia noho ōrite ngā taha e rua (TRP 2010:332). / a balance is a piece of equipment for measuring the weight or mass of an object. There are two sides to a balance. The thing being measured is put on one side, and weights are put on the other until both sides are in balance (TRP 2010:332). whana ine-taumaha (noun) spring scale. ine-taumaha pūniko (noun) spring balance. hārukiruki (modifier) very, extremely, incredibly, awfully, exceptionally - an intensive used only after taumaha, taimaha and toimaha. I tanuku tōna tuarā i a ia e hiki ana i te poro rākau. He taimaha hārukiruki nō te poro rākau. / He sprained his back while he was lifting the log because the log was very heavy. rukuruku 1. (verb) to gather together, assemble. Kia rukuruku ngā rohe o Tūhoe ki runga o Te Tāpiri, kātahi ka whawhai ki a Ngāti Manawa (W 1971:351). / When the sections of Tūhoe are assembled on Te Tāpiri, then they should fight Ngāti Manawa. 2. (modifier) very, extremely - follows taumaha or its variants to intensify. He mahi taumaha rukuruku te whakamōhio i aku kaimahi kei te kati te toa nei, kua kore he mahi mā rātou i konei ā muri o te Kirihimete (HJ 2015:134). / It's a very difficult task informing my workers that this shop is closing and that there'll no longer be jobs for them after Christmas. rukiruki (modifier) very, extremely, incredibly, awfully, exceptionally - an intensive used only after taumaha, taimaha and toimaha. Whakaae tonu mai hoki tērā, tae rawa ake ki te tūnga o te hui i muri o te tina taumaha rukiruki te rōpū i te mōtini (TP 3/1912:5). / And they agreed so that when the meeting was finally started after lunch the group was overloaded with motions.

Answer 15

whirinaki 1. (noun) to lean, slant, slope, depend on, rely on. Torutoru noa ngā kuia, koroua hei whirinaki atu mā matou (HM 4/2008:3). / There were only a few elders for us to lean on. 2. (noun) leaning against, propping against. Ko tō mātou noho, he noho Māori i runga i ngā whāriki me te whirinaki ki ngā pou o te whare (TTT 1/1/1928:711). / The way we sat was in a Māori way on the mats and leaning against the wall posts of the house. pou whirinaki (noun) post to lean on, dependable person, pillar of support, reliable person. Heoi, ko te tangata i kīia rā e te kāwanatanga i te 1866, he pou whirinaki nō rātou, he hoa tūturu, he aha rā; nō 1871, kua tahuri kē ia ki te whakakore i ngā hoko whenua a te Karauna, a te tangata kotahi rānei (TTR 1990:51). / However, the man who in 1866 was regarded by government agents as reliable and a trusted friend, was by 1871 advocating the repudiation of all Crown and private land deals.

Answer 16

wehi 1. (verb) (-ngia) to be awesome, afraid, fear. Ko te take tuatoru i kore ai te Maori e tohu taonga he wehi nō te Maori kei kīia ia he hākere, he matapiko, he kaiponu (TP 7/1907:4). / The third reason that the Māori would not accumulate possessions is the fear that they might be said to be stingy, mean and covetous. 2. (verb) to be terrible. Ka wehi ngā kākahu o te wahine rā, tāwekoweko ana (W 1971:407). / The clothes of that woman are terrible, they're quite ragged. 3. (noun) dread, fear, something awesome, a response of awe in reaction to ihi. He mea whakairo hoki, he mea kōwhaiwhai, he mea tukutuku, hei pupuri i te ātanga, i te wehi, i te haratau o ērā taonga a ō tātau tīpuna i roto i tēnei o ngā whare o te Atua (TTT 1/12/1925:336). / And it was carved and decorated with rafter paintings and lattice-work to retain the beauty, awesomeness and relevance of those treasures of our ancestors in this particular house of God. ngārara wehi (noun) leather-leaf fern, Pyrrosia eleagnifolia - scrambling or climbing native fern with thick and leathery, tongue-like fronds from almost round to long and strap-like. Undersides pale and downy. Edges curled under. Common on trees and rocks in native forest and exposed coast. wehi nā oh my goodness, oh my god, that's amazing - an idiom to express amazement and surprise at something. Pare: I whiwhi tohu te tamaiti a Kahu i te whakataetae Manu Kōrero. Rangi: Wehi nā,/b>! Ko tērā he tamaiti nohopuku i te nuinga o te wā (HKK 1999:118). / Pare: Kahu's son obtained an award at the Manu Kōrero speech competitions. Rangi: That's amazing! That's a boy who is silent most of the time. ka mau te wehi! how terrible! how terrific! fantastic! awesome! how frightening - often used to praise something or someone's work. Sometimes also used to express the opposite or to express awe, amazement or fear. Ka mau te wehi o ngā waituhi a Ralph Hōtere. / Ralph Hōtere's paintings are fantastic. (Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2):106;Te Pihinga Audio Tapes/CDs (Ed. 2):exercise 40;Te Kōhure Textbook (Ed. 2):196;)

Answer 17

pōhēhē 1. (verb) (-tia) to misunderstand, think mistakenly. I pōhēhē au nō te tau 1943 i wera ai, ā, i rāwāhi au i taua wā (HP 1991:6). / I thought mistakenly that it was burnt down in 1943 - I was overseas at that time. He kiritea tōna konohi, ā, ka pōhēhētia he hāwhe-kāehe ia (HP 1991:24). / His face was fair-skinned and he was mistaken for a half-caste. 2. (verb) to be at one's wit's end, bewildered, perplexed. Nāwai ā, kua pōhēhē noa iho ngā whakaaro kua pōrauraha noa iho, kātahi ka āhua ngāwari te hau, ka paneke hoki te haere o ā rātou poti, kāore hoki i roa ka kitea e rātou te whenua (TWMNT 17/11/1874:284). / After a time they became bewildered and confused and then the wind abated somewhat and their boats made progress and it wasn't long before they saw land. 3. (modifier) mistaken, in error, confused, deluded, perplexed, misguided. Me whakaaro nui, me tūpato hoki, kei pēhia te tika e te whakaaro o te hunga pōauau, kei raru te whenua katoa i te turekore, i te hē, i runga i te mahi wairangi a ētahi tāngata whakaaro pōhēhē (MM.TKM 14/7/1860:12). / And take heed that the councils of the foolish do not prevail, and that the whole country is not thrown into anarchy and confusion by the folly of a few misguided men. 4. (noun) mistake, error, misunderstanding, blunder. Ka whakaaro ake au kāore e pahure i taku tama te hiki i te pouaka āporo, engari e, nōku tēnā pōhēhē. / I thought that my son wouldn't be able to lift the box of apples, but that was my blunder. tēnā pōhēhē tēnā you're so mistaken, that's totally incorrect, that's a load of rubbish, you're so wrong, yeah right - an idiom suggesting that in the opinion of the speaker the statement is incorrect. Pōhēhē can be replaced by other similar words, e.g. whakaaro, rūkahu, wawata, kimikimi. Pare: E kī ana te Pākehā kāore i āta whakaritea te hekenga nui o ngā waka ki Aotearoa. Rangi: Tēnā pōhēhē tēnā! (HKK 1999:65) / Pare: The Pākehā say that the great migration of the canoes to Aotearoa/New Zealand was not deliberately organised. Rangi: That's totally incorrect!

Answer 18

marea 1. (verb) to be many. A mea ana rātou, ko te kite kau koa o te kanohi i te āhua o aua moni £1500, he mea kia marea (TW 27/11/1875:390). / And they said that when they saw the actual money that is should be increased. 2. (noun) multitude. Tukua atu au kia rere rā, hai kata mā te marea (JPS 1897:45). / Let me move forward, to be laughed at by the multitude. 3. (noun) common people, public. Ka whai wāhi te marea ki te taha moana, taha awa rānei o te rohe o Taupō, kotahi tīni (22 iāri) te whānui huri noa (TTR 1998:198). / The public would have access to the shore of the lake or the river banks of Taupō one chain (22 yards) wide right around. ahurea o te marea (noun) popular culture.

Answer 19

pōkākā 1. (adjective) stormy, hot. Ka huakina ngā wini, he pōkākā rawa nō te whare (PK 2008:655). / The windows were opened because the house was too hot. 2. (noun) storm, squall, heat. He hau tino kino te pōkākā, engari mō tētahi wā poto. / The pōkākā is a strong wind but is short-lived. 3. (noun) pōkākā, Elaeocarpus hookerianus - a canopy tree found in lowland to montane forest with a trubk up to 1 m diameter. This tree has a distinct juvenile form which has twisted, interlacing branches with scattered narrow oval leaves (5cm x 6mm), the leaves have saw like teeth on the margins. Adult leaves are narrow-oblong (3-11cm x 1-3cm) are leathery and have a prominent mid vein and blunt serrations on the margins. Little pale yellow flowers. The fruit is a purplish oval drupe about 8mm long. Greyish white bark. I a rātau e kimi ana i te āhua o ia tū rākau, o ia tū otaota o rō ngahere, o te pākihi, o rō o ngā awaawa ka tūpono rātau ki te kōrau, ki te pūhā, ki te aruhe, ki te pikopiko, ki te mataī, ki te kahika, ki te tutu-papa, ki te kāuka, ki te mamaku, ki te kōnini, ki te poniu, ki te aka kōareare, ki te whīnau, ki te pōkākā, ki te kiekie (JPS 1928:179). / While they were engaged in seeking to ascertain the nature of each kind of tree and plant of the forest, the open country, and in the valleys, they came upon the kōrau, edible herbs, fern root, young fronds of the common shield fern, berries of mataī, white pine, tutu-papa, cabbage tree, black tree-fern, the fuchsia, poniu, raupō roots, whīnau, pōkākā and kiekie. pūngao pōkākā (noun) heat energy. Ko te mahi a te pūngao pōkākā he whakapiki i te paemahana o tētahi mea, hewhakarewa, he whakakā, he whakakoropupū rānei (RP 2009:357). / Heat energy raises the temperature of something to melt, burn, or boil it. hihi pōkākā (noun) infrared ray, infrared radiation.

Answer 20

hipa 1. (verb) to be passed. Nā tēnei hui i kite ai au nei i ōku hoa tawhito o roto i ngā tau e 30 ka hipa nei (TKO 30/6/1920:5). / It was because of this gathering that I saw my old friends from the past 30 years. 2. (verb) to pass by. I tētahi Rātapu ka hipa i tō mātau kāinga e haere ana ki te wharehokohoko i Nūhaka rā anō (HP 1991:31). / One Sunday it passed our home going to the store at Nūhaka. 3. (noun) past. hīpae (verb) to be broadside on, across. Me hīpae te takoto o te rākau (W 1971:52). / The tree should lie broadside on. Maihāroa, Hipa Te (personal name) (?-1885/86) Ngāi Tahu, Waitaha, Ngāti Māmoe; leader, tohunga and prophet, he and his followers established a new settlement called Te Ao Mārama (Ōmārama) where he sought to protect his community from Pākehā influence. He fought a long campaign to regain lost Ngāi Tahu lands.

Answer 21

pōkākā 1. (adjective) stormy, hot. Ka huakina ngā wini, he pōkākā rawa nō te whare (PK 2008:655). / The windows were opened because the house was too hot. 2. (noun) storm, squall, heat. He hau tino kino te pōkākā, engari mō tētahi wā poto. / The pōkākā is a strong wind but is short-lived. 3. (noun) pōkākā, Elaeocarpus hookerianus - a canopy tree found in lowland to montane forest with a trubk up to 1 m diameter. This tree has a distinct juvenile form which has twisted, interlacing branches with scattered narrow oval leaves (5cm x 6mm), the leaves have saw like teeth on the margins. Adult leaves are narrow-oblong (3-11cm x 1-3cm) are leathery and have a prominent mid vein and blunt serrations on the margins. Little pale yellow flowers. The fruit is a purplish oval drupe about 8mm long. Greyish white bark. I a rātau e kimi ana i te āhua o ia tū rākau, o ia tū otaota o rō ngahere, o te pākihi, o rō o ngā awaawa ka tūpono rātau ki te kōrau, ki te pūhā, ki te aruhe, ki te pikopiko, ki te mataī, ki te kahika, ki te tutu-papa, ki te kāuka, ki te mamaku, ki te kōnini, ki te poniu, ki te aka kōareare, ki te whīnau, ki te pōkākā, ki te kiekie (JPS 1928:179). / While they were engaged in seeking to ascertain the nature of each kind of tree and plant of the forest, the open country, and in the valleys, they came upon the kōrau, edible herbs, fern root, young fronds of the common shield fern, berries of mataī, white pine, tutu-papa, cabbage tree, black tree-fern, the fuchsia, poniu, raupō roots, whīnau, pōkākā and kiekie. pūngao pōkākā (noun) heat energy. Ko te mahi a te pūngao pōkākā he whakapiki i te paemahana o tētahi mea, hewhakarewa, he whakakā, he whakakoropupū rānei (RP 2009:357). / Heat energy raises the temperature of something to melt, burn, or boil it. hihi pōkākā (noun) infrared ray, infrared radiation.

Answer 22

hōtoke 1. (verb) to be cold. Ka hōtoke ngā kai (W 1971:62). / The food will be cold. 2. (noun) winter. Ahakoa te kino o ngā rā o te hōtoke o tērā tau, e 40 anake ngā hōkete i toromi i te waipuketanga o te awa (TRA 1/1/1929:914). / Despite the bad weather in winter last year, only 40 hoggets drowned when the river flooded. moe hōtoke 1. (verb) to hibernate. Moe hōtoke ai ētahi kīrehe mō ngā marama makariri o te takurua. / Some animals hibernate for the cold months of winter. 2. (noun) hibernation. Nā te kaha makariri o te takurua i ētahi whenua, ko te moe hōtoke he huarahi kia ora ai ngā kīrehe, pērā i te pea. / Because the winter is so cold in some countries, hibernation is a way for animals, such as the bear, to survive.

Answer 23

hukihuki 1. (verb) (-a) to roast on a spit. Hukihukia te ngohi (W 1971:68). / Roast the fish on a spit. 2. (verb) to be unfinished, incomplete. I whakarērea e ia tāna mahi, he mea waiho kia hukihuki noa (RTA 2014:92). / He abandoned his task, leaving it unfinished. 3. (modifier) unfinished, incomplete, partial. Nō tana oranga mai, ka mahi a Pēneti ki raro i a Meiha Tianara Howard Kippenberger i te Puna Kōrero Tuku Iho mō te Pakanga o te Tari Taiwhenua, e tuhi ana i tētehi tuhinga hukihuki mō te hītori o te hokowhitu Māori (TTR 2000). / After his recovery Bennett worked under Major General Howard Kippenberger with the War History Branch of the Department of Internal Affairs writing the draft of the Māori Battalion’s history. 4. (noun) spit for roasting food. Me tunu tā tātou manu ki te hukihuki (PK 2008:151). / Our bird should be cooked on a spit. 5. (noun) draft, unfinished document, unfinished sample. Ko te korowai i tukuna e koe, haere hukahuka ana (W 1971:68). / The korowai cloak that you sent came as a sample. 6. (noun) convulsion, spasm, twitch, seizure. I a ia i te tangihanga mō te pouaru a Hopere, ka pāngia a ia e te hukihuki ohorere (TTR 1996:268). / While attending the funeral of Hopere's widow, he suffered a seizure. 7. (noun) swamp coprosma, Coprosma tenuicaulis - shrub up to 3 m tall with slender spreading branches often interlaced giving a twiggy appearance. Small leaves with a network of veins evident on both sides. Small round drupes are black. pakaua hukihuki (noun) tetanus - bacterial disease affecting the nervous system and marked by rigidity and spasms of the voluntary muscles. Heoi ki ētahi whakaaro ko ngā mate i pā pea ki a rātou ko te niumōnia, te pakaua hukihuki, mate kaikōiwi me ngā tūmomo hakihaki (Te Ara 2016). / However according to some theories the illnesses that probably affected them were pneumonia, tetanus, rheumatoid arthritis and various skin diseases. mate hukihuki (noun) epilepsy. I ēnei rangi kua hori ake nei, i te uiuinga i te take o te mate o tētahi tamaiti i mate ki Tamihana Tiriti, Pōneke, kitea iho ko te take o te mate, he mate hukihuki (TPH 1/11/1898:4). / In recent days the investigation as to the reason for the death of a child in Thompson Street, Wellington, has found that the reason for the death was epilepsy. tuhinga hukihuki (noun) draft, preliminary version, preliminary writing. Nō tana oranga mai, ka mahi a Pēneti ki raro i a Meiha Tianara Howard Kippenberger i te Puna Kōrero Tuku Iho mō te Pakanga o te Tari Taiwhenua, e tuhi ana i tētehi tuhinga hukihuki mō te hītori o te hokowhitu Māori (TTR 2000:19). / After his recovery Bennett worked under Major General Howard Kippenberger on the draft of the Māori Battalion’s history with the War History Branch of the Department of Internal Affairs.

Answer 24

rautaki 1. (modifier) strategic, intelligence. I a ia i Awherika ki te Raki me Itari, he tono tonu mai te mahi i a ia ki te kohi, ki te whakatau rānei i ngā rongo rautaki, i mua i te kōkiritanga atu o tā rātau ope taua matua (TTR 2000:50). / While he was in North Africa and Italy he was often required to collect and report intelligence information prior to the advance of their main battalion. 2. (noun) strategy. Ka noho te rangatira o taua iwi rā ki te whakataka rautaki hopu, whakamate i te taniwha rā (Te Ara 2013). / The chief of the tribe sat down to prepare a strategy to capture and kill the taniwha. rautaki paheko (noun) operational strategy. Ko te rautaki paheko: He mea nui i roto i te mahi pāngarau te whakamārama i te huarahi i tae atu ai te tamaiti ki tana whakautu. Mā konei e pakari ai tōna reo me tōna hinengaro whakaaro whaitake (TRP 2010:361). / Operational strategy: In mathematics it is important for children to explain how they achieved an answer to a particular problem. This helps to strengthen their language and mathematical reasoning (TRP 2010:361). rautaki āhuahanga (noun) geometric strategy. He ara te rautaki āhuahanga e oti ai tētahi rapanga, mā te whiriwhiri i te āhuahanga e hāngai ana ki te rapanga (TRP 2010:236). / The geometric strategy is a method of solving a problem by using relevant geometric properties (TRP 2010:236). rautaki tāpiripiri (noun) additive strategy. rautaki tatau (noun) counting strategy. rautaki taurangi (noun) algebraic strategy. rautaki whakarea (noun) multiplicative strategy. mahere rautaki (noun) strategic plan. Me mōhio anō ki te whakatakoto mahere rautaki, me te whakahaere i tētahi tari pakupaku he nui ōna āhuatanga matatini (HM 1/1999). / They must also know how to set out a strategic plan and administer a small department with its complex functions. rautaki whakarōpū (noun) grouping strategy. He ara te rautaki whakarōpū e oti ai tētahi whakareatanga, tētahi whakawehenga rānei, arā, ko te wāwāhi tau ki ētahi rōpū māmā (TRP 2010:239). / The grouping strategy is a way of solving multiplication or division, where numbers are partitioned into simpler groups (TRP 2010:239). rautaki wāwāhi tau (noun) part-whole strategy. He ara te rautaki wāwāhi tau e oti ai tētahi paheko tau, pēnei i te tāpiritanga, te tangohanga, te whakareatanga, te whakawehenga rānei. Ka wāwāhia ngā tau e pāhekoheko ana kia māmā ake te whakaoti (TRP 2010:237). / The part-whole strategy is an approach to solving number operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. The numbers being combined are partitioned in order to make the operation easier to solve (TRP 2010:237). rautaki tohatoha ōrite (noun) equal sharing strategy. He ara te rautaki tohatoha ōrite e oti ai tētahi whakawehenga māmā. Arā, ka tohaina ngā mea e whakawehea ana kia ōrite te maha ki tēnā rōpū, ki tēnā rōpū (TRP 2010:237). / The equal sharing strategy is a method for solving simple division. The things being divided are distributed so that there are an equal number in each group (TRP 2010:237). Rautaki mō te Amorangi Mātauranga Matua, Te Tertiary Education Commission Strategy.

Answer 25

huarere (noun) weather. E rua ngā hau whakapipi matua ka pā ki te huarere o Aotearoa - ko tērā ka hua mai i runga ake i te whenua o Ahitereiria, ko tērā hoki ka hua mai i runga ake i Te Tiri o te Moana ki te Tonga (RP 2009:195). / There are two main air masses that affect the weather of Aotearoa/New Zealand - that which is produced above the land mass of Australia, and that which develops above Antarctica. tohu huarere (noun) weather forecast. Ka tirohia te whanonga o te manu mō ngā tohu huarere me ngā tohu mō ngā rā kei te tū (Te Ara 2013). / Birds’ behaviour was observed to predict the weather, and for signs for the future. matapae huarere (noun) weather forecast, weather report. Kei te koa ngā kaipatu ahi i te matapae huarere mō te pō nei, i te mea, mā te ua e māmā ake ai ā rātou mahi i te pō tiripapā o Guy Fawkes. / The firefighters are happy with the weather forecast for tonight because the rain will make their work easier on Guy Fawkes night. mātai huarere (noun) meteorology. mahere huarere (noun) weather map.

Answer 26

kapu 1. (verb) to take hold of with the hollow of the hand facing upwards, scoop up. Ko te toroa tai nāku i kapu mai i te huka o te tai (M 2004:132). / I scooped up the albatross plume from the froth of the sea. 2. (noun) hollow of the hand, palm. Ko te rongoā nei me riringi ki te kapu o te ringa, ā, ka ngongo ake mā te ihu, ā, ka tuha mai mā te waha (TTT 1/2/1925:188). / This medicine should be poured into the palm of the hand and sucked up via the nose and then spat out through the mouth. 3. (noun) instep (of the foot). Ka rapa te uira i konei, ka papā te whatitiri, arā i tawhiti, i tawhiti, ka tae te ngiha ki ō rāua tinana, hauporoa tonutia iho ngā rekereke o tētahi, o tētahi, ka mau ko tētahi wāhi o te raparapa, me ngā kapu (KO 15/10/1883:6). / The lightning flashed here and the thunder exploded, that is at a distance, but the lightning reached their bodies, severing the heels of them both, leaving some parts of the soles and the insteps. 4. (noun) crayfish tail. 5. (noun) curl. Ka tīmata te whākanakana o ngā kanohi; titiro rawa atu ki te moana, e whakangaro atu ana ngā waka, ko te kapu kau o ngā hēra e kitea atu ana (JPS 1973:136). / He began to stare, looking far out on the ocean where he saw the canoes just disappearing from sight, only the curve of the sails was to be seen. 6. (noun) object invested by a tohunga with the powers of a rāhui - it can be hidden so that nobody can render the rāhui ineffective. Ko te tikanga o te kapu kia kore ai e taea taua rāhui te takahi e huhua noa iho e ngaro ai te mana o taua rāhui (Wh4 2004:226). / The purpose of the 'kapu' is so that a rāhui can not be abused by anybody whereby the power of that rāhui dissipates. (Te Kōhure Textbook (Ed. 2):226;) 7. (noun) wooden funnel - for feeding a tapu person. kapu (noun) cup. Tērā tētahi kapu i riro mai i ngā hōia o Niu Tīreni nei mō te whutupōro (TKO 31/7/1920:11). / That was a cup that was obtained from the New Zealand soldiers for rugby. Kapu, Te (location) Frasertown. kapu ura (noun) fire brick, Asterodiscus truncatus - a large brightly coloured starfish found in deep waters around the Hen and Chicken Islands and Bay of Plenty. The colour is chrome heavily blotched with vermilion and the terminal plates are mauve to purple. kapu māhora (adjective) be slightly curly, wavy (of hair). He kapu māhora ngā makawe o tā māua tamāhine. / Our daughter's hair is slightly curly. kapu māwhatu (intransitive verb) to be separated into distinct curls (of hair). Ka hoatu e Hine he pani hukahuka ki ōna māwhatu kia kapu māwhatu ai (HJ 2017:56). / Hine applied mousse to her curls so that they were separated into distinct curls. kapu parahua (noun) common cushion starfish, Patiriella regularis - common between tide marks around the coast of Aotearoa/New Zealand near rocks on sandy or muddy tidal flats, greyish-green to dark blue-green are its usual colours. kapu ringa (noun) biscuit star, Pentagonaster pulchellus - a starfish shaped and coloured like a fancy biscuit. The pairs of rounded knobs at each extremity have a slightly browned appearance. Attains a diameter of about 75 mm. Fairly common cast ashore on South Island and southern North Island sandy beaches. kapu parahua rahi (noun) inflated cushion star, Stegnaster inflatus - a rare species of echinoderm, similar to the common cushion star, but larger, thicker, arched in the middle and more brilliantly coloured buff, orange, orange-vermilion, purple or greyish-green. Found from Hauraki Gulf to Timaru. Kapu o Amerika (noun) America's Cup. Kapu-kete-reti (location) Wickliffe Bay (Otago Peninsula). (Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2):18;) kaputī 1. (noun) cup of tea. He kaputī, he pihikete ngā kai o te parakuihi (TJ 18/1/1900:12). / A cup of tea and biscuits were for breakfast. 2. (noun) teacup. E hoko ana i te huka, tī, parāoa, purēti, kaputī, naihi me te paoka, tupeka, māti, hopi, kānara (TJ 7/6/1898:8). / Selling sugar, tea, flour, plates, teacups, knives and forks, tobacco, matches, soap, candles.

Answer 27

hōtoke 1. (verb) to be cold. Ka hōtoke ngā kai (W 1971:62). / The food will be cold. 2. (noun) winter. Ahakoa te kino o ngā rā o te hōtoke o tērā tau, e 40 anake ngā hōkete i toromi i te waipuketanga o te awa (TRA 1/1/1929:914). / Despite the bad weather in winter last year, only 40 hoggets drowned when the river flooded. moe hōtoke 1. (verb) to hibernate. Moe hōtoke ai ētahi kīrehe mō ngā marama makariri o te takurua. / Some animals hibernate for the cold months of winter. 2. (noun) hibernation. Nā te kaha makariri o te takurua i ētahi whenua, ko te moe hōtoke he huarahi kia ora ai ngā kīrehe, pērā i te pea. / Because the winter is so cold in some countries, hibernation is a way for animals, such as the bear, to survive.

Answer 28

hōtoke 1. (verb) to be cold. Ka hōtoke ngā kai (W 1971:62). / The food will be cold. 2. (noun) winter. Ahakoa te kino o ngā rā o te hōtoke o tērā tau, e 40 anake ngā hōkete i toromi i te waipuketanga o te awa (TRA 1/1/1929:914). / Despite the bad weather in winter last year, only 40 hoggets drowned when the river flooded. moe hōtoke 1. (verb) to hibernate. Moe hōtoke ai ētahi kīrehe mō ngā marama makariri o te takurua. / Some animals hibernate for the cold months of winter. 2. (noun) hibernation. Nā te kaha makariri o te takurua i ētahi whenua, ko te moe hōtoke he huarahi kia ora ai ngā kīrehe, pērā i te pea. / Because the winter is so cold in some countries, hibernation is a way for animals, such as the bear, to survive.

Answer 29

inā ake anō so that's the reason, so that's why - an idiom used when someone has had something explained to them and they finally realise the reason. Similar to 'the penny's dropped'. Uru: I tū te kēmu a Ngā Kaponga ki konei inapō. Pare: Inā ake anō i nui ai ngā tāngata i te tāone inanahi nei. / Uru: Ngā Kaponga's game was held here last night. Pare: So that's the reason there were so many people in town yesterday. nā konā anō/tonu ... so that's the reason, so that's why - an idiom used when someone has had something explained to them and they finally realise the reason. Similar to 'the penny's dropped'. Mai rā anō, he hoa piripono rāua. Ā kāti, nā konā tonu ia i haere ai ki te whakanui i tana huritau. / They have been close friends for ages. Ah! So that's why she went to her birthday celebrations. nā whai anō ... so that's the reason, so that's why, it's no wonder, it's not surprising, that'll be why, well that explains it - an idiom used when someone has had something explained to them and they finally realise the reason. Similar to 'the penny's dropped'. Also as inā whai anō. He whaiāipo tā Ngāhuia. Nā whai anō ia i kore ai e haramai i taku taha ki te pikitia. / Ngāhuia has a boyfriend. So that's the reason she won't come to the movies with me. Ko te āhua nei e rangirua tonu ana ngā whakaaro o te kāhui ariki tae noa ki te pōtitanga o 1931, ā, nā whai anō rā i tarea tonutia ai e Piupiu a Eketone te tautoko (TTR 1996:254). / It would seem that the King's family were quite ambivalent extending into the 1931 election, and it's no wonder Piupiu was able to support Eketone. Tau: I tae atu a Tama Purotu ki te pō kanikani. Ira: Inā whai anō i hiahia ai a Hinerera ki te haere (HJ 2012:48). / Tau: Tama Purotu arrived at the dance. Ira: So that's why Hinerera wanted to go. te mea ai after all, because, the reason for this, especially because. Kore rawa au i hiahia kia mate tētahi o ngā taitama nei, te mea ai hoki he mea hanga rātau nā Te Atua, pēnei anō i a au (HP 1991:145). / I would never want one of these youths to die, because they were created by God, just like me. mahara 1. (experience verb) (-tia) to think about, consider. Mahara noa a Tiopira kua mate ina hoki te roa e ngaro ana ki raro, mahue atu i a ia tana rāti (TP 10/1902:11). / Tiopira thought that it was dead due to the length of time it had been below, so he put down his harpoon. 2. (experience verb) (-tia) to remember, recollect, bear in mind, know. Kātahi ka haere ngā tāngata ki te moe, ka ora hoki te ngākau i te kohu kua mahea, e mahara ana ka rere pai tēnā tō rātou kaipuke ki te kāinga (TWMNT 10/3/1874:63). / Then the people went to sleep relieved that the fog had cleared and knowing that their ship could sail home. 3. (experience verb) to be anxious. Ka mahara anō te ngākau o te hoa o Hakawau, ka mea, "Kei konei pea māua mate ai" (NM 1928:148). / Hakawau's friend was anxious again and said, "Perhaps it is here that we will die." 4. (modifier) thoughtful. He wahine ngākau mahara, he marere, he nihowera i āna mahi manaaki i ōna whanaunga, i ōna hoa Māori me te tini noa atu o te Pākehā (TTR 1994:18). / She was a thoughtful gracious woman and a generous host who gave hospitality to her relatives, her Māori friends as well as many Pākehā. 5. (noun) recollection, thought, memory, reasoning. Nō tō mātau haerenga he wareware anake i a au taku hāmanu ki te wāhi i noho rā mātau. Kotahi māero pea mātau e haere ana, kātahi anō au ka puta mahara ake ki taku hāmanu, heoi ko taku hokinga mai tēnei ki te tiki i taku hāmanu (TPH 15/7/1901:3). / When we set off I forgot my ammunition which was at the place we were camped at. We had travelled approximately one mile when I finally remembered my ammunition and so I returned to get it. 6. (noun) spleen. Ka oti te tinana, ka kumea ngā ringaringa, ka kumea ngā waewae, ka pokaia te tara, ka kumea ngā raho, ka whakanohoia ngā puapua, ngā werewere, ngā hanahana, te katitohe, ka kumea te tonetone, ka pokaia te kumu, ka whakanohoia te piro me te puku, te mahara, te ate, ngā tākihi, te tōngāmimi, ka hangā te ārai, ka oti katoa ngā mea o te tinana (HWM 27). / When the body was completed, the arms and legs were drawn out, the vagina was pierced, the labia majora was drawn out, and the ovaries, the labia minora, the vulva, and the hymen were implanted, the clitoris was drawn out, the anus was pierced and the odour, the stomach, the spleen, the liver, the kidneys and the bladder were implanted, and the diaphragm was made and the body was completed. tikanga 1. (noun) correct procedure, custom, habit, lore, method, manner, rule, way, code, meaning, plan, practice, convention, protocol - the customary system of values and practices that have developed over time and are deeply embedded in the social context . Ko ngā pereti kai he rourou; kāore he paoka, kāore he naihi, arā i tino whakaritea katoatia ki tā te Māori tikanga (TP 1/12/1900:14). / The eating plates were flax food baskets; there were no knives and forks, that is everything was organised according to Māori custom. Ko ngā tikanga pai e tika ana kia puritia kia mau, hei tikanga mau tonu mō ngā whakatupuranga, ahakoa tikanga whenua, taonga rānei, mahi ā-ringa, whai kai rānei, ngā whakahaere o te pakanga, ōna tūwaewae rānei, ehara anō hoki i te tikanga kino ngā tikanga Māori (TPH 30/8/1902:3) / It is right that the beneficial customs should be retained as lasting practices for future generations, whether they be customs relating to land or property, crafts or procuring food, the procedures for conducting war or for visitors, and Māori practices are not bad ones. 2. (noun) correct, right. Kei te tautoko te iwi Māori i tēnei pire, nō te mea e kite ana rātou mā tēnei pire ka oti he tikanga e taea ai e rātou te rīhi i ō rātou whenua (RT 2013:81). / The Māori people are supporting this bill because they can see that with this bill they have a right whereby they will be able to lease their lands. 3. (noun) reason, purpose, motive. He houhanga rongo te tikanga o te haere (TH 1/4/1861:2). / Peacemaking was the reason for the trip. 4. (noun) meaning, method, technique. He aha te tikanga o taua kupu a Te Wharehuia i roto i tana whaikōrero? / What is the meaning of that word that Te Wharehuia used in his speech? kau 1. alone, by oneself, solitarily, bare, empty, naked, without hindrance, unreservedly, to no purpose, purely and simply, solely, exclusively, only, merely, just, idle, inactive, for no particular reason, in vain, to no avail, helplessly, none at all, very, seriously, totally - a manner particle indicating the absence of other factors. Where kau follows a verb in the passive it will take a passive ending also, usually -tia. In this situation the passive ending may be dropped from the verb, but not from kau. As with other manner particles in Māori, while having a general overall meaning, kau can be translated in a variety of ways, depending on the context. Rapu kau ana a Tāwhiri-mātea, kua hunaia e Papa-tū-ā-nuku ana tamariki. / Tāwhiri-mātea searched everywhere, but Papa-tū-ā-nuku had hidden her children. Ka whaowhia te kūmara ki roto, kī tonu, kore rawa he wāhi i āputa, arā i takoto kau noa iho, kī tonu (JPS 1926:95). / The kūmara were put in it, and filled it up, there was no open space remaining, that is it was absolutely full. (Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2):91-92;) 2. as soon as, no sooner had - a slight variation from the general meaning above where kau is used to indicate immediacy. Utua kautia te moni tuatahi ki a Te Teira me tōna iwi, tukuna atu ana e te kāwanatanga ngā kairūri (TTR 1990:291). / As soon as the first payment was made to Te Teira and his people, the government sent in the surveyors. pūnga (noun) reason, cause, origin, base. Tūmanako tonu te ngākau o Tōpia kia whiwhi anō rātou i te tai moana o te awa o Whanganui, ka noho ko ōna pā kei te tata tonu ki Pipiriki hei pūnga māna i te kōkiritanga (TTR 1994:195). / Tōpia wanted to reclaim the Whanganui coast and his pā remained quite close to Pipiriki as his bases from which to attack. papa kore (modifier) pointless, for no reason, futile, senseless, needless. Hei reira hoki ngā mōrehu te pōuri ai ki te maumau o ana huanga i mate papa kore noa iho i roto i tēnei pakanga (TWM 2/4/1864:2). / And the survivors are there despondent about the waste of their relatives who died quite pointlessly in this war. i konā therefore, consequently, hence, accordingly, for that reason, as a result. I te wā anō o te whakahekenga ka riro i a ia te whakahaere i tētahi kaupapa hei tiaki awa, ā, i konā tere tonu te huri atu ki te whakauka i te awa o Ōroua, whai mahi ana hoki ngā tāne Māori (TTR 1998:32). / At the time of the depression he also supervised a project to look after the river, and as a result it facilitated urgent conservation work along the Oroua River and provided employment for Māori men. Synonyms: nā konā, nā konei, nā reira, nō konā, nō reira, heoi, heoti, hoi, hoi anō, oti anō, wheoi mea 1. (verb) (meinga meingatia meatingia -tia) to say, speak, do, deal with, think, intend, make, use. Ka mea te iwi ki a Tā Hōri Kerei, kia haere ki te whakamahau o te whare o Te Mānihera kia harirū rātou (TW 20/4/1878:180). / The people asked Sir George Grey to go to the verandah of Mr Maunsell's house so that they could shake hands. Ka hangā he tāone ki te kūititanga meinga ana te ingoa ko Panama (TWMNT 27/8/1873:102). / A town was built at the isthmus and it is called Panama. 2. (noun) thing, object, property, one, reason, thingumajig, thingy, thingummy, whatcha-me-call-it, what-d'you-call-it, the one, that thing, whatsit - a word used to replace the name of something, often when a speaker has momentarily forgotten the correct word. It may function as a personal name, a location word, a noun or a verb (see other sub entries). Ka mea a Mea ki te mea nā. / So-and so spoke to that thing. 3. (personal name) thingumabob, thingamy, what's-his-name, so-and-so - a word used when one has forgotten, or does not know, the person's name. I kōrero au ki a Mea - Ko wai tōna ingoa? / I talked to Thingumebob - what's her name? 4. (location) such-and-such a place - a word used for a place when one has forgotten the name. I tae rātou ki Mea - kua wareware te ingoa i a au. / They arrived at such and such a place - I've forgotten the name. 5. soon (to denote a lapse of time). 6. Used with he and a verb as an alternative passive for past time. He mea tūraki te whare e te taraka. / The house was demolished by the truck. (Te Māhuri Textbook (Ed. 2):42;) 7. such-and-such, so-and-so, somewhere, at some time - used before a noun, location, people or time to generalise or avoid saying a specific name. Paku noa iho te kī atu ki konei tātou, e kare mā, ā mea wā ki mea wāhi, e kare mā, me noho tahi tātou, e kare mā (HM 4/1996:1). / We speak just briefly here, my friends, but at some time in the future and somewhere we will sit together. He aha i whiriwhiria ai ko mea mā hai haere ki te Kura Āpiha i Trentham (HP 1991:117). / Why were he and the others selected to go to the Officers School at Trentham. Koinei te pai o ēnei wānanga, ka haramai a mea tohunga me ōna mātauranga, a mea tohunga me ōna, hei āta whakaaroaro, hei āta tuitui haere mā te hunga whakarongo (HJ 2012:180). / This is the good thing about these seminars, each expert comes with her knowledge for the audience to mull over and blend together. nā konā therefore, consequently, as a result, accordingly, on that account, for that reason, hence, thus. Ko tāna ki a rāua he whiu, arā, me e whai tamariki ana ka whānau mai, me tuku te tamaiti mā ētehi kē e taurima. Nā konā i ora katoa ai ngā tamariki a Maata, nā ōna whanaunga kē i whakatipu (TTR 1996:230). / He informed the couple that if they had children their penalty was to forfeit the care of their offspring to others. Accordingly, Maata's children were all brought up by her relatives. Synonyms: i konā, nā konei, nā reira, nō konā, nō reira, heoi, heoti, hoi, hoi anō, oti anō, wheoi whakaaro pānga riterite (noun) proportional reasoning (maths). Ko te whakaaro pānga riterite te momo whakaaro ka hua mai i te pānga tāpiripiri, i te pānga whakarea rānei kei waenganui i ētahi rahinga e rua, ētahi taurangi e rua rānei (TRP 2010:319). / Proportional reasoning is the type of thinking that arises from seeing an additive or multiplicative relationship between two quantities or variables (TRP 2010:319). whakaaro tāpiripiri (noun) additive reasoning. E rua ngā whakautu e hāngai ana ki tēnei rapanga. Ko tētahi e whai ana i te whakaaro tāpiripiri, ko tētahi e whai ana i te whakaaro whakarea. E rua e rua, he whakaaro pānga riterite (TRP 2010:319). / There are two responses relevant to this problem. One is following additive reasoning, the other is following multiplicative reasoning. Both are proportional reasoning. whakaaro whakarea (noun) multiplicative reasoning. E rua ngā whakautu e hāngai ana ki tēnei rapanga. Ko tētahi e whai ana i te whakaaro tāpiripiri, ko tētahi e whai ana i te whakaaro whakarea. E rua e rua, he whakaaro pānga riterite (TRP 2010:319). / There are two responses relevant to this problem. One is following additive reasoning, the other is following multiplicative reasoning. Both are proportional reasoning. nā konei on this account, therefore, as a result, consequently, accordingly, for this reason, hence, thus. Nā konei ka kī ia ko tēnei kēmu kīhai i riro tika (TJ 20/6/1899:9). / As a result he says that this game was not won fairly. Synonyms: i konā, nā konā, nā reira, nō konā, nō reira, heoi, heoti, hoi, hoi anō, oti anō, wheoi nā reira therefore, that's why, so, consequently, for that reason, hence, thus, accordingly. He nui tonu rātou i mōhio rawa atu ki te kuia nei, nā reira me pēhea e taea ai te roimata te pupuri? (HM 4/2009:1) / Many of them knew this elderly woman well, so how could they hold their tears back? (Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2):2;) Synonyms: i konā, nā konā, nā konei, nō konā, nō reira, heoi, heoti, hoi, hoi anō, oti anō, wheoi noa 1. only, solely, just, merely, quite, until, at random, idly, fruitlessly, in vain, as soon as, without restraint, freely, unimpeded, unbridled, casually, easily, without any fuss, suddenly, unexpectedly, spontaneously, instinctively, intuitively, by accident, unintentionally, without restriction, without conditions, randomly, without knowing why, to no avail, for no good reason, very, exceedingly, absolutely, already, right up until - a manner particle following immediately after the word it relates to. Denotes an absence of limitations or conditions. Often occurs in combination with other particles, e.g. noa iho. Where noa follows a verb in the passive it will take a passive ending also, usually -tia. As with other manner particles in Māori, while having a general overall meaning, noa can be translated in a variety of ways, depending on the context. Tekau mita noa pea hei omanga māku. / I probably had only 10 metres to run. He nui ngā whenua i tukua noatia, i hokona rānei e Kahutia ki ngā tāngata whai me te kāwanatanga (TTR 1994:33). / Kahutia had given and sold considerable areas of land to settlers and the government. Tēnei hoki tētahi minita Pākehā kei konei, i mate tana mokopuna, kawea ana ki te nehu, ā, i tīmata anō ia i te karakia nehu. Nō te tukunga iho ki te poka oma ana ia, kīhai i mutu tana karakia nehu, ā, tanumia noatia iho e ngā tāngata hāpai (TWMNT 13/3/1877:76). / And then there was a Pākehā minister here whose grandchild died and when she was taken to the burial he began the burial service. When she was being lowered into the grave he fled without finishing his burial service and she was just buried by the pallbearers without ceremony. (Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2):120;Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2):91-92;) 2. (verb) to be free from the extensions of tapu, ordinary, unrestricted, void. Puta mai ai te tangata i te urupā, me tāuhi ia i ōna ringaringa me tōna upoko ki te wai kia noa ai ia. / When a person comes out of a cemetery he/she should sprinkle water on his/her hands and head so that she/he is freed from tapu. (Te Kōhure Textbook (Ed. 2):237-240;Te Kōhure Video Tapes (Ed. 1):6;) nō konā therefore, consequently, hence, accordingly, for that reason, as a result. I te tekau tau atu i 1920, ka riro ko Takurua tētahi o ngā tino kaiwhakahau i te whakatōpūtanga o ngā whenua tūturu Māori tae atu ki ngā whenua i raro i te Karauna i roto i te rohe pōtae o Tūhoe, ā, nō konā ka piri tahi ia ki a Āpirana Ngata (TTR 1998:193). / In the 1920s Takurua became one of the main advocates of the consolidation of Māori and Crown lands within the Tūhoe district, and consequently became associated with Āpirana Ngata. Synonyms: i konā, nā konā, nā konei, nā reira, nō reira, heoi, heoti, hoi, hoi anō, oti anō, wheoi nō reira therefore, thereby, that's why, so, consequently, for that reason, hence, thus, accordingly. Ko ngā kaimahi i te perehi o te pepa he Pākehā, kāore rawa he mōhiotanga ki te reo Māori. Nō reira i tono atu ai te etita kia mārama te tuhituhi mai (TTT 1/11/1924:138). / The workers of the newspaper's press are Pākehā who have absolutely no knowledge of the Māori language. Consequently the editor requested that your writing should be clear. Synonyms: i konā, nā konā, nā konei, nā reira, nō konā, heoi, heoti, hoi, hoi anō, oti anō, wheoi ehara i te mea he aha it is not for any particular reason, I'm not raising another argument, I'm not making a particular issue of it, no cause for alarm, it's no big deal - a saying used to indicate that the listener need not take too much notice of what the speaker is about to say. Also used to soften a statement or criticism. Ehara i te mea he aha, engari i hē tō whakahua o taua kupu Wīwī. / It's not a major issue, but your pronunciation of that French word is incorrect. pūtake 1. (verb) (-tia) to originate. Ehara i te mea i mate te nuinga o te tāngata i te rū tonu, engari i ōna mate o muri iho i pūtaketia mai e te rū (TWMNT 21/9/1875:213). / It was not as if the majority of the people died from the earthquake itself, but from the diseases afterwards that were caused by the earthquake. 2. (noun) cause, reason, origin, source. I whakaatu anō ia i te āhua o te taipō pīwa, te pūtake mai me te rongoā (TP 5/1901:11). / He gave instruction on the nature of typhoid fever, the origin and the cure. 3. (noun) base, root. Kua roa ka maha haere ngā kōpurepure, nāwai ā, ka heke whakararo ki te pūtake o te taewa, ā, he maroke te tukunga iho (TP 3/1905:5). / After a time the number of blotches increases and after a while descends to the base of the potato plant, and drying out is the result. 4. (noun) ancestor, progenitor. Ko te pūtake mai o tēnei tipuna o Whata, ko Pouheni. He tamaiti a Pouheni nā Paikea (JPS 1906:61). / The progenitor of this ancestor, Whata, was Pouheni. Pouheni was a child of Paikea. 5. (noun) base, root (of a number). Ko te pūtake te tau e hīkina ana ki tētahi pū (TRP 2010:212). / The root is the number that is being raised to a power (TRP 2010:212). 6. (noun) base (of a number system). Ko te pūtake te pānga kei waenganui i ngā mati uara tū o tētahi pūnaha tau. Koia hoki hei whakatau i te maha o ngā tohutau o te pūnaha tau (TRP 2010:213). / The base is the relationship between the place value digits of a number system. It also determines the number of numerals the number system has (TRP 2010:213). 7. (noun) base (of a geometrical figure). take 1. (verb) (-a) to originate, derive. Ko tōna arikitanga i takea mai i tōna pāpā me tōna whaea ngātahi (TTR 1990:11). / Her aristocratic rank derived from both her father and her mother. 2. (noun) reason, purpose, cause, origin, root, stump, source, beginning. He tokomaha tonu ngā Māori kei te tāone e noho ana, nō reira hoki tētahi take i tika ai kia tū te mīhana ki reira (TP 7/1913:6). / There are quite a lot of Māori living in town, so that's a reason why it's appropriate that the mission be established there. 3. (noun) topic, subject, matter, issue, concern. Nā ngā mahi ātete ā-tinana i ngā kairūri i roto i Te Urewera, i tau ai te mōrearea ki runga i ngā take whenua (TTR 1994:11). / In the Urewera physical resistance to the surveyors engendered a sense of alarm over the land issues. 4. (noun) claim, right. 5. (noun) base, foot (of a hill, etc.). Tāpukea ngā take o ngā rākau ki te maniua, engari kia tūpato kei hutihutia ngā pakiaka (TP 6/1908:11). / Cover round the bases of the trees with manure but be careful not to pull up the roots. 6. (noun) plan. Ka māharahara te iwi rā ki te take e mate ai taua ngārara i a rātou (JPS 1894:166). / The people thought about a plan by which they might killed that reptile. koia (rā/pū) 1. it is that, that is, those are, that is the reason. Koia rā i wehe mai a Murumāra i Te Kauwhata. / That's why Murumāra left Te Kauwhata. (Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2):8;) 2. I agree! exactly! that is it in a nutshell! - expresses agreement with an opinion. E whakapae ana au nā te kore mahi i uru ai ētahi taitamariki ki te hē. Koia pū. / I'm saying that some youths get into trouble because they are unemployed. Exactly! takunetanga (noun) occasion, object, reason, pretext, pretence, event. Nāna i whakarite te whakahaere o ngā hui katoa i Rotorua, tae atu ki ngā takunetanga tūmatanui (TTR 1996:99). / He arranged the organisation of all gatherings and public events in Rotorua. i te mea ai after all, because, the reason for this. Kāore e tātata te kitea o te hukapapa ki reira, i te mea ai hoki, i te kaha o te mahana (HP 1991:165). / Frost wouldn't be seen there because it's so warm. he kore [nōna] because she doesn't - a negative phrase to give the reason why something wasn't done, where nōna can be replaced by other n-class possessives. Nōhea ēnā weriweri e whakaae mai he kore nō rātou i pai mai ki tā tātou i tono nei. / No way will those 'so and sos' agree because they don’t like what we’re asking of them. aituā 1. (verb) (-tia) to have a mishap, have a disaster, have an accident. He aha i aituā pēnei ai? (HP 1991:21) / Why did I have an accident like this? 2. (modifier) ill-fated, disastrous, calamitous, fateful, unlucky, unfortunate, accidental. Nō te tākiritanga o tana taha ka oho ake; mōhio tonu he tohu aituā (NIT 1995:313). / When his side twitched he woke up, knowing immediately that it was a bad omen. 3. (noun) ill omen, trouble, tragedy, calamity, disaster, catastrophe, accident, fatality, misfortune, injustice, death - although often used in modern Māori to mean 'accident', the term traditionally implied that there were reasons for the calamity, including violation of tapu, of mākutu, or some other disturbance of the natural order. He aituā, engari kua poropititia e ētahi o ngā hīnātore, ka pau i te ahi i taua wā (HP 1991:6). / It was a disaster but it had been prophesied by some of the wise men that it would be destroyed by fire at that time. (Te Māhuri Textbook (Ed. 2):75-96, 140-153;) Synonyms: hauata hoki 1. also, and, too, as well - often preceded by anō when used this way. In the phrase it comes after manner, directional and locative particles, if they are present. Ka haere atu anō hoki ahau. / I'll be going too. (Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2):44-45, 129;) 2. for, because, on account of - will often express the connection of that phrase or sentence to the previous one, as its cause, i.e. to indicate the reason for something. Ka noho ia ki raro, ka pōuri hoki ia ki a ia e kataina ana e ōna hoa. / He sat down because he was upset that he was being laughed at by his companions. 3. Word giving emphasis. Tō tere hoki! / How quick you were! Nō hea hoki tēnā whakaaro? / Where the heck did you get that idea from? (Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2):58;Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2):22;) i 1. Used before verbs and statives to indicate past time. I ngongoro tō ihu inapō. / You snored last night. (Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2):30-32, 82-85, 101-102;Te Kākano Study Guide (Ed. 1):41-42;) 2. Combines with nā to form a past tense emphasising who or what did the action. Nā Tio ngā tōtiti i tunu. / It was Joe who cooked the sausages. (Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2):30-32;Te Kākano Study Guide (Ed. 1):41-42;) 3. at, in, on, along, by way of - used before location words to indicate past location. I Ōtepoti rāua inanahi. / They were in Dunedin yesterday. (Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2):29;) 4. has, had - used to state who or what had something. I a Poia taku waea pūkoro. / Poia had my cellphone. (Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2):83;) 5. from - used with verbs of motion to indicate movement away from the place following. I piki atu rātou i te pūtake o te maunga ki te tihi. / They climbed from the base of the mountain to the summit. (Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2):101;Te Kākano Study Guide (Ed. 1):25, 26;Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2):63-64;) 6. Used with verbs that take a direct object or experience verbs not indicating motion to mark the object or goal of the action. Kua kite rātou i Te Maioro Nui Whakaharahara o Haina. / They have seen the Great Wall of China. (Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2):41-42, 84;) 7. Connects a location word with its related noun or noun phrase. Kei runga te kī i te tūru. / The key is on the chair. (Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2):15-16;) 8. by, with - used to mark the agent of stative verbs. Kua riro te paoro i a ia. / She's taken the ball. (Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2):57, 99-100;Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2):125;) 9. while, during. I a ia e moe ana, ka hoki tana whaiāipo ki tōna kāinga. / While she was asleep, her boyfriend returned to his home. (Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2):101-102;) 10. than, in comparison with - used when comparing things. He reka atu tēnei i tēnā. / This is sweeter than that. (Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2):101;) 11. because, through, by reason of. I tōna haurangi, ka hinga ia. / Because he was so drunk he fell over. 12. Used in clauses expressing the reason for an action and in 'why' questions. He pukuriri nōku i kōrero pēnei ai. / It was because I was angry that I spoke like that. (Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2):23-24;Te Māhuri Textbook (Ed. 2):43-44;) 13. per, each, every. E rua ngā rā whakatā i te wiki. / There are two rest days per week. 14. in case ... may, were fortunate, to see whether, if it were not for - used between me and kore to express present or past hypothetical conditions. Me i kore koe, kua hinga tō tātou tīma. / If it weren't for you our team would have been defeated. (Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2):126-127;) inā 1. here! see here! how ...! - used to point out something or the reason for something and is often followed by hoki or rā. Inā ōu mōhiti! / Here are your glasses! Inā te nui o ā tātou kai! / What a lot of food we have! E kore e tipu he paku aha i reira, inā te makariri. / Nothing will grow there because it's too cold. Kua mōhio pea te ao, inā hoki i pānuitia ki te pouaka whakaata i te pō rā. / The whole world probably already knows, as it was broadcast on TV last night. He tau pai mō te mahi māra, inā rā e kī ana ngā rua i te kai. / It was obviously a good season for the garden, as the food stores are full. (Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2):119;) 2. so, really, how - used to emphasise a quality of something. Inā te reka o aua kamokamo! Paupau ana i a māua! / Those kamokamo are so sweet! We polished them off! 3. When inā is used to emphasise statements about quality, the addition of nā, rā, ia and koa strengthens the meaning. These are usually written as one word. Nāna i whakahauhau ngā toi whakarākai, inarā, ko ngā mahi whakairo me te tukutuku (TTR 1996:107). / He encouraged the decorative arts, especially carving and tukutuku work. kimikimi 1. (verb) (-hia) to seek, look for, search for, seek out, hunt for (of a number of people). Ko ngā tamariki pēpe e moemoe ana i taua wā kātahi ka whakaarahia, ka pōkaikaha noa iho rātau ki te kimikimi i ō rātau pūtu me ō rātau kahu mahana, i te mea e rere ana te puaheiri i taua wā, me te hau hoki e pupuhi ana (TPH 10/1/1906:3). / The young children were asleep at that time when they were made to get up and they hurriedly looked for their boots and warm clothes because the snow was falling and the wind blowing. 2. way-out, way off-beam, fanciful, figment of the imagination, made-up, amazingly stupid, full of hot air, putting it on, pretender - used idiomatically to state that what someone has said is untrue, is an unlikely reason or is pure speculation. It sometimes implies that the person's response is not taking the question seriously or that somebody has plucked an idea out of the air. I kī mai a Mihi i takea mai a Ngāi Tahu i Te Taitokerau. Tēnā kimikimi! I heke kē mai rātou i Te Tai Rāwhiti. / Mihi said that Ngāi Tahu originated from Northland. What a way-out story. They actually migrated from the East Coast. kore 1. (negative) nil, none, nothing, not, no longer, zero, zilch, nought - used in negatives after verbal particles, e.g. e, ka, kei, kua, me, i or ki te. Ki te kore a Pio e tae mai, ka raru tātou. / If Pio doesn't arrive we're in trouble. (Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2):67, 89-90;) 2. (negative) Used following a reason or asking why something has not taken place or will not take place. He aha koutou i kore ai e whakarongo? / Why didn't you all listen? (Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2):23;) 3. (negative) without, -less, lacking - used before or after nouns to indicate the absence or lack of that thing. Sometimes written as a separate word, sometimes joined or hyphenated. He wāhi kore wai tērā moutere. / That island is a place lacking water. (Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2):55, 89-90;) 4. (negative) no longer - used after kua as a verb to express the loss, absence, destruction or departure of something. It is usually used to mean that something is no longer the case. Kua kore au e haere ki Rānana. / I'm no longer going to London. (Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2):89-90;Te Pihinga Study Guide (Ed. 1):55;) 5. (negative) Used with kia to say 'so that something would not happen'. I kumea te poti ki uta rawa, kia kore ai e riro i te tai. / The boat was pulled right ashore so that it wouldn't be carried off by the tide. (Te Māhuri Textbook (Ed. 2):31-32;) 6. (negative) might not, may not, mightn't - when used after kei it indicates that an action might not happen. Kei kore e ea ā tāua nama. / Our debts mightn't be paid. 7. (noun) oblivion, annihilation, destruction, nothingness. Ā, ngaro noa iho ki te kore a Hou rātou ko tōna iwi (NM 1928:57). / And Hou and his people were annihilated. Synonyms: pākorehā Matariki (personal noun) Pleiades, Messier 45 - an open cluster of many stars in Te Kāhui o Matariki, with at least nine stars visible to the naked eye. The brightest star in the centre of the cluster, also known as Matariki (Alcyone), married Rehua (Antares) and is the mother of the other eight stars of the Pleiades known to Māori. The other eight stars are: Tupuārangi (Atlas), Waipunarangi (Electra), Waitī (Maia), Ururangi (Merope), Tupuānuku (Pleione), Waitā (Taygeta), Pōhutukawa (Sterope) and Hiwa-i-te-rangi (Calaeno). The first appearance before sunrise of Matariki in the north-eastern sky, in the Tangaroa phase of the lunar month, indicates the beginning of the Māori year - about mid-June - and is the cause for celebrations. Matariki disappears at the end of the Māori year and traditionally this was also a reason for celebration with some iwi. During this time when Matariki was absent from the sky, she was said to visit four places, each for seven nights, Maukahau, Tārarau-ātea, Papa-whakatangitangi and Tītore-māhu-tū. Matariki is a truncated version of the name Ngā Mata o te Ariki Tāwhirimātea (the eyes of the atua Tāwhirimātea). Matariki is associated with good health and wellbeing. Ko te putanga mai o Matariki te tohu mō te marama tuatahi, ko ngā ingoa hoki ēnei o ngā marama katoa: Te Tahi o Pipiri, Te Rua o Takurua,Te Toru Here o Pipiri, Te Whā o Mahuru, Te Rima o Kōpū, Te Ono o Whitiānaunau, Te Whitu o Hakihea, Te Waru o Rehua, Te Iwa o Rūhi-te-rangi, Te Ngahuru o Poutū-te-rangi, Te Ngahuru mā tahi, Te Ngahuru ma rua (TP 1/3/1901:6). / The appearance of Pleiades is the sign for the first month and these are the names of all the months: The first is Pipiri, the second is Takurua, the third is Here o Pipiri, the fourth is Mahuru, the fifth is Kōpū, the sixth is Whiti-ānaunau, the seventh is Hakihea, the eighth is Rehua, the ninth is Rūhi-te-rangi, the tenth is Poutūterangi, the eleventh and twelth months. Mō te marama o Mei, arā o Te Hakiharatua ki tā te Māori, o te tau 1922: Ko Matariki te whetū kei te ārahi i tēnei marama, he wehenga tau ki tā te Māori whakahaere (TTT 1/5/1922:13). / For the month of May, that is Te Hakiharatua according to the Māori, of the year 1922: The Pleiades is the star that heralds this month and divides the year according to the Māori system. poroporoaki 1. (verb) (-tia) to take leave of, farewell, traditional call given by women as they approach the marae. I te pō, ka tū a Kihi rātau ko tōna whānau ki te poroporoaki ki a mātau, ki ngā mea e hoki ana ki te tiki mai i ā rātau wāhine, me ō rātou hūnuku katoa (TTT 1/3/1930:2003). / That night Kihi and his family stood to farewell us, the ones returning to fetch their wives and all their family dependants. 2. (noun) eulogy, panegyric, leave taking - eulogies, or farewell speeches to the dead, contain beautiful language and express people’s grief. Metaphoric language and allusions to the tribal connections, geographic places of significance, traditional places that the spirits of the dead are believed to travel to, and the status and work of the deceased, are a feature of poroporoaki. For these reasons they are difficult to translate so that the full meaning is expressed in English. Poroporoaki address the person as though alive, as the belief is that the wairua (spirit) remains with the body for a time before burial. He kōrero anō āna i tukua ki 'Te Ao Hou', ko tētahi i te tau 1959 he poroporoaki ki te ariki nei o Tūhoe, ki a Takurua Tamarau, ka mate nei ia (TTR 1998:147). / Another of his contributions to the magazine 'Te Ao Hou', was an eloquent tribute in 1959 to the Tūhoe paramount chief, Takurua Tamarau, following his death. (Te Kōhure Textbook (Ed. 2):205-208;) rāhui 1. (verb) (-ngia -tia) to put in place a temporary ritual prohibition, closed season, ban, reserve - traditionally a rāhui was placed on an area, resource or stretch of water as a conservation measure or as a means of social and political control for a variety of reasons which can be grouped into three main categories: pollution by tapu, conservation and politics. Death pollutes land, water and people through tapu. A rāhui is a device for separating people from tapu things. After an agreed lapse of time, the rāhui is lifted. A rāhui is marked by a visible sign, such as the erection of a pou rāhui, a post. It is initiated by someone of rank and placed and lifted with appropriate karakia by a tohunga. Ka rāhuitia ngā pipi, ka oha (W 1971:237). / When the cockles are protected from being harvested they become plentiful. (Te Kōhure Textbook (Ed. 2):226-227;) 2. (modifier) reserved, restricted access, restricted. I pā ā-tinana tonu a Īhāia ki ngā whakahaere a te kōti whenua i te wā o ngā huihuinga autō mō te poraka o Waikōpiro me ētahi atu, nō mua kē atu he whenua rāhui i kōwhakina mai i te poraka o Waipukurau (TTR 1994:30). / Ihaia had personal experience of the operations of land court during the protracted hearings concerning the Waikōpiro block and others, which were originally reserves separated off from the Waipukurau block. 3. (noun) warning sign that a rāhui is in place, sanctuary, resource reserve, temporary prohibition. Ko te pou rāhui te tohu o te rāhui, he mea pani ki te whero. Hei ētahi wā ka whakairia he kākahu, he hukahuka, he rarauhe rānei hei tohu i te rāhui. He wā ko te rangatira tonu ka whakatau i te rāhui (Te Ara 2013). / A rāhui was often indicated by a post painted red. Sometimes clothing, a lock of hair, or bracken fern might be hung to signal a rāhui. Sometimes a chief would place the rāhui. Synonyms: whakakati, whakatapu, tūrāhui tapu 1. (stative) be sacred, prohibited, restricted, set apart, forbidden, under atua protection - see definition 4 for further explanations. I taua wā ko Te Riri anake te tangata o Ngāti Hine e kaha ana ki te noho i aua whenua. Ko te mea hoki e tapu katoa ana te whaitua nei, pokapoka katoa ana ngā hiwi i ngā rua tūpāpaku (TTR 1998:82). / At that time Te Riri was the only person of Ngāti Hine who wanted to live on the property, because the area was tapu and the surrounding hills were riddled with burial caves. 2. (modifier) sacred, prohibited, restricted, set apart, forbidden, under atua protection - see definition 4 for further explanations. Kei te maumahara tonu ngā uri o Te Whiti ki te tūruapō, arā, te maunga tapu kei te tonga, kei tōna ātārangi he rākau, e pae rua ake ana i tōna peka ngā manu mōhio a Mumuhau rāua ko Takeretō (TTR 1994:172). / It is remembered by Te Whiti's descendants, namely that there is a sacred mountain to the south and in its shadow there is a tree with a branch and on this branch are two birds of knowledge, Mumuhau and Takaretō. 3. (modifier) holy - an adaptation of the original meaning for the Christian concept of holiness and sanctity. Otiia hei minita anō rātou i roto i tōku wāhi tapu, hei tiaki i ngā kūwaha o te whare, hei minita ki te whare (PT Ehekiera 44:11). / Yet they shall be ministers in my sanctuary, having charge at the gates of the house, and ministering to the house. 4. (noun) restriction, prohibition - a supernatural condition. A person, place or thing is dedicated to an atua and is thus removed from the sphere of the profane and put into the sphere of the sacred. It is untouchable, no longer to be put to common use. The violation of tapu would result in retribution, sometimes including the death of the violator and others involved directly or indirectly. Appropriate karakia and ceremonies could mitigate these effects. Tapu was used as a way to control how people behaved towards each other and the environment, placing restrictions upon society to ensure that society flourished. Making an object tapu was achieved through rangatira or tohunga acting as channels for the atua in applying the tapu. Members of a community would not violate the tapu for fear of sickness or catastrophe as a result of the anger of the atua. Intrinsic, or primary, tapu are those things which are tapu in themselves. The extensions of tapu are the restrictions resulting from contact with something that is intrinsically tapu. This can be removed with water, or food and karakia. A person is imbued with mana and tapu by reason of his or her birth. High-ranking families whose genealogy could be traced through the senior line from the atua were thought to be under their special care. It was a priority for those of ariki descent to maintain mana and tapu and to keep the strength of the mana and tapu associated with the atua as pure as possible. People are tapu and it is each person's responsibility to preserve their own tapu and respect the tapu of others and of places. Under certain situations people become more tapu, including women giving birth, warriors travelling to battle, men carving (and their materials) and people when they die. Because resources from the environment originate from one of the atua, they need to be appeased with karakia before and after harvesting. When tapu is removed, things become noa, the process being called whakanoa. Interestingly, tapu can be used as a noun or verb and as a noun is sometimes used in the plural. Noa, on the other hand, can not be used as a noun. Kāore he kai maoa o runga i tēnei waka, i a Tākitimu, nā te tapu. He kai mata anake (HP 1991:9). / There was no cooked food on this canoe, on Tākitimu, because it was tapu. There was only raw food. Ko tēnei i muri nei he karakia whakahorohoro i ngā tapu o ngā tāngata (TWMNT 3/4/1872:58). / The following is a ritual chant to remove the tapu of people. (Te Kōhure Textbook (Ed. 2):237-240;Te Kōhure Video Tapes (Ed. 1):6;) muru 1. (verb) (-a) to wipe, wipe on, wipe off, rub, rub off, smear, paint, pluck (feathers, etc.). Ko te waka rā i murua ki te peita mangu (TW 19/10/1878:9/521). / That canoe was painted with black paint. 2. (verb) (-a) to plunder, confiscate, take ritual compensation - an effective form of social control, restorative justice and redistribution of wealth among relatives. The process involved taking all the offending party's goods. The party that had the muru performed on them did not respond by seeking utu. The reasons for a muru included threats to the institution of marriage, accidents that threatened life (e.g. parents' negligence), trampling on tapu, and defeat in war. It could be instituted for intentional or unintentional offences. It only occurred among groups of people who were linked by whakapapa or marriage and linked neighbouring villages in a collective response in the delivery of punishment. The protocols and practices involved would be determined by various factors, including the mana of the victim or offender, the degree of the offence and the intent of the offending party. Before a muru was engaged, the matter of what would be taken would be discussed in detail, as would the size of the taua to perform the muru. Physical violence could occur but generally ended when blood was drawn. A muru sought to redress a transgression with the outcome of returning the affected party back to their original position in society. Me he rangatira te tangata nōna te pane i morimoria nei, kātahi ka rangona tēnei kupu morimori e whakahuatia ana, mō te morimoringa hoki o te pane tapu o te rangatira nei. Ka tauatia hoki, ka murua ngā taonga, whenua, aha atu rānei, a te tangata nāna i morimori (JPS 1894:28). / If it was a chief whose head was touched, then this word 'morimori' would be used for the action of touching the sacred head of the chief. The person who touched it would be the subject of a hostile party and his goods, land or other property would be plundered. I tētahi wāhi o Haina e panapana ana te iwi i ngā minita karakia, muru rawa ngā taonga o ngā whare (KO 15/1/1885:2). / In one part of China the people have driven out the church ministers and plundered the possessions of the houses. 3. (verb) (-a) to wipe out, forgive, absolve, excuse, pardon, cancel - a modern connotation. Kei te rapu anō hoki rānei koe kia mātau mehemea kua oti ō hara te muru mō tō tohe tonu ki te inoi, kua hopu rānei koe, he tika kua murua ō hara nō te mea kua pēnā tā te Atua kupu? (THM 1/10/1889:5). / Are you seeking to know if your sins are forgiven because you keep on asking, or is it right that your sins have been forgiven because that is what the word of God says? 4. (verb) (-a) to pluck off (leaves, feathers, etc.). Ka murua ngā rimurimu, me ngā kohukohu i tōna tinana, ka ora ia i reira (NM 1928:24). / The seaweed and moss were removed from his body and then he revived. 5. (modifier) plundering, looting - especially in seeking ritual compensation. I a Mita e ngaro ana, ka māuiuitia tana mokopuna, ka mate ki Poihākena. Te hokinga mai, ka tauatia a Mita ki te taua muru i runga i te whakapae nā āna mahi i mate ai tana mokopuna (TTR 1994:126). / While Mita was away his grandson became ill and died in Sydney. On returning here Mita was the subject of a muru party, on the accusation that he had caused his grandchild's death. 6. (modifier) confiscated, plundered. Kore rawa a Taurua i whakaae kia utua mai ia mō ngā whenua muru (TTR 1990:166). / Taurua never agreed to take any payment for the confiscated land. 7. (noun) confiscation. I tupea e ia he pōrangi mau pū, i whakaanga atu ia ki ngā rōpū kaipetipeti, me te muru hoki i ngā waipiro takahi i te ture (TTR 1998:9). / He disarmed a deranged gunman, confronted groups of gamblers and confiscated moonshine liquor. toi moko 1. (noun) art of tattooing. He pūkenga ngā tohunga ki ngā momo toi whakairo, toi moko, te waihanga whare me ngā mahi ā-wairua (Te Ara 2013). / Tohunga were specialists in areas such as carving, tattooing, building houses and spiritual matters. 2. (noun) tattooed preserved head - done for two reasons, either to venerate a loved one, or as a trophy of war to ridicule an enemy. In the nineteenth century toi moko were traded with Pākehā in exchange for muskets and gunpowder. E rua tekau ngā toi moko Māori e hoki mai ana i Parī ki te wā kāinga nei. Neke atu i te rua rau tau aua tūpuna e takoto ana i roto i ngā whare pupuri taonga o Wīwī (Te Karere 12-1-2012). / Twenty tattooed preserved Māori heads are returning home from Paris. Those ancestors have been in the museums of France for more than two hundred years. ai 1. always, regularly, usually - shows habitual action. In this usage the verb is followed by ai, but no particle is used before the verb. In this and all the following subentries, if present, a manner particle (i.e. kau, kē, noa, rawa or tonu) will follow immediately after the verb, then a directional particle (i.e. mai, atu, iho, or ake), and then ai. Other particles (i.e. anō, hoki, anake, koa, rānei or pea) will follow ai in the phrase. The other locative particles, nei, nā, rā and ana do not occur when ai is used. Haere ai rāua ki te whare karakia i ia Rātapu. / They go to church every Sunday. Ahakoa haere ia ki hea, haria ai e ia tana kurī. / No matter where she goes she takes her dog. Haere ai ngā tāngata i ētahi wā, heoi anō, hoki tonu mai ai rātou (TWK 35:19). / People go away sometimes, but they continually return. (Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2):8;) 2. and then, consequently - when ka preceeds the verb and ai follows it, this denotes an action or state consequent upon some previous action. This usage may also follow another clause beginning with mā. Whakarongo ki ngā tohutohu, ka tīmata ai i ā koutou mahi. / Listen to the instructions and then start your work. Kua pāhitia e te Kāwanatanga kia toru ngā tau kātahi ka hoki ai ngā minita ki ō rātou mīhana (TTT 1/11/1921:9). / The Government has passed a law that after three years the ministers then return to their missions. Mā tāu rourou, mā tāku rourou, ka ora ai te iwi (HJ 2012:190). / With your small flax plaited food basket and my small flax plaited food basket the visitors will be sustained. (Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2):68;Te Kōhure Textbook (Ed. 2):29;) 3. when will, when did - used in questions and statements about when something happened or will happen. For the past tense i will preceed the verb and ai will follow, but in the future tense ai will follow the verb, but no particle, ka or e may preceed the verb. Nōnahea ō mōhiti i ngaro ai? / When did your glasses go missing? Āhea kōrua haere ai ki Te Waipounamu? Ā te 14 o Poutūterangi. / When do you two go to the South Island? On the 14th of March. Hei te Rāhoroi tāua whakatā ai. / On Saturday you and I will rest up. Kua hikitia tā tātou hui - hei ātahirā rā anō ka tū ai. / Our meeting has been put off - it will be held the day after tomorrow. Mō āwhea e tuwhera ai te huarahi hou? (HJ 2012:185). / When will the new road open? (Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2):46, 85;) 4. by what means, by what way, via where - in questions and statements about how someone is travelling or via what place. Mā hea koe haere ai? Mā runga pahi. / How did you travel? By bus. Mā hea kōrua hoki atu ai ki Tāmaki-makau-rau - mā Tauranga, mā Rotorua rānei? Mā Tauranga. / What way are you two returning to Auckland - via Tauranga or Rotorua? (Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2):47-48;) 5. when, where, which, who, whom, that, during which, at which (time), that caused, by which, whereby, why - In clauses in the past tense expressing a resultant action in relation to a particular time, place, reason, way, thing or person already stated in the first part of the sentence. In these subordinate clauses, i will preceed the verb and ai will follow. Ko Te Arawa te waka i ū mai ai ki konei. / Te Arawa was the canoe that landed here. Ko te 1840 te tau i hainatia ai te Tiriti o Waitangi (HJ 2012:187). / The year that The Treaty of Waitangi was signed was 1840. He hōhā nōku i kōrero pēnā ai. / It was because I was fed up that I spoke like that. Koia rā te huarahi i tae mai ai rātou ki te marae. / That was the road by which they reach the marae. Kāore taku mokopuna i whiwhi i tāna i hiahia ai ia. / My granddaughter didn't get that which she wanted. (Te Māhuri Textbook (Ed. 2):43-44;Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2):23-24;Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2):28-29, 120;) 6. when, where, which, who, whom, that, during which, at which (time), that caused, by which, whereby, why - In clauses in the future tense expressing a resultant action in relation to a particular time, place, reason, way, thing or person already stated in the first part of the sentence. In these subordinate clauses, e (or sometimes ka) will preceed the verb and ai will follow. Also used for habitual actions and for subordinate clauses when time is more general and not just the future. Ko te 7 o Haratua te rā e haere ai māua ki Potukara. / The 7th May is the day that she and I go to Portugal. Ko te Hōhipera o Waikato te wāhi e pokaina ai ahau. / Waikato Hospital is the place where I will be operated on. Mā te hīkoikoi i ia rā e ora ai ahau. / By walking each day I will become healthy. Ko Aroha te wahine e tūtaki ai koe i te whare pukapuka. / Aroha is the woman who you meet at the library. Me pēwhea ka ora ai tātou? (HJ 2012:189). / How will we survive? 7. to (do something) - after verbs following location as an alternative to ki te. Haere atu ki korā tākaro ai! / Go over there to play! Ki whea tātou tūtaki ai ā mua o te konohete? / Where will we meet before the concert? (Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2):129;) 8. so that, in order that - after kia. E tuhia ana ēnei kupu kia ako ai koe i te reo Māori. / These words are being written so that you can learn Māori. (Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2):99;Te Māhuri Textbook (Ed. 2):31-32;) 9. mainly because. I wera katoa i te ahi, i te maroke ai hoki o aua rākau. / It was burnt completely by the fire, mainly because the timber was so dry. 10. why?, that - the negative tē also combines with ai, often to follow he aha to ask 'why', or following a reason that something didn't happen. A verb will be placed between tē and ai. He aha kōrua tē haere tahi mai ai? / Why didn't you two come together? Nā te pāngia o Hare e te mate tē tae mai ai ia ki te hui (HJ 2012:192). / Because Harry went down sick, he didn't make the meeting.

Answer 30

pūnaha (noun) system. Anei e whai ake nei ētahi kōrero hei whakapati i te hunga whai mai i tā mātou e kutukutu ahi nei! Arā, ko ngā kōrero a Pou Tēmara mō te pūnaha ringapoto a Te Pēhi (HM 1/1993). / Here follows an account to titillate the people who follow our raving! That is, Pou Tēmara's account about Best's shorthand system. pūnaha rorohiko (noun) computer system, computer platform, digital platform. pūnaha whakarōpū (noun) taxonomy, classification system. pūnaha awhikiri (noun) immune system. pūnaha tukupara (noun) excretory system, urinary system. Ko te pūnaha tukupara ngā whēkau me ngā hanga e tukuna ai ngā para o te tinana ki waho hei mimi (RP 2009:352). / The excretory system is the organs and parts which excrete waste from the body in the form of urine (RP 2009:352). pūnaha ioio (noun) nervous system. pūnaha taiaki (noun) hormonal system. pūnaha toto (noun) blood system. pūnaha uaua (noun) muscular system. pūnaha waitinana (noun) lymphatic system. pūnaha hauropi (noun) ecosystem. Nā te hōrapa o te tope ngahere me te whakatū pāmu kua tino raruraru ngā pūnaha hauropi maha, puta noa i te ao (RP 2009:345). / Because of the expansion of the felling of forests and with the establishment of farms, many ecosystems throughout the world are in serious trouble. pūnaha moni (noun) currency. Ko te pūnaha moni ngā uka me ngā moni pepa o te ōhanga o tētahi whenua (TRP 2010:209). / Currency is the coins and notes of a country's economy (TRP 2010:209). pūnaha ngahuru (noun) metric system. Ko te pūnaha ngahuru: Koia nei ngā waeine e pūtakea mai ana i te tekau. E tino whakamahia ana te pūnaha ngahuru puta noa i te ao. Ko te mita (m) te waeine matua mō te roa, ko te karamu (g) mō te papatipu me te taumaha, ko te rita (l) mō te kītanga (TRP 2010:210). / Metric system: The units of measurement that are based on the number ten. It is in extensive use throughout the world. The metre (m) is the base unit for length, gram (g) for mass and weight, and the litre (l) for capacity (TRP 2010:210). pūnaha tāhūrua (noun) binary system. Ko te 2 te pūtake o te pūnaha tāhūrua. E rua ngā tohutau o tēnei pūnaha (ko te 0 me te 1), ko te rua hoki te hononga o ngā wāhi uara tū (TRP 2010:213). / Two is the base of the binary system. There are two numerals of this system (0 and 1), and two is the link of the place value parts. pūnaha tau (noun) number system. Ko ngā tohutau, ngā tikanga o ia tohutau, me ngā ture mō te whakamahi i ngā tohutau hei whakaatu tau. Arā ngā momo pūnaha tau o te ao, ko tā tātou he pūnaha tekau. He māmā te pūnaha tekau, nā te mea he ngāwari noa iho te whakarea, te whakawehe, te tāpiri me te tango i te tekau, i te rau, i te mano, i tētahi atu taupū rānei o te tekau (TRP 2010:211). / A number system consists of the symbols, the numbers they represent, and rules for combining the symbols together to represent numbers. There are many different number systems throughout the world, ours is a base ten system. A base ten system is straight forward because it is easy to multiply, divide, add and subtract ten, one hundred or any other power of ten (TRP 2010:211). pūnaha tekau (noun) decimal system, base ten system. Koia nei ngā tohutau o tā tātou pūnaha tau. Tekau ngā tohutau, nā te mea he pūnaha tekau: {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9} (TRP 2010:211). / These are the numerals of our number system. There are ten numerals because it is a decimal system: {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9} (TRP 2010:211). pūnaha parakaingaki (noun) sewage system. i whakatakotoria atu e rātau ko ētehi atu o ngā rangatira o Ngāti Pikiao tētehi kerēme ki te Rōpū Whakamana i te Tiriti o Waitangi, e tono ana kia whakakorehia te kaupapa, e mea ana ki te whakatakoto i tētehi paipa hei mau atu i ngā parapara katoa – he mea whaipai ake – i te pūnaha parakaingaki o Rotorua, ka tuku atu ai ki te awa o Kaituna (TTR 2000:21). / He and other prominent members of Ngāti Pikiao laid a claim with the Waitangi Tribunal, asking for the prohibition of the scheme for a pipeline to carry the whole of the treated effluent from Rotorua city’s sewerage system into the Kaituna River. pūnaha kōiwi (noun) skeletal system. pūnaha arahau (noun) respiratory system. Pūnaha Kimi Taunga (noun) Global Positioning System (GPS). He pūnaha amiorangi te Pūnaha Kimi Taunga hei whakaatu i te wāhi noho o tētahi mea (RP 2009:347). / The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a system of satellites used to show the location of something. pūnaha whakaputa uri (noun) reproductive system. pūnaha nakunaku kai (noun) digestive system. Tīmata ai te pūnaha nakunaku kai i te mahi a ngā niho ki te tapatapahi, ki te kauoro i ngā kai (RP 2009:349). / The digestive system begins with the task of the teeth to cut up and grind the food. pūnaha uara tū (noun) place value system. Ko te uara tū o tētahi mati te wāhi e noho ana taua mati i roto i tōna tau. Ko te 10 te tūāpapa o tō tātau pūnaha uara tū. Ko ia uara tū tētahi taupū o te 10 (TRP 2010:303). / The place value of a digit is the place where that digit sits in its number. Ten is the basis of our place value system. Each place value is an indice of 10. mahere ā-pūnaha (noun) systematic plan. Pūnaha Hiringa Whakaea, Te Science and Innovation. pūnaha hiko ā-motu (noun) national electricity grid.

Answer 31

kaihāpai (noun) advocate, champion, promoter, supporter, upholder, backer, campaigner, proponent. Ka mutu nei tana ākiri o mua rā ki tana taha Māori, ka puta a Pātariki Smyth hei tino kaihāpai Māori i te mātauranga (TTR 1998:175). / When he stopped his earlier rejection of his Māori side, Patrick Smyth became a strong Māori advocate for education. Synonyms: kaitautoko, pou tangata kaihāpai o muri (noun) back stage worker. Arā ētahi kaimahi o te tuaroa hei whakatutuki i ngā mahi o reira, pērā i te kaikawe utauta, te pūkenga tūrama, me te kaiwhakapaipai. Ka kīia ēnei tāngata ko ngā kaihāpai o muri (RMR 2017). / There are some workers of the backstage who do the tasks there, such as the carriers of props, the lighting experts and the decorators. These people are called the back stage workers.

Answer 32

kaitiakitanga 1. (noun) guardianship, stewardship, trusteeship, trustee. Nō te tau 1962 i whakatūria a ia hei mana whakaāio, ā, whakatūria ana hoki ia i te tau 1970 ki te poari o te kaitiakitanga mātauranga o Pā Moore hei kanohi mō te iwi Māori (TTR 2000:77). / In 1962 he was made a justice of the peace and he was appointed to the Monsignor Moore Education Trust board in 1970 as the representative of the Māori people. 2. (noun) trust. Ko ngā tāngata i taua hui ko Makiwhārena o Ūawa, ko Hāringi o Tūranga, me Hirimitana o Nēpia, ngā mema o taua Poari, me Wī Pere, Mema o te Pāremata, me Te Rīhi, rōia o Tūranga, me Tiakihana, te Rihīwa o te Kaitiakitanga (TP 5/1903:11). / The people at that meeting were McFarlane of Tolaga Bay, Harding of Gisborne, Shrimpton of Napier who are the members of the board, Wī Pere, Member of Parliament, Mr Rees, Gisborne lawyer, and Jackson, the Receiver of the Trust. mana 1. (verb) to be legal, effectual, binding, authoritative, valid. Ka mārō te takoto a te kupu kia rāhuitia ngā whenua Māori katoa o Aotearoa kia kaua ai e taea te hoko ki te karauna ki te tangata noa rānei, ā mā te Poari o te takiwā e whakatau kia whakaotia rānei ngā tuku e tārewa ana i te wā i mana ai tēnei pire hei ture kāore rānei (TP 1/6/1900:9). / The wording has been finalised that all Māori land be set aside so that it can not be sold to the crown or to an individual and the Board of the district will decide whether the sales underway at the time this bill becomes legal in law will be completed or not. 2. (noun) prestige, authority, control, power, influence, status, spiritual power, charisma - mana is a supernatural force in a person, place or object. Mana goes hand in hand with tapu, one affecting the other. The more prestigious the event, person or object, the more it is surrounded by tapu and mana. Mana is the enduring, indestructible power of the atua and is inherited at birth, the more senior the descent, the greater the mana. The authority of mana and tapu is inherited and delegated through the senior line from the atua as their human agent to act on revealed will. Since authority is a spiritual gift delegated by the atua, man remains the agent, never the source of mana. This divine choice is confirmed by the elders, initiated by the tohunga under traditional consecratory rites (tohi). Mana gives a person the authority to lead, organise and regulate communal expeditions and activities, to make decisions regarding social and political matters. A person or tribe's mana can increase from successful ventures or decrease through the lack of success. The tribe give mana to their chief and empower him/her and in turn the mana of an ariki or rangatira spreads to his/her people and their land, water and resources. Almost every activity has a link with the maintenance and enhancement of mana and tapu. Animate and inanimate objects can also have mana as they also derive from the atua and because of their own association with people imbued with mana or because they are used in significant events. There is also an element of stewardship, or kaitiakitanga, associated with the term when it is used in relation to resources, including land and water. I tērā tau i mātakitaki tātau ki te ānga haeretanga a Tiamani i a Rūhia, me te mea nā anō kua pēpē te mana o Rūhia (TKO 15/8/1916:8). / Last year we watched Germany drive away Russia and it would seem the mana of Russia has been crushed. (Te Kōhure Textbook (Ed. 2):238-240;Te Kōhure Video Tapes (Ed. 1):6;) 3. (noun) jurisdiction, mandate, freedom. Kua oti i a Waata Wiremu Hīpango i raro i te mana o te Komiti Nui o Whanganui ēnei tikanga e mau ake i raro iho nei (TJ 6/10/1898:14). / Under the jurisdiction of the main committee of Whanganui, Walter William Hīpango has completed the following procedures.

Answer 33

whai wāhi (verb) to participate, take part, have a part - often followed by atu. Āpiti atu ki tēnei e kore rawa e whai wāhi ki te kura i a ia anō, te tukunga iho ka heke haere tōna pai mō te mahi minita (TKO 30/4/1920:11). / Added to this is that he will never be able to educate himself, with the result that his value as a clergyman will diminish.

Answer 34

tūranga (noun) stand, position, situation, site, foundation, stance. I eke a Matiu ki te tūranga haihana, engari ka hē kē atu te mate o ana kanohi i ngā kirikiri o Īhipa (TTR 2000:208). / Matiu reached the rank of sergeant, but the problem with his eyes worsened from the sands of Egypt.

Answer 35

matawai 1. (verb) (-tia) to look closely, scrutinize, inspect, scan. Ki te matawai ngā kanohi, ka kitea te ingoa o te ringatoi kei roto i te peita nei. / If you look closely the name of the artist will be seen in this painting. 2. (noun) scanner.

Answer 36

hōtaka (noun) programme, schedule. Ka whakahaerehia te hōtaka pēhi i te mate kohi ki te Tai Rāwhiti (Te Ara 2015). / The programme for controlling tuberculosis on the East Coast was implemented. kaiwhakahau hōtaka (noun) programme commissioner. kaiwhakaraupapa hōtaka (noun) online editor. kaiwhakahaere hanga hōtaka (noun) production manager. kaiāwhina hanga hōtaka (noun) production assistant. tira hanga hōtaka (noun) programme production team. tira hanga hōtaka taiwhanga (noun) studio production team.

Answer 37

hāpai 1. (verb) (-ngia -tia) to take up, support, shoulder. Ka roa kātahi ka tahuri a Ngā-tokowaru ki te whakatūtū i tana ope taua, ā, ka eke ki te mano āna toa hei hāpai i tana pakanga ki a Ngāti Hikairo (NIT 1995:347). / After some time Ngā-tokowaru set about raising his war party, and his warriors numbered a thousand in support of his war against Ngāti Hikairo. 2. (verb) (-a -na -nga -ngia -tia) to lift up, lift, elevate, raise, mete out. Kātahi ka hāpainga au e Rihimona ki runga, ka pangaia au ki roto i te awa (HP 1991:20). / Then Rihimona lifted me up and tossed me into the stream. 3. (verb) (-a -nga -ngia -tia) to begin (a song, karakia, etc.). Ka eke ki runga i te peka rākau ka hāpai i tana waiata (NIT 1995:363). / He climbed onto a tree branch and began his song. 4. (verb) (-a -nga) to set out, set off, start out, get under way (of a journey, etc.) - especially when used with the passive ending. I te ata ka hāpaia te ope, ā, moe rawa atu i Te Kainga-pipi - kei Wai-ngaro (NIT 1995:257). / In the morning the party set off and they finally slept at Te Kainga-pipi - at Wai-ngaro. 5. (verb) to rise (of heavenly bodies), dawn. Rā te haeata e hāpai ana mai (JPS 1948:66). / There behold the dawn's rising. 6. (verb) to carry, bear (weapons and tools). Ko ōna mātua he toa katoa ki te hāpai rākau (TPH 15/12/1899:5). / His father and uncles were all warriors who took up arms. 7. (noun) carrier, bearer, porter. Te amorangi ki mua, te hāpai ō ki muri (JPS 1904:76). / The priests are in front, the bearers of provisions in the rear. (A whakataukī said of an army where everybody should be in their place. It is also explained as the 'amorangi' being the spiritual side and the 'hāpai ō' as the physical needs, thus implying that the spiritual aspect should not be neglected.) mātanga hāpai (noun) consultant. hāpai pū (verb) to take up arms, carry guns. I kaha tā mātou tohe kia kaua anō koutou e hāpai pū ki te whawhai ki te Kāwanatanga, kāhore kau i rongo, turi tonu koutou (TWMNT 14/5/1873:50). / We strongly urged you not to take up arms again to fight the Government, but you took no notice, you were quite obstinate.

Answer 38

tūroro 1. (verb) to be sick, ill, unwell. E tūroro ana anō hoki te tamaiti pōtiki a Matutaera, ā e kīia ana he nui tana mate (TW 19/8/1876:307). / Matutaera's youngest child is also sick and it is said that his illness is serious. 2. (noun) sick person, invalid, patient. Kia āhua roa e pāwerawera ana, ka whakamaroke te tinana o te tūroro ki tētahi tāora, ā ka kuhu ai he kahu maroke (TTT 1/9/1928:846). / When the patient has been hot for quite a long time, dry the body with a towel and put on dry clothes. tūroro (noun) ark shell, Barbatia novaezealandiae - a bivalve mollusc found fixed to the underside of rocks from low tide level to depths of 90 m. The shell is covered with many fine ribs and a dark brown covering of hair. waka tūroro (noun) ambulance. Nō ngā tau 1937 me 1938 i puta anō hoki ia i ana whakamātautau mō te Kāhui o Hoani, ā, e ruarua nei ngā tau e tūmau tūao mai ana ia i ngā waka tūroro o te rohe o Tūtaenui (TTR 2000:6). / He also passed St John Ambulance Association exams in 1937 and 1938, serving as a volunteer ambulance attendant in the Marton area for several years. whare tūroro (noun) sanatorium, sick bay. Ko te mea tino whakamīharo rawa ia ko te whare tūroro me ngā wai ngāwhā hei kaukauranga, i hangaia ki roto i te whare (HKW 1/11/1901:10). / But the really wonderful thing was the sanatorium with hot pools for bathing places constructed inside the building. waka harihari tūroro (noun) ambulance. Kua whakaritea me haere au mā runga i te waka rererangi ki Rotorua, ā, mā te waka harihari tūroro o Taupō au e tiki mai, ā, ka mau ki Taupō (HP 1991:314). / It had been arranged that I should go on the plane to Rotorua and the Taupō ambulance would come to collect me and take me to Taupō.

Answer 39

okioki 1. (verb) to rest, pause. Kei te urupā o Muruika, i Ōhinemutu i Rotorua, te rangatira nei e okioki ana, kei te taha tonu o tōna matua tipuna, o ōna whanaunga, me ngā ika a Whiro o ngā pakanga e rua o te ao (TTR 2000:52). / This leader rests at the Muruika cemetery at Ōhinemutu in Rotorua right beside his father and other relatives and the veterans of two world wars. 2. (noun) rest. Ko te hunga anake e mahi ana, e rūwhā ana, e mōhio ana ki te pai o te okioki (RK 1994:67). / Only the people who are working and exhausted know how good rest is. rā okioki rest day, weekend.

Answer 40

tuku 1. (verb) (-a -na) to release, let go, give up, leave, resign, put off, descend, get off, let down, download (computer), set free, allow, send, pass, serve, bowl, submit - reflects the notion of transfer. Tōna taenga ki taua wāhi kua kaha te hau, ka tukua tōna haika (TP 3/1912:8). / When he reached that place the wind had strengthened and he dropped his anchor. 2. (verb) (-a -na) to relinquish, cede, grant, gift. Nā tētahi o ngā pakeke o Ngāti Rākaipākā, nō te Hāhi o te Hunga Tapu o Ngā Rā o Muri nei, arā, te Hāhi Mōmona, i tuku tētahi pānga whenua hai whakatū i a Kahungunu ki runga (HP 1991:80). / One of the elders of Ngāti Rākaipākā belonging to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, that is the Mormon Church, ceded a piece of land on which to erect Kahungunu. 3. (verb) (-a -na) to present, offer. Ka nui te whaikōrero, ka tukua te kai, arā, te tuna, te inanga, te kōura, te toitoi (JPS 1901:74). / After a lot of speech-making, food was presented, that is eels, whitebait, crayfish and giant bully. 4. (noun) presentation, offering, release, submission. Ki te mea e horohoro ana tō tuku pitihana mō ēnei ture ki te Pāremata, tonoa mai kia tuhi atu mātou i ō mātou ingoa, māu e pine ki raro o ēnei ture e 53 (TW 25/5/1878:270). / If you are in a hurry to submit your petition about these laws to Parliament, ask us to write our names and you can attach them under these 53 laws.

Answer 41

rerehua 1. (verb) to be pleasant to the sight, fancy, aesthetically pleasing, appealing. Ka kīia tonu ia he ringarapa ki te atamira, kāore anō ana nekeneke kia rerehua (RMR 2017). / She is said to be an amateur on the stage, her movements are not yet aesthetically pleasing. 2. (modifier) pleasant to the sight, fancy, aesthetically pleasing, appealing. I te ekenga atu o ōna tau ki te rua tekau i tīmata ai tana mahi patu piana i ngā kanikani o te wā kāinga, me ērā o ngā kura, tae atu ki ngā kanikani mau kaka rerehua (TTR 2000:191). / When she reached twenty she began playing the piano at local and school dances and fancy dress balls. 3. (noun) beauty. Ahakoa tōna rerehua me tana pai hei taonga whai kiko, kei runga rawa ake tōna nui (Te Ara 2013). / Despite its beauty and physical properties its value transcends that. 4. (noun) aesthetic. He rerekē te rerehua o tētahi mahinga toi ki te titiro a tēnā tangata, a tēnā tangata (RTA 2014:152). / Each person's view of the aesthetics of an artwork will be different. tuhi rerehua (noun) calligraphy. E tino kitea ana te tuhi rerehua i ngā kāri tono mārena (RTA 2014:191). / Calligraphy is best seen on wedding invitations.

Answer 42

hautū 1. (verb) to guide, keep in time. I te tau 1886, e ai tā te kōrero, i mua tata atu o te pakarutanga o Tarawera, ka kitea he waka taua e hoe ana i roto o Tarawera Moana, e hautū ana ngā kaihautū, e ngū ana ngā kaihoe (TP 1/1/1901:7). / According to accounts, in 1886, just before the Tarawera eruption, a war canoe was seen paddling on Lake Tarawera. The leaders were calling the timing and the paddlers were silent. 2. (modifier) leadership, leading. Nā te kore kaha o Whina ki te whakarite i ngā tautohetohenga e popoke nei i tana whānau me tana tūranga hautū, ka tau nei te whakaaro kia wehe atu ia i Te Hokianga (TTR 2000:42). / Because Whina lacked the strength to deal with controversies besetting her family and her leadership position leader, she decided that she would leave Hokianga. 3. (noun) leader, person in control. I te ekenga o te Māori ki runga e karawhiu ana te hautū, "He tia, he tia, he tia; he ranga, he ranga, he ranga...!" (HKW 1/7/1900:8). / When the Māori boarded the leader called, "Downward plunge, downward plunge, downward plunge; lift, lift, lift...!" 4. (noun) song for keeping time. Ki te whakaaro a ngā tokorua nei, i tata ki te whā tekau ngā kaihoe, he mea āta whakarārangi ki tētahi taha, ki tētahi taha. Kāore he reo i rangona e rāua, kāore hoki he kaihautū i kitea atu, engari ko te kaiwhakatere pea ki te whakahua i ngā kupu o te hautū, inā hoki, rite tonu te tungou o te upoko o te tangata, rite tonu te whiu o te hoe (HKW 1/1/1901:7). / These two considered that there were nearly forty paddlers lined along each side. They didn't hear any voices and no leader could be seen, but perhaps the steersman was calling the words of the song to keep time because the bowing of the men's heads and the plunging of the paddles were in unison.

Answer 43

whātui (verb) (-a) to lace together, tie together, fold (a garment). He nui te ika kei taua moana; he mōhio rawa hoki aua tāngata ki te mahi ika, ā rātou kupenga he mea whātui ki te mea āhua rite ki te kākaho (TWMNT 19/5/1874:130). / Fish abound in that sea, and the people are skilled at fishing, weaving their nets with a sort of reed. Tomoana, Paraire Hēnare (personal name) (1874/75?-1946) Ngāti Kahungunu, Ngāti Te Whatuiāpiti; leader, sportsman and politician who set up, published and edited the pro-Māori newspaper Te Wananga. (Te Kōhure Textbook (Ed. 2):167;)

Answer 44

hoe 1. (verb) (-a) to paddle, row. Ka hoe mātau ki te ngutuawa (HP 1991:16). / We paddled to the river mouth. 2. (verb) (-a) to push away. Tōna pānga atu ki a ia ka hoea mai (W 1971:55). / When he touched her he was pushed away. 3. (noun) paddle, oar. Kua eke te punga, kua mau ki ngā hoe, kua kori katoa, kua korero i tō rātou reo (TP 1/1911:5). / When the anchor was aboard, they took hold of their oars and they all moved into action and spoke their language.

Answer 45

whakatangitangi 1. (verb) (-hia) to play an instrument. He nui ngā mahi i mahia e te Pākehā i konā, arā ngā mahi whakatangitangi pēne, whakatangitangi piana, whakatangitangi whira (TJ 19/7/1900:15). / There were a lot of amusements enjoyed by the Pākehā there, such as playing band music, playing the piano and the fiddle. 2. (verb) (-hia) to make sounds repeatedly. Ko te manu e whakatangitangi ana ki tana pī kia whakarērea te kōhanga kia rere rāua ki te takiwā (TTT 1/7/1924:70). / The bird chirping to its chick to abandon the nest and together fly off into space. 3. (modifier) playing an instrument, instrumental. E rua ngā rōpū whakatangitangi ko tā ngā tamariki o Mōteo, me tā Rākaipākā (TTT 1/9/1927:651). / There were two instrumental groups, that of the children of Mōteo and that of Rākaipākā. 4. (noun) playing (of an instrument), performance. I muri iho i te whakatangitangi a te pēne, ka tū atu a Te Tātana rāua ko Rev. Āta Wiremu ki te mihi ki te māhita o te kura, ki ngā tamariki hoki mō tā rātou whakatangitangi (TP 3/1912:5). / After the band's performance, Mr Thornton and Rev. Arthur Williams stood up to thank the school master and the children for their performance. 5. (noun) scarlet rātā vine, Metrosideros fulgens - a native vine with orange-red flowers, mainly during winter.

Answer 46

whana 1. (verb) (-ia) to spring back, kick (backwards), impel. Kia tūpato, kei whana te hōiho! / Be careful, the horse might kick! 2. (verb) to revolt, rebel, mutiny, rise up, riot. E whana ana te ngākau o te taitama ki ngā tohutohu a tōna whaea. / The boy is rebelling against the instructions of his mother. 3. (verb) to rush, charge. Kātahi ka kōkiri te matua a Ngāti Raukawa. Ka motu mai ki te ara, ka haere te kaiwhakatakoto i te mānuka, i muri e whana atu ana te kaiwero - ko Kemene Piharau o Wairarapa (TWMNT 12/12/1872:150). / Then Ngāti Raukawa's army thrust forward. When they had moved some distance the man laying down the challenge stick went forward and after that the challenger, Kemene Piharau of Wairarapa, sprang forward. 4. (noun) jerking, recoiling, springing back. Nō te otinga o ēnei mea katoa, kātahi ka homai e tōku kaihanga ki roto ki ōku pongaponga te manawa ora. Nō konā tonu i tīmata ai taku tokomauri mō taku tūpekepeke me te whana o ōku ringaringa me te koa o tōku ngākau (TPH 30/3/1901:3). / When all these things were completed, then my creator put the breath of life in my nostrils. As a result I began to hiccough, kick and my arms jerked and my heart rejoiced. 5. (noun) revolt, rebellion, mutiny, uprising, riot, insurrection. Porowhiua atu ana e te hunga whakawā te whakapae mō te whana i te kāwanatanga (TTR 1996:182). / The jury threw out the charge of sedition (DNZB 1996:446). 6. (noun) bow (archery). whana 1. (verb) to travel, come, go. Ka moe atu te tangata rā i tētehi wahine, ka riri te iwi ki a ia, ā, ā, te tukunga iho ka whana atu ia ki te wao nui a Tāne (JPS 1896:120). / When the man took another wife, the tribe was angry with him, so in the end, he went away to the great forest of Tāne. 2. (verb) to be on the point of, about to. Ka karanga a Taihā, "Kia āpititūtia, kia whana te hingahinga ngā tūpāpaku." (W 1971:486). / Taihā called out, "Charge, the intended victims are about to fall." Synonyms: hono whana whiu (verb) to take a penalty kick (rugby). whana whiwhi (verb) to take a free kick (rugby). whana tōrunga (noun) positive charge. He iraoho kei te karihi o te ngota, he whana tōrunga tō ngā iraoho (RP 2009:455). / The nucleus of the atom contains protons which have a positive charge (RP 2009:455). whana tōraro (noun) negative charge. He irahiko e amio haere ana i te karihi, he whana tōraro tō ngā irahiko (RP 2009:455). / There are electrons moving around the nucleus, which have a negative charge (RP 2009:455). whana hiko (noun) electrical charge. Mēnā he whana hiko tō tētahi ngota, ka kīia he katote (RP 2009:455). / When an atom becomes charged, it is called an ion (RP 2009:455). whana ripi (noun) grubber kick (rugby). whana hāmene (noun) penalty kick (rugby). whana hōkai (noun) cross (pass). whana whakatau (verb) to take a tap kick (rugby). whana koko (noun) corner kick (soccer). whana taka (noun) drop kick (rugby). whana tūānuku (noun) place kick (rugby). whana whakapiro (verb) to take a drop goal (rugby). makamaka whana (noun) war dance - haka in which the men are armed and jump up and down. Performed by the war party before going into battle, in front of elders and experienced warriors who judged by their performance whether they were ready to go into battle. Also called tūtū ngārahu, tūtū ngārehu, tūtū waewae and whakatū waewae. whana whakaū (verb) to take a conversion (rugby). whana tukutahi (noun) sudden simultaneous attack. Te whana tukutahi, te whana kai tangata (M 2006:120). / The simultaneous charge, the final charge to rout the enemy. whana kokoti (noun) ambush, ambuscade. whana turu (noun) half-hearted attack. Ka kōkiri te matua, nā kāore i kaha te kōkiri, i oma ētehi, ka haere atu ētehi; koinei te whana turu (W 1971:486). / The main division charged, but the charge was not strong and some fled and others went away; that is a half-hearted charge. whana kai tangata (noun) final charge to rout the enemy. Te whana tukutahi, te whana kai tangata (M 2006:120). / The sudden attack, the final charge to rout the enemy. whana ine-taumaha (noun) spring scale.

Answer 47

hiki 1. (verb) (hīkina -ngia -tia) to lift up, raise, carry in the arms, nurse (a baby), remove, take away, convey - in the passive form if the passive ending -na is used the first i is lengthened, i.e. hīkina. I whakakīa te pēke hiraka ki te kāhi haitorotini, mā taua kāhi e hiki te pēke (TP 2/1900:4). / The silk bag was filled with hydrogen gas and that gas lifts the bag. 2. (verb) (hīkina -ngia -tia) to shift (to another site), move. Ka hīkina te whare o Makarita ki rāwāhi atu i te huarahi ki te marae (EM 2002:206). / Makarita's house was shifted across the road to the marae. 3. (verb) (hīkina -tia) to adjourn (a meeting or hui), recess, suspend, postpone. Kua hīkina te whakawā i a Tame Iti mō te pupuhi i tana pū i te wā o te pōhiri a te iwi o Ngāi Tūhoe ki Te Rōpū Whakamana i te Tiriti o Waitangi, ki te 20 o Mahuru. / The judicial hearing against Tame Iti for shooting his gun at the time of Ngāi Tūhoe's welcome ceremony to the Waitangi Tribunal has been adjourned to the 20th of September. 4. (verb) (hīkina -tia) to raise, end, lift (a rāhui). Ko tētahi mahi a Rangiheuea me tōna iwi, ia tau, mō te kotahi marama i te wā e tika ana, he kokoti i te tōrea hei huahua mā rātau. Ka ngata ō rātau hiahia i taua marama, kua whakatauria he rāhui, kia tae rā anō ki te wā tika i te tau o muri mai, kātahi anō ka hīkina te rāhui (EM 2002:157). / A task that Rangiheuea and his people did each year for one month at the appropriate season was snaring oyster catchers for preserving in their own fat for food. When their needs were satisfied in that month a rāhui (temporary ritual prohibition) was set in place and it wasn't until the next season that the rāhui was lifted. 5. (verb) to start, jump (from surprise, etc.). Ka hiki tōku poho (W 1971:49). / I was startled. 6. (verb) to slip up, skip - when reciting a karakia, etc. Traditionally considered to be a bad omen. He aituā tō tāua, i hiki taku karakia (NM 1928:22). / We have a mishap because I slipped up with my ritual chant. 7. (noun) recess. 8. (noun) seam, join - join between two widths of a floor mat, etc. Ko te hiki te ingoa o te rārangi tuitui e hono ana i ētahi papanga e rua (RTA 2014:192). / The hiki (seam) is the name of the line of sewing joining two layers. 9. (noun) charm for raising anything from the water, or to cause people to migrate, or to free the hands from tapu. Kātahi ia ka hāpai ake i tana hiki ake mō tana ika kia maiangi ake (N 1928:16). / Then he began his hiki charm for his fish to be raised it up. hiki rua (noun) clean and jerk (weightlifting). hiki tahi (noun) snatch (weightlifting). wā hiki (noun) time out (sport). hiki tāmitanga (noun) stress relief. hiki maitai (noun) weightlifting. tōpana hiki (noun) lift (force). hiki taumahatanga (verb) to alleviate distress.

Answer 48

whakatau 1. (verb) (-a -hia -ngia -ria) to decide, settle, prepare, determine, arbitrate, adjudicate. I te 17 o Hune nei, i whakawākia rāua i te Kōti Matua mō te hara tuhituhi pukanoa i ngā ingoa tāngata kē ki ngā tieki tono moni i ngā pēke, ā whakataua ana e te kōti kia kotahi tau mō tētahi, mō tētahi ki te whare herehere (TWMA 20/6/1884:3). / On 17th June they went on trial in the Supreme Court for writing fraudulent cheques and were each sentenced by the court to one year in prison. 2. (verb) (-a -hia -ngia) to go to meet, visit. Ā, haere ana rātou ki te whakatau i taua tangata nei (JPS 1952:189). / So they went to meet the man. 3. (verb) (-a -hia -ngia) to welcome officially, welcome formally. Tērā atu anō ētahi o ngā rangatira o Ngāti Porou i tū ki te whakatau i te manuhiri (HKW 1/4/1902:3). / There were some other leaders of Ngāti Porou who stood to formally welcome the visitors. 4. (verb) (-a -hia -ngia) to imitate, mime, mimic, act out, feign, make believe, simulate. Ka whakatau te tangata rā i te kaiako, hemo ana mātou i te kata (PK 2008:1135). / When that man imitated the teacher we died laughing. 5. (verb) (-a -hia -ngia) to put on as an ornament, adorn. Whakataua mai te awe o te toroa (W 1971:396). / Put on the feather plumes of the albatross. 6. (modifier) decisive. Ko taua kupu whakatau a te kōti ka waiho hei kupu tūturu tonu ki ngā tāngata katoa e uru ana ki taua mahi (TWMNT 5/9/1876:216). / That decision of the court remained as the guiding principle for all the people entering into that occupation. 7. (modifier) welcoming, greeting. Nā Te Wiremu ngā kupu whakatau i a ia (HKW 1/5/1902:4). / Mr Williams gave the words of welcome to him. 8. (noun) decision, settlement, role play, charade. Ko te whakatau a ngā tākuta, kāhore rawa he pōrangi o taua none, ā nō konei ka tukua ia e te kōti kia haere (TKO 30/9/1920:11). / The decision of the doctors was that that nun was not mentally ill, and as a result she was released by the court. 9. (noun) official welcome speeches. Auina iho i te ahiahi o taua rā anō i te 8 o ngā hāora, ka haere ngā mihi me ngā whakatau ki a ia (TKO 6/1914:1). / Later in the evening of that same day at 8 o'clock the speeches of welcome to him occurred. whakatau (verb) to bark. Ka whakatau te kurī (W 1971:396). / The dog barked. mihi whakatau (noun) speech of greeting, official welcome speech - speech acknowledging those present at a gathering. For some tribes a pōhiri, or pōwhiri, is used for the ritual of encounter on a marae only. In other situations where formal speeches in Māori are made that are not on a marae or in the wharenui (meeting house) the term mihi whakatau is used for a speech, or speeches, of welcome in Māori. whakatau māuiui (noun) diagnosis. titiro whakatau (verb) to look intently, stare, look hard, gape, gawk, gaze, watch. Kātahi anō taua tangata rā ka titiro whakatau atu (NM 1928:52). / Then the man looked intently at him. whakatau wawe (verb) to predict. whakatau whānui (verb) to make generalisations. whana whakatau (verb) to take a tap kick (rugby). huarahi whakatau (noun) settlement process. Ka noho tō rāua mārenatanga hei huarahi whakatau i te puehu i waenganui i a Ngāti Pāhauwera me ngā hunga tautoko i a Te Kooti (TTR 1996:59). / Their marriage was the settlement process in the dispute between Ngāti Pāhauwera and the supporters of Te Kooti. whakatau tata 1. (verb) to estimate. Ka whakamahia ngā tau āwhiwhi hei whakatau tata i te otinga o tētahi paheko (TRP 2010:322). / Approximate numbers are used to estimate the result of an operation. 2. (noun) estimate. Ko tāku whakatau tata, kotahi mano ngā tāngata i tae mai ki te mautohe i te kimi hinu i te parumoana. / My estimate is that one thousand people arrived to protest against oil exploration of the seabed. kupu whakatau 1. (noun) welcoming words, welcoming expression. I ōna rā, ko Ruawehea te ariki tapairu o Ngāti Hako o Hauraki. Inā ngā kupu whakatau manuhiri ka kuhu ki tōna rohe: "Haere mai, nau mai. Haere mai, kuhu noa mai ki ngā hūhā o Ruawehea." (Te Ara 2015). / In her day, Ruawehea was the high-born woman of the Ngāti Hako tribe of the Hauraki area. Here are the welcoming expressions to visitors entering her territory: "Come forth, welcome. Come forth and enter the thighs of Ruawehea." 2. (noun) decision, judgement. Ki te oti te whakawā ka puta te kupu whakatau a te Tiati ki te hunga i kitea te tika ki taua whenua (RT 2013:34). / If the judicial hearing is completed the Judge's decision revealing the rights to that land is delivered to the group. 3. (noun) recommendation, report. Kei te takoto tonu taua whenua i raro i te tikanga Māori, nō reira ka kore he kupu whakatau a tēnei Komiti (RT 2013:34). / That land still remains under Māori custom, so this Committee has no recommendation. Ratonga Whakatau Wenerau, Te Dispute Resolution Services. Tari Whakatau Take e pā ana ki te Tiriti o Waitangi, Te Office of Treaty Settlements. pōhuatau (noun) apt saying - includes whakatauākī, karakia, ngeri and haka. Ko te whaikōrero ki a Te Arawa he kōrero tapu tonu tēnei kōrero, nā te mea ka kite ana koe, ka rongo ana koe i ngā kaumātua, ngā tāngata o Te Arawa e whaikōrero ana, ka tīmatahia ā rātou kōrero ki te pōhuatau (Rewi 2005:184). / According to Te Arawa oratory is sacred talk because when you see and hear the elders and the men of Te Arawa making speeches their talk begins with an apt saying.

Answer 49

kimi 1. (verb) (-hia) to look for, seek, search, hunt for. Ehara pea ko te pāpaku o te reo o te hunga nei te raru nui, engari ko te kore kē e hōhonu o te ruruku ki te kimi rongoā hei whakaora i ōna ngoikoretanga (HM 4/2008:5). / It's probably not the superficiality of the language of this group that's the big problem, but the lack of depth in the commitment to search for a remedy to overcome its shortcomings. 2. (noun) quest, search, hunt. He maha ngā āhuatanga hou ki te Māori i te nekenga ki ngā tāone, ko te kimi mahi, ko te kimi whare, ko te whai mātauranga (Te Ara 2015). / Many new aspects faced Māori in the move into the cities, including the quest for employment and housing, and the pursuit of education. kimi hamuti to make it up, make up, seek forgiveness, reconcile - an idiom used when the speaker has made a serious transgressed and wishes to make it up with the person, or people, affected by the transgression. Stronger than kimi patero. Rangi: Arā te tāhae i mau rā i a tāua e whānako ana i taku motukā. Pare: Āe rā. Me kōrero atu tāua ki a ia? Rangi: Waiho atu i konā kimi ai i tana hamuti (HKK 1999:74). / Rangi: There is the thief that we caught stealing my car. Pare: Yes indeed. Should we talk to him? Rangi: Leave him alone to make it up to us. kimi patero to make it up, make up, seek forgiveness, reconcile - an idiom used when the speaker has transgressed in some way and wishes to make it up with the person, or people, affected by the transgression. Pare: I kite koe i ngā tiakarete i hokona e Eruera mā Manu? Rangi: Āna, kei te kimi tērā i tana patero, i te mea nāna i tātā a Manu mō te kore noa iho (HKK 1999:74). / Pare: Did you see the chocolates that Eruera bought for Manu? Rangi: Yes indeed, he is seeking forgiveness because he thrashed Manu for no reason. kimi tangata (verb) to recruit. kimi kaimahi 1. (verb) to recruit staff. 2. (noun) staff recruitment. Pūnaha Kimi Taunga (noun) Global Positioning System (GPS). He pūnaha amiorangi te Pūnaha Kimi Taunga hei whakaatu i te wāhi noho o tētahi mea (RP 2009:347). / The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a system of satellites used to show the location of something. Kimi-ākau (location) Shotover River (Queenstown). nāna anō tōna mate i kimi she thought she knew better, she brought it upon herself, he thought he knew better, he brought it upon himself, he got what was coming to him, she dug her own grave - an idiom.

Answer 50

waruwaru 1. (verb) (-hia -ngia -tia) to remove the outer coating, scrape, grate, pare, shear, peel. Waruwarutia ai te tapeha (HP 1991:14). / The bark was scraped off. 2. (modifier) paring, scraping, grating, shearing. I whakatenetene tonu nei te kaiwhakaako o Pine a Rotohiko Haupapa, he whao waruwaru noa nei tāna, ki te whāki atu i ngā muna whakairo a Te Arawa ki ngā kaiako o Ngāti Porou (TTR 1998:186). / Pine's teacher, Rotohiko Haupapa, was using only the paring chisel, and was reluctant to reveal the secrets of Te Arawa carving skills to the students from Ngāti Porou. 3. (noun) removing the outer coating, shearing, paring, scraping, grating. Tīhema. Ko ngā mahi mō tēnei marama, rite tahi ana ki ō tērā kua pahemo atu rā, arā, te mahi kāri, te whakatō purapura, te ngaki otaota, te hanga taiepa, te kāta rākau, te waruwaru i ngā hipi, me te whakamaroke i ngā tarutaru hei kai mā te hōiho (TKM.MM 16/12/1861:20). / December. The work for this month is the same as that for the one just passed, that is, working the garden, planting out seeds, weeding, erecting fences, carting wood, shearing the sheep, and making hay as food for the horses.

Answer 51

hongere 1. (noun) channel. Uru ana ngā whenua katoa e takoto ana ki te hauāuru o ngā Hakihona o te Tonga me ngā whenua i te awa o te Temu tae noa ki te moana i karangatia ko te Hongere Ingirihi (KO 15/10/1887:6). / It encompassed all the lands lying to the west of the South Saxons and the lands from the River Thames right to the ocean called the English Channel. 2. (noun) television channel. Me whakatū tētahi hongere whakaata irirangi Māori (HM 4/1996). / A Māori television channel should be established. Hongere Ingarihi, Te (noun) English Channel - the sea separating southern England from northern France. Uru ana ngā whenua katoa e takoto ana ki te hauāuru o ngā Hakihona o te Tonga me ngā whenua i te awa o te Temu tae noa ki te moana i karangatia ko Te Hongere Ingirihi (KO 15/10/1887:6). / It encompassed all the lands lying to the west of the South Saxons and the lands from the River Thames right to the ocean called the English Channel.

Answer 52

whakatū 1. (verb) (-hia -ngia -ria -tia) to make stand, erect, put up, construct, raise, establish. Me whakatū he pēke motuhake mā ngā Māori hei huarahi āwhina i ngā Māori ki runga i ngā mahi pāmu, hoko kau, hanga whare mō rātou, whakatū wheketere pata, mira kani rākau, mira haraheke, me ērā atu mahi e puta ai he painga mō te iwi Māori (TTT 1/10/1931:63). / Separate banks should be established as a way to help Māori with regard to farming, buying cows, building houses for themselves, establishing butter factories, sawmills, flax mills and those other activities that will benefit the Māori people. 2. (verb) (-hia -ngia -ria -tia) to elect, put on, instigate, appoint, place. Mā te Kāwana e whakatū atu tētahi perehitini hei whakakapi mōna (TWMNT 30/10/1872:140). / The Governor will appoint a president as his replacement. 3. (verb) (-hia -ngia -ria -tia) to stop, pull up, bring to a halt. Ka kite hoki taku tuakana i a au e tū ana i te taha o te huarahi i tō mātau kāinga, ka whakatū ia i ana hōiho, kia piki atu au ki runga i te rore, ka noho i tōna taha (HP 1991:22). / And when my elder brother saw me standing at the side of the road at our home he stopped his horses and I climbed onto the lorry and sat beside him. 4. (modifier) erecting, establishing, instituting. Ko te wāhi hou o tēnei pōti ko te whakaaetanga o te taha turaki i te waipiro kia utua te moni e whā miriona pauna me te hāwhe (£4,500,000) ki te rōpū whakatū hōtēra mehemea ka tupono te hinga o te taha whakatū waipiro i tēnei pōti (TKO 12/2/1919:3). / The new part of this election is the agreement of the alcohol prohibitionists to pay four and a half million pounds (£4,500,000) to the association erecting hotels if the side supporting alcohol happens to be defeated at this election. 5. (noun) erection (of a building, etc.), election, establishment. Ko te kaupapa i mārama ki tēnei komiti ko te whakatū i tētahi Māori hei pīhopa āwhina, hei tiaki i te taha Māori (TTT 1/5/1928:774). / The matter is clear to this committee is the establishment of a Māori as assistant bishop to care for the Māori aspect.

Answer 53

makere 1. (verb) to be dropped, fall from a height, get down, get rid of, take off, alight, descend. Nā te peka o te tutu i ārau, i makere ai tōku pōtae (W 1971:14). / My hat got entangled with the branch of the tutu tree and fell off. 2. (stative) be lost, abandoned, taken off. Whakaputaia atu i tētahi kīato ki tētahi atu, kia toru kīato e mau ai te taura, kei makere i te ngaru (JPS 1990:147). / He made it come round from one thwart to the other, so there would be three thwarts holding the rope, in case it be taken by the waves. 3. (noun) odd number, or more, in excess of - denotes excess above a round number. E whitu tekau makere e whakaraua ana ki waho o te pā (W 1971:170) / Over seventy were being captured outside the pā. Kua nōhia e Te Whānau-ā-Apanui ēnei whenua mō te waru rau tau makere atu (WT 2013:3). / Te Whānau-ā-Apanui have lived on these lands for over 800 years. Synonyms: mahue, rohai, toreke Mākere (personal name) Margaret. Ko tana kōkā ko Mākere Tangikuku o Te Aitanga-a-Mate ki Hiruhārama (TTR 1990:374). / His mother was Margaret Tangikuku of Te Aitanga-a-Mate at Hiruhārama. hinengaro makere 1. (verb) to be forgetful, absent-minded. Nōku kē ka hoki mai nei ka whakaae kua hinengaro makere noa iho au nā te mea i wareware i a au te take i haere pērā atu ai au. / On my return I agreed that I had become absent-minded because I forgot why I went there. 2. (adjective) be absent-minded, forgetful. Kāore tonu au i te maumahara kei whea ake nei aku mōhiti, he hinengaro makere nōku. / I can't remember just where my glasses are, I'm so forgetful. 3. (noun) forgetful person, scatterbrain. Kātahi te hinengaro makere ko koe, e hoa. / What a forgetful person you are, my friend. Synonyms: pakihaha tarau makere (noun) promiscuous woman. kaitui kākahu (noun) tailor, dressmaker, seamstress, garment maker, outfitter. kaihanga (noun) maker, builder, creator, architect, producer, drafter. I te wā o te Pakanga Tuarua ko Rotohiko tonu tētehi o ngā kaihanga o te kaupapa a Te Meihana ki te whakahāngai ake i te Ture Kaunihera Māori (TTR 1998:69). / During the Second World War, Rotohiko himself was one of the architects of Mason's scheme to update the Māori Councils Act. kaihanga kiriata (noun) film maker. I tipu ake he rakahinonga hou – ngā kaihanga kiriata, ngā kaihanga pūmanawa rorohiko, ngā kaikōpiro waipiro, ngā kaitunu kai me ngā kaihoahoa kākahu (Te Ara 2012). / A new breed of Māori entrepreneur developed – film makers, computer software developers, brewers, chefs and clothes designers. Haumanu (personal name) a group of players of traditional Māori music and instrument makers established under the leadership of Dr Hirini Melbourne.

Answer 54

tūhāhā 1. (verb) to be standing alone, isolated, unique, separate, independent. I tūhāhā ai taua kura nā te mea ehara nō te Tari Mātauranga te whenua, te wharekura me ngā kaiwhakaako (HM 2/1991:2). / That school was independent because the land, school and teachers did not belong to Education Department. 2. (modifier) standing alone, isolated, unique, separately spaced. I whakamārama mai a nehe mā i piki ētahi mā te toi huarewa ki te toi o ngā rangi, arā ki tō runga rawa o ngā rangi tūhāhā (TTT 1/8/1923:6). / The old men and women explained that some climbed via the suspended way to the uppermost heaven, that is the the highest of the separately spaced heavens. 3. (noun) uniqueness, separateness, independence, individuality. Nō whea te ingoa nei 'Kura Kaupapa Māori'? Ki taku mōhio nā Pita Sharples o te Marae o Hoani Waititi, i whakahua hei kupu whakamārama i te āhua me te tūhāhā o te Kura o Hoani Waititi nā rātou o te marae o Hoani Waititi i whakatū (HM 2/1991:2). / Where did the name 'Kura Kaupapa Māori' come from? I think it was given by Peter Sharples of the Hoani Waititi Marae when he used it as a term to explain the nature and uniqueness of the Hoani Waititi School established by the people of Hoani Waititi Marae. rangi tūhāhā (noun) separately spaced heavens. Kotahi tekau, tekau-mā-rua rānei ngā rangi tūhāhā (Te Ara 2015). / There are ten or twelve separately spaced heavens. Tamatea Tuhāhā (personal noun) moon on the twenty-fourth night of the lunar month for Te Whānau-ā-Apanui.

Answer 55

tāpiri 1. (verb) (-a -hia -tia) to add on, supplement, append, join, add. Ko rātau ētahi o ngā hōia tāpiri atu ki Te Hokowhitu-ā-Tū kua tae kē ki te pae o te pakanga (HP 1991:33). / They were some of the additional troops of the Māori Battalion that had already been to the combat zone. E whitu, tāpirihia te whā, ka tekau mā tahi (7 + 4 = 11) (TRP 2010:261). / Seven, plus four, equals eleven (7 + 4 = 11). 2. (modifier) additional, extra, more, supplementary, auxiliary, further, added. I tōna koroheketanga ka whakamōhoutia e Tiramōrehu tōna kaha ki te kaitaonga whenua tāpiri mō Ngāi Tahu (TTR 1990:351). / In his old age Tiramōrehu renewed his efforts to obtain additional land for Ngāi Tahu. 3. (noun) anything added or appended, assistant, extra. Me te tāpiri atu o ngā tau 50 e tautokona whānuitia ana e te Māori te mana hirahira nā te tūranga kīngi i hoatu ki a ia (TTR 1996:225). / With the extra support of 50 years of widespread Māori recognition of the special status given to him by his position as king. 4. (noun) vigorous shoot growing up beside the main stem of a plant. Ka tupu ngā tāpiri o te karaka nei (W 1971:384). / The vigorous shoots of this karaka tree grow. moko tāpiri (noun) common gecko, Hoplodactylus maculatus - variable in colour and pattern but usually pale brown or putty-grey marked with paler and darker shades. Ko te moko kākāriki me te moko tāpiri ka whakanōhia kia tata ki te kōhatu mauri hei tiaki i taua kōhatu mō ake tonu atu (Te Ara 2011). / The green gecko and common gecko were released near mauri stones as guardians forever. tau tāpiri (noun) addend - a number or quantity to be added to another. niho tāpiri (noun) overlapping tooth. He momo whītiki maitai ka whakamaua ki ōna niho hei whakatika i te niho tāpiri (PK 2008:498). / A type of steel brace was attached to her teeth to straighten the overlapping tooth. pūtea tāpiri (noun) subsidy. Ka whiwhi pūtea tāpiri te hunga iti nei ā rātou moni whiwhi, mō ā rātou utunga hauora (Te Ara 2012). / Those on low incomes receive subsidies for medical costs. wā tāpiri (noun) extra time (sport). kupu tāpiri (noun) footnote. kōaro tāpiri (noun) additive inverse (maths). Ki te tāpiria tētahi tau me tōna kōaro tāpiri, ko te 0 te otinga (TRP 2010:151). / If one number and its additive inverse are added together, 0 is the result. tāpiri atu ki in addition to, as well as, added to, coupled with, alongside. Tāpiri atu ki tēnā, he tino tauira tēnei waiata mō te tūmomo tito waiata a te Māori (TTR 2000:133). / In addition to that, this song was an outstanding classic of Māori songwriting.

Answer 56

Pukamata (noun) Facebook - an online social networking service. Kua horapa ana kiriāhua mā te Pukamata. / Her selfies have been distributed via Facebook.

Answer 57

ū 1. (verb) (-ngia) to land (a vessel), reach the land, arrive by water, strike home (of weapons or blows). Ka ū a Tamatea ki uta, ka hikaia tōna ahi, ka tahuna te whenua (TPH 26/10/1898:5). / When Tamatea came ashore he kindled his fire and burnt the ground. 2. (verb) to be firm, fixed, resolute, unyielding. Kātahi ka riringi ki roto i ngā pātara, kia ū te pangu, ka whītikia ki te tuaina (TJ 8/12/1898:7). / Then pour it into bottles, put in the bungs and tie them down with twine. 3. (verb) to comply. Ko te mea rerekē o ēneki rā, kua rahi ake ngā mahi whakahaere me te ū ki ngā ture (RT 2013:96). / The difference these days is that there are more organisational tasks and compliance with the laws. ū (noun) breast (of a female), udder, teat. Matawaia rawa ōku kanohi i te roimata, e ohooho ana ōku whēkau, kua maringi tōku ate ki runga ki te whenua, he meatanga ki te wāwahanga o te tamāhine a tōku iwi; nō te mea hemo ana ngā kōhungahunga me ngā mea ngote ū i ngā huarahi o te pā (PT Nga Tangi a Heremaia 2:11). / Mine eyes do fail with tears, my bowels are troubled, my liver is poured upon the earth, for the destruction of the daughter of my people; because the children and the sucklings swoon in the streets of the city. mate ū (noun) mastitis. pae ū goal line. whakaata ū (noun) mammogram. konukarihi (noun) uranium (U). ōhou (determiner) your (one person) - when referring to more than one thing - variation of ōu. Ki te hopu koe i te kōura, ka whawhai te kōura, ka rapirapi ia i ōhou ringa. / If you catch the crayfish it will fight and will scratch your hands. nōhou belonging to you (one person) - variation in Eastern dialects of nōu. Ka pātai au ki a koe, "He aha te take i kore ai koe e tuhi i tō ingoa?" He mataku pea nōhou kei mōhio au ki a koe (TJ 27/4/1899:10). / I ask you, "Why didn't you write you name?" Perhaps it's because you are afraid in case I know you. (Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2):23-24;Te Kōhure Textbook (Ed. 2):80;) nāhau belonging to you (one), yours (one), you did - variation of nāu. Nāhau nei i rui te kākano kua pūāwaitia hei katoranga mā tō iwi Māori, e (TTR 2000:236). / It was you who sowed the seed that has blossomed to be plucked by your Māori people. (Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2):31-32;) wāu (determiner) your (plural) - variation of āu. Kātahi au ka pātai atu, "Nō hea wāu moni i pēnā ai te tini o wāu mea?" (TWK 14:5). / Then I asked, "Where did your money come from that you have so many things?" (Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2):52-56, 108-110;) -mia A passive ending used only after verbs ending with -o or -u. Kua inumia kētia te miraka. / The milk has been drunk already. (Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2):65-67, 84-85;) tāhau 1. (personal noun) your (one person - singular) - variation of tāu. Kei te tika tāhau. Anei te wāhi mō tātou (TWK 42:27). / You are right. Here is the place for us. (Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2):52-56, 108-110, 140-141;) 2. (determiner) that which you. Haere! Mahia tāhau e hiahia ana (WT 2013:47). / Go! Do what you want to do. he kore [nōu] e ... [you] should have ... - an idiom where nōu can be replaced by other n-class possessive pronouns. He kore nōu e waiho māku e mahi. / You should have left it for me to do. He aha hoki [tāu]? what are [you] on about? what's [your] problem? - an idiom where tāu can be replaced by another t-class possessive. mōhou (pronoun) for you - variation of mōu. Māku e tapa he ingoa tau mōhou (TTT 1/4/1930:2035). / I will bestow a befitting name for you. huti 1. (verb) (hūtia) to pull out, pull up, haul up - the u becomes a long vowel in the passive form, i.e. hūtia. Ka mea atu a Kupe ki a Hotu, “Ka hoki tāua. Hūtia te punga o tō tāua waka.” (JPS 1957:218). / Kupe said to Hotu, “Let's go back. Pull up the anchor of our canoe.” 2. (verb) (hūtia) to raise (a flag, etc.), hoist. Ka kumea iho e taua heramana te haki o Whītī, ka hūtia ake te haki o Ingarani (TWMNT 15/12/1874:310). / The sailor pulled down Fiji's flag and raised the flag of England. 3. (verb) (hūtia) to pluck (feathers and hair). I hūtia ake e te tangata mangumangu he huru manu i taku pare (TTR 1990:101). / A black man plucked a feather from my hair. 4. (verb) (hūtia) to fish, reel in. Kei te huti ika ōna tuākana (NM 1928:14). / His older brothers were fishing. 5. (noun) pulling, hoisting, fishing, raising, plucking, uplifting. I pēnei ai te whānui, kia ngāwari ai te huti i ngā tupu (TWK 5:4). / It's done like this so that the plants are easily transplanted. ōu (determiner) your (one person when referring to more than one thing). Plural of tōu and used when the possessor has, or had, no control of the relationship or is subordinant, passive or inferior to what is possessed. A possessive determiner. E tama, he tuāhine ōu? / Do you have sisters, boy? (Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2):52-56, 108-109, 140-142;) he aha kē [tāu]? what are [you] on about? what's it with [you]? - an idiomatic expression where tāu can be replaced by other possessives.

Answer 58

taiapa 1. (verb) (-tia) to fence off. Ka hoki mai au mā runga i te taramukā ki te wāhi kei reira e taiapatia ana ngā kararehe mohoao (HP 1991:224). / I returned on the tram to the place where the wild animals are fenced off. 2. (noun) wall, fence, paddock, field, enclosure - any fenced off area. Kātahi ka kitea atu e tipu ana, e matomato ana i te taha o te taiapa tētahi āpure pūhā (TWK 57:8). / Then she found a lush patch of pūhā growing beside the fence. 3. (noun) bracket (printing), parentheses. I konei kua whakamahia he momo taiapa atu anō, he taiapa pewa pēnei nā ( ) (HKK 1999:10). / Here a type of parentheses is used, they are round brackets like this ( ). Taiapa, Pineāmine (personal name) (1901-1972) Ngāti Porou; master carver, farmer, writer and genealogist. taiapa pewa (noun) round brackets, i.e. ( ), parentheses. I konei kua whakamahia he momo taiapa atu anō, he taiapa pewa pēnei nā ( ) (HKK 1999:10). / Here a type of parentheses is used, they are round brackets like this ( ). taiapa tūtika (noun) square brackets, i.e. [ ]. Nā, arā anō ētahi tikanga kua whakamahia hei whakaatu i ngā mea ka taea, ko te tohu rītaha tēnā (arā, te / ), ko ngā taiapa tūtika anō tēnā (e pēnei ana [ ]) (HKK 1999:9). / Now, there are some other techniques used to show the items that are possible, there's the slash (i.e. /), and there's square brackets (like this [ ]).

Answer 59

kaimanga (noun) vegetarian. kaimānga (noun) chewed food (for a baby) - traditionally food was masticated by the mother and gradually fed by mouth to the baby. This is used as an analogy for the feeding of knowledge to learners. Ka whāngaia te pēpi ki te kai kua ngaungaungia, arā, ki te kaimānga. Ka pērā hoki ngā kaiwhakaako i a rātou e whāngai ana i ā rātou ākonga, arā, me wāhi mai te mātauranga kia ngāwari ai te ako. / Babies were fed food which had been chewed by the mother. In the same way when teachers feed their students knowledge it should be broken up so that learning is made easier.

Answer 60

kātahi anō ... ka ... then, only just, now for the first time, finally. Kātahi anō a Poia ka maranga. / Poia has just got up. (Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2):74;)

Answer 61

nekeneke 1. (verb) (-a -hia) to move gradually, move about, manoeuvre. Tērā te marama ka nekeneke ake i te pae (TWMNT 24/12/1872:160). / There the moon gradually moves above the horizon. 2. (noun) movements. Nā te noho āwangawanga ki ngā nekeneke a te Hauhau, ka whakatauria taihoa e hūtia te kara (TTR 1990:38). / Because they were apprehensive of the movements of the Hauhau, they decided not to erect the flag immediately. ara nekeneke (noun) conveyor belt. pae nekeneke (noun) orators for a tribe that move from marae to marae - a common occurance in the modern context with a shortage of orators for each marae. Ko te āhuatanga e kīia ana he ‘pae nekeneke’, ko te hāereere a ētahi kaikōrero ki ngā marae kē o te iwi. / The practice called a 'mobile orators' bench' is where some speakers travel about to other marae of the tribe. paepae nekeneke (noun) orators for a tribe that move from marae to marae - a common occurance in the modern context with a shortage of orators for each marae. aroā nekeneke (noun) movement awareness. Ko te aroā nekeneke tētahi o ngā huānga matua o te kanikani (RMR 2017). / Movement awareness is one of the principal elements of dance (RMR 2017).

Answer 62

huarere (noun) weather. E rua ngā hau whakapipi matua ka pā ki te huarere o Aotearoa - ko tērā ka hua mai i runga ake i te whenua o Ahitereiria, ko tērā hoki ka hua mai i runga ake i Te Tiri o te Moana ki te Tonga (RP 2009:195). / There are two main air masses that affect the weather of Aotearoa/New Zealand - that which is produced above the land mass of Australia, and that which develops above Antarctica.

Answer 63

pakari 1. (verb) to be mature, ripe, strong, hard, strapping, muscular, well-built, sturdy, robust. Ka tae ki te wā kua pakari a Iratūmoana, ka rongo mō Tarakura, kotahi atu ka patua te taniwha rā (EM 2002:83). / The time arrived that Iratūmoana had matured and when he heard about Tarakura, he went straight off and killed that taniwha. 2. (modifier) mature, ripe, strong, hard, strapping, muscular, well-built, sturdy, robust. He tangata nui, pakari te tipu, he ātaahua (HP 1991:24). / He was a big man of solid build and was handsome. 3. (noun) maturity, toughness. Kite rawa hoki a Te Koreneho i te pakari, i te ātaahua o Karaitiana, me te pai hoki o tana pānui i te Paipera Tapu i te reo Māori (TTR 1990:223). / Colenso saw the maturity and how handsome Karaitiana was, and his fluency in reading the Bible in Māori. rae pakari (adjective) be dogged, determined, strongminded, resolute, tenacious. He rite rāua ko Wī Pere, he mātauranga Māori, he rae pakari, he pukutohetohe (HKW 1/2/1901:11). / He and Wī Pere are similar, having Māori knowledge, they are resolute and persistent.

Answer 64

pūtaiao (noun) science. Ko te nuinga i kimihia ā-kaupapatia mai pēnei i te hākinakina, i te pūtaiao, i te pāngarau me te hauora (HM 2/1992). / The majority were sought according to topics such as sport, science, mathematics and health. mātanga pūtaiao (noun) scientist. mātauranga pūtaiao (noun) science, scientific technique. I te tekau tau atu i 1990, i te whanaketanga o ēnei mātauranga pūtaiao, ka arotakengia anōtia te wā tae tuatahi ai te tangata ki Aotearoa (Te Ara 2011). / During the 1990s as the scientific technique developed the date that humans first arrived in New Zealand was re-assessed. kaimātai pūtaiao (noun) scientist. I ngā tau pokapū o te tekau tau atu i 1990, i inea e tētahi kaimātai pūtaiao ētahi poroiwi kiore i kitea i ētahi ana i Te Ika-a-Māui me Te Wai Pounamu (Te Ara 2015). / In the mid-1990s a scientist dated rat bones excavated from some caves in the North and South islands. taiwhanga pūtaiao (noun) science laboratory. pūtaiao pāpori (noun) social science. I te tau 1952, i oti i a ia tētehi tītohu mātauranga, ā, i tirohia anō hoki e ia me pēhea te āwhina atu a te kura mō te pūtaiao hāpori o te kāreti o te whare wānanga o Wikitōria i te kaupapa mō te whakaakoranga o ngā āpiha toko i te ora Māori (TTR 2000:20). / In 1952 he completed an education diploma, and he also looked at ways in which the School of Social Science at Victoria University College could help to train Māori welfare officers. Manatū Pūtaiao, Te Ministry of Research, Science and Technology. pūtaiao ā-nuku (noun) Earth science. Tūāpapa Toha Pūtea, Whakatakoto Kaupapa Rangahau, Pūtaiao Foundation for Research, Science and Technology.

Answer 65

haepapa 1. (verb) (-tia) to eradicate, annihilate. E kore te hahae o te pōuri hōhonu e tino haepapatia (Ng 1993:132). / Deep sorrow's incision can never be totally eradicated (Ng 1993:132). 2. (verb) to be responsible, reliable. Mēnā kei te haepapa ngā kōrero e rongo ake nei tātou, ākene pea kei te ora tonu te moa (HM 2/1993:7). / If the accounts that we are hearing are reliable, perhaps the moa is still alive. 3. (modifier) straight, correct. Kia hinga haepapa (W 1971:30). / Let it fall straight. 4. (noun) responsibility. Ko te haepapa matua ki ngā mātua ki te ārai i te kino i ā rātou tamariki (RT 2013:6). / The main responsibility for parents is to protect their children from anything bad. 5. (noun) justice. noho haepapa (verb) to be accountable, responsible. Ka noho haepapa tonu te Karauna ki te tiaki, ki te whaktairanga anō hoki i te reo Māori hei taonga, hei reo mana o Aotearoa (Māori Party 2014). / The Crown has an ongoing responsibility to protect and promote the Māori language as a treasure and as an official language of Aotearoa/New Zealand.

Answer 66

haepapa 1. (verb) (-tia) to eradicate, annihilate. E kore te hahae o te pōuri hōhonu e tino haepapatia (Ng 1993:132). / Deep sorrow's incision can never be totally eradicated (Ng 1993:132). 2. (verb) to be responsible, reliable. Mēnā kei te haepapa ngā kōrero e rongo ake nei tātou, ākene pea kei te ora tonu te moa (HM 2/1993:7). / If the accounts that we are hearing are reliable, perhaps the moa is still alive. 3. (modifier) straight, correct. Kia hinga haepapa (W 1971:30). / Let it fall straight. 4. (noun) responsibility. Ko te haepapa matua ki ngā mātua ki te ārai i te kino i ā rātou tamariki (RT 2013:6). / The main responsibility for parents is to protect their children from anything bad. 5. (noun) justice. noho haepapa (verb) to be accountable, responsible. Ka noho haepapa tonu te Karauna ki te tiaki, ki te whaktairanga anō hoki i te reo Māori hei taonga, hei reo mana o Aotearoa (Māori Party 2014). / The Crown has an ongoing responsibility to protect and promote the Māori language as a treasure and as an official language of Aotearoa/New Zealand.

Answer 67

arā namely, in other words, that is - a conjunction used to introduce an amplification or explanation. Ka puta mai ngā mokopuna, noho tonu ana ko Huiatahi rāua ko Huihana hei kokoro, hei kuikui rānei, arā hei kaumātua mō te whaitua o Waitomo (TTR 1998:8). / When the grandchildren were born, Huiatahi and Huihana were recognised as the patriarch and matriarch, that is as elders of Waitomo. ara 1. (noun) way, path, lane, passageway, track, course, route. Ko te ara mō taua rori kei a mātou ko tōku iwi e mōhio ana, he ara tika tonu poka tata tonu i te whenua mānia (TWMNT 22/5/1877:132). / I and my tribe know the route for that road and it goes straight through flat land. 2. (noun) line of weaving, layer of toetoe thatch on a roof, etc. ara heck, look - an expression of surprise or amazement. Ka puta mai hoki tōku tupuna, a Tama-nui-ki-te-Rangi, ka kitea ki te ngaro, ki ngā manu, e karamui ana i runga i ngā tāwhaowhao, ka rere mai taua tupuna nei, ka heua ake; ara, he tangata! (NM 1928:7). / And my ancestor, Tama-nui-ki-te-Rangi, appeared and when he saw the blowflies and birds swarming over the driftwood, he rushed over and pulled me up; look what it was, a human! ara (noun) breaking of the waters (childbirth). Ko te mea tuatahi he whakamamae, tuarua ko te ara ka puta mai, tuatoru ka whakawhānau (W 1071:14). / The first thing to happen are the labour pains, secondly is the breaking of the waters, and thirdly is the birth. arā there, yonder, there it is, there they are. Arā tō tātou pahi. / There is our bus. (Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2):59;) ara (verb) (-hia -ia -tia) to rise up, awake, arise. Nā tētahi nūpepa te kōrero inatata nei kei te ara mai anō te reo Māori (TAH 2:2). / Just recently a newspaper reported that the Māori language is reviving. ara matua (noun) main road, motorway, expressway. ara nekeneke (noun) conveyor belt. ara pūkaka (noun) direct route. Ka whāia te ara pūkaka e tāua kia tae moata ai ki te hui. / We'll take the direct route so that we'll arrive early at the meeting. ara rīpeka (noun) crossroads. ara tereina (noun) railway track. ara tiatia (noun) series of pegs - stuck in to assist in climbing a steep ascent. ara whakatungangi (noun) stile (to cross a fence). Ka tae rātou ki te māra, ka whakawhiti i te taiapa mā te ara whakatungangi. / When they reached the garden they crossed the fence via the stile. ara autaki (noun) detour, diversion, bypass. Nō te mea kai te kati te huanui ka haere tātau mā te ara autaki (Ng 1993:95). / Because the highway is closed we will have to go by the detour. ara kūtoro (noun) tunnel for access to the interior of a pā. ara tātea (noun) sperm tube, vas deferens. He repe taihema toa te pū waitātea, ko tāna mahi he whakaputa waitātea, he tuku atu ki roto i te ara tātea (RP 2009:383). / The seminal vesicle is the male reproductive gland and its purpose is to produce semen which it sends into the sperm tube. ara hauroki (noun) diagonal pathway. ara āmio (noun) athletic track, circuit, circular path. arā atu and other, there were/are other. Arā atu anō ngā rangatōpū ā-rohe i pōtitia atu ia ki runga: ko te poari hōhipera o Te Wairoa, ko te poari hiko me te poari wahapū (TTR 1998:12). / There were other local bodies that he was also elected to: the Wairoa Hospital Board, the Electric-power Board and the Harbour Board. ara iahiko (noun) electrical circuit. Ko te ara iahiko te ara amio e rere ai ngā irahiko, mai i tētahi puna hiko ki tētahi pūrere hiko, ā, ka hoki anō ai ki te puna hiko (RP 2009:168). / An electrical circuit is a pathway which carries electrons from a source of electrical energy to electrical devices and back to the source. ara kūiti (noun) pass. E rua ngā ara kūiti uaua rawa atu (Te Ara 2017). / There are two very difficult passes. pokanga ara tātea (noun) vasectomy. ara ki waho (noun) exit. ara o Hinekirikiri (noun) intertidal zone, foreshore, seashore, littoral zone, shore between high and low water marks - also as te marae o Hinekirikiri. Hinekirikiri is the female guardian of the intertidal zone. Ko te ara o Hinekirikiri te kāinga o te toheroa me te tuatua. / The intertidal zone is the home of the toheroa and the tuatua. Ara Poutama, Te (location) Faculty of Māori and Indigenous Development (Auckland University of Technology). Ara Poutama Aotearoa Department of Corrections. ara nakunaku kai (noun) digestive tract. Kei te takiwā o te waru mita te roa o te ara nakunaku kai o te tangata, ā, e 24 hāora te roa e oti ai te tukanga nakunaku (RP 2009:348). / The human digestive tract is about eight metres long and the digestive process takes about 24 hours to complete (RP 2009:348). arā noa atu there are many more. I ngā tau 14 e noho pirihimana ana a Heke ki Te Whāiti arā noa atu te maha o ngā raruraru hei whakamātautau i a ia (TTR 1998:9). / During the 14 years that Heke Bidois served as a policeman at Te Whaiti there were many more problems that tested him. Ara a Kewa, Te (location) Foveaux Strait - the sea between the South Island and Stewart Island. (Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2):78;) ara ninihi o Rūtawa premature grey hair . E pango tonu ana aku makawe i ērā wā, kāhore anō i riro i te ara ninihi o Rūtawa (HJ 2015:68). / My hair was still black in those times, premature grey hair hadn't taken over. Ara-a-Kiwa, Te (location) Foveaux Strait. (Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2):78;) tio para (noun) bluff oyster, Tiostrea chilensis lutaria - a bivalve mollusc found on mud, sand or gravel from low tide level to depths of 35 m. Richest beds are in Te Ara-a-Kiwa (Foveaux Strait). motu 1. (verb) (-hia -kia) to sever, cut, cut off, set free, separate. I reira e motukia ana te kāwai o Rukupō (TTR 1994:98). / Thus Rukupo's line of descent was severed. 2. (verb) to be separated, moved to a distance - especially in the phrase motu ki te ara. Kātahi ka kōkiri te matua a Ngāti Raukawa. Ka motu mai ki te ara, ka haere te kaiwhakatakoto i te mānuka, i muri e whana atu ana te kaiwero - ko Kemene Piharau o Wairarapa (TWMNT 12/12/1872:150). / Then Ngāti Raukawa's army thrust forward. When they had moved some distance the man laying down the challenge stick went forward and after that the challenger, Kemene Piharau of Wairarapa, sprang forward. Nō ngā rā o Hepetema rāua ka motuhia e te Pīhopa o Ākarana ki te tūranga piriti. I motuhia rāua ki Taranaki. / In September they were appointed by the Bishop of Auckland to the position of priest. They were moved to Taranaki. 3. (verb) to be set free, escape. Me te weka ka motu i te māhanga (NM 1928:144). / Like a weka escaping from a trap. 4. (stative) be cut, severed. I runga i tō rāua nonoketanga ko te kaikōhuru ka motu tōna ringa i te heu, ka ngaua tōna ringa (TP 5/1904:3). / In their struggle the murderer cut his arm with the razor and bit his arm. Ka kite iho au kua motu te kiko o te tupehau o taku waewae (HP 1991:21). / I saw that the flesh of the calf of my leg had been cut. 5. (noun) island, country, land, nation, clump of trees, ship - anything separated or isolated. Ko ētahi wāhi atu o te motu nei ka nui te mate i te waipuke, i te tūpuhi (TWM 5/3/1868:3). / Some other parts of this island have major problems with floods and storms. 6. (noun) cut, wound. Ngā motu kikino, nunui, me ngā ringa, waewae raupā: He miro te rongoā. Me tapahi te rākau, ka rere mai te hāpiapia ka pani i te motu, i te ringa i te waewae raupā ranei, ka takai ki te harakeke (TTT 1/12/1929:1955). / Bad and big cuts and calloused hands and feet: Miro is the treatment. The tree should be cut, gum will flow and smear is on the cut, or the calloused hand or foot and wrap it with New Zealand flax.

Answer 68

kaihautū 1. (noun) person who gives the time for the paddlers in a canoe, fugleman. I te tau 1886, e ai tā te kōrero, i mua tata atu o te pakarutanga o Tarawera, ka kitea he waka taua e hoe ana i roto o Tarawera Moana, e hautū ana ngā kaihautū, e ngū ana ngā kaihoe (TP 1/1/1901:7). / According to accounts, in 1886, just before the Tarawera eruption, a war canoe was seen paddling on Lake Tarawera. The leaders were calling the timing and the paddlers were silent. 2. (noun) leader, presenter, producer. Ki tā ngā kaiarotake, e whakaari ana tēnei i tā Te Taura Whiri rauhī i te reo Māori, me tana tū hei kaihautū i roto i ngā mahi whakaora ake i tēnei taonga a tātou (HM 1/1999:4). / According to the evaluators, this reflects Te Taura Whiri's care of the Māori language and its standing as a leader in the revival of this treasure of ours. hoa kaihautū (noun) associate producer. kaihautū matua (noun) executive producer. kaihautū hangarau (noun) technical producer.

Answer 69

aroaro (noun) face, front, before, in the presence of. Ahakoa kāore i kopaina te auhi, te poreirewa ki te kupu i mua tonu i tō aroaro, mā te aha rā i ēnei kupu iti kua tuhia nei - engari anō tēnei i te kore rawa atu nei! (HM 4/2009:4) / Although the grief and yearning did not disappear with words spoken in your presence, or with these few words that have been written here - this is better than nothing! Aroaro-māhanahana (personal name) spring season, third month of the Māori year, roughly equivalent to August. aroaro-ā-kapa (noun) front rank of the kapa haka, front row. E ai ki te mahara ake o tētehi o te minenga ki a Mere e wani mai ana i te whatārangi kia tū ai ki te aroaro-ā-kapa, ki reira haka tahi atu ai me rātau me te puta o te ihi, o te wana (TTR 1998:1). / One member of the audience remembered Mere gliding across the stage to stand in the front row of the haka group to join them in the haka with great excitement and gusto.

Answer 70

huarere (noun) weather. E rua ngā hau whakapipi matua ka pā ki te huarere o Aotearoa - ko tērā ka hua mai i runga ake i te whenua o Ahitereiria, ko tērā hoki ka hua mai i runga ake i Te Tiri o te Moana ki te Tonga (RP 2009:195). / There are two main air masses that affect the weather of Aotearoa/New Zealand - that which is produced above the land mass of Australia, and that which develops above Antarctica.

Answer 71

pakari 1. (verb) to be mature, ripe, strong, hard, strapping, muscular, well-built, sturdy, robust. Ka tae ki te wā kua pakari a Iratūmoana, ka rongo mō Tarakura, kotahi atu ka patua te taniwha rā (EM 2002:83). / The time arrived that Iratūmoana had matured and when he heard about Tarakura, he went straight off and killed that taniwha. 2. (modifier) mature, ripe, strong, hard, strapping, muscular, well-built, sturdy, robust. He tangata nui, pakari te tipu, he ātaahua (HP 1991:24). / He was a big man of solid build and was handsome. 3. (noun) maturity, toughness. Kite rawa hoki a Te Koreneho i te pakari, i te ātaahua o Karaitiana, me te pai hoki o tana pānui i te Paipera Tapu i te reo Māori (TTR 1990:223). / Colenso saw the maturity and how handsome Karaitiana was, and his fluency in reading the Bible in Māori. rae pakari (adjective) be dogged, determined, strongminded, resolute, tenacious. He rite rāua ko Wī Pere, he mātauranga Māori, he rae pakari, he pukutohetohe (HKW 1/2/1901:11). / He and Wī Pere are similar, having Māori knowledge, they are resolute and persistent.

Answer 72

pūtaiao (noun) science. Ko te nuinga i kimihia ā-kaupapatia mai pēnei i te hākinakina, i te pūtaiao, i te pāngarau me te hauora (HM 2/1992). / The majority were sought according to topics such as sport, science, mathematics and health. mātanga pūtaiao (noun) scientist. mātauranga pūtaiao (noun) science, scientific technique. I te tekau tau atu i 1990, i te whanaketanga o ēnei mātauranga pūtaiao, ka arotakengia anōtia te wā tae tuatahi ai te tangata ki Aotearoa (Te Ara 2011). / During the 1990s as the scientific technique developed the date that humans first arrived in New Zealand was re-assessed. kaimātai pūtaiao (noun) scientist. I ngā tau pokapū o te tekau tau atu i 1990, i inea e tētahi kaimātai pūtaiao ētahi poroiwi kiore i kitea i ētahi ana i Te Ika-a-Māui me Te Wai Pounamu (Te Ara 2015). / In the mid-1990s a scientist dated rat bones excavated from some caves in the North and South islands. taiwhanga pūtaiao (noun) science laboratory. pūtaiao pāpori (noun) social science. I te tau 1952, i oti i a ia tētehi tītohu mātauranga, ā, i tirohia anō hoki e ia me pēhea te āwhina atu a te kura mō te pūtaiao hāpori o te kāreti o te whare wānanga o Wikitōria i te kaupapa mō te whakaakoranga o ngā āpiha toko i te ora Māori (TTR 2000:20). / In 1952 he completed an education diploma, and he also looked at ways in which the School of Social Science at Victoria University College could help to train Māori welfare officers. Manatū Pūtaiao, Te Ministry of Research, Science and Technology. pūtaiao ā-nuku (noun) Earth science. Tūāpapa Toha Pūtea, Whakatakoto Kaupapa Rangahau, Pūtaiao Foundation for Research, Science and Technology.

Answer 73

haepapa 1. (verb) (-tia) to eradicate, annihilate. E kore te hahae o te pōuri hōhonu e tino haepapatia (Ng 1993:132). / Deep sorrow's incision can never be totally eradicated (Ng 1993:132). 2. (verb) to be responsible, reliable. Mēnā kei te haepapa ngā kōrero e rongo ake nei tātou, ākene pea kei te ora tonu te moa (HM 2/1993:7). / If the accounts that we are hearing are reliable, perhaps the moa is still alive. 3. (modifier) straight, correct. Kia hinga haepapa (W 1971:30). / Let it fall straight. 4. (noun) responsibility. Ko te haepapa matua ki ngā mātua ki te ārai i te kino i ā rātou tamariki (RT 2013:6). / The main responsibility for parents is to protect their children from anything bad. 5. (noun) justice. noho haepapa (verb) to be accountable, responsible. Ka noho haepapa tonu te Karauna ki te tiaki, ki te whaktairanga anō hoki i te reo Māori hei taonga, hei reo mana o Aotearoa (Māori Party 2014). / The Crown has an ongoing responsibility to protect and promote the Māori language as a treasure and as an official language of Aotearoa/New Zealand.

Answer 74

haepapa 1. (verb) (-tia) to eradicate, annihilate. E kore te hahae o te pōuri hōhonu e tino haepapatia (Ng 1993:132). / Deep sorrow's incision can never be totally eradicated (Ng 1993:132). 2. (verb) to be responsible, reliable. Mēnā kei te haepapa ngā kōrero e rongo ake nei tātou, ākene pea kei te ora tonu te moa (HM 2/1993:7). / If the accounts that we are hearing are reliable, perhaps the moa is still alive. 3. (modifier) straight, correct. Kia hinga haepapa (W 1971:30). / Let it fall straight. 4. (noun) responsibility. Ko te haepapa matua ki ngā mātua ki te ārai i te kino i ā rātou tamariki (RT 2013:6). / The main responsibility for parents is to protect their children from anything bad. 5. (noun) justice. noho haepapa (verb) to be accountable, responsible. Ka noho haepapa tonu te Karauna ki te tiaki, ki te whaktairanga anō hoki i te reo Māori hei taonga, hei reo mana o Aotearoa (Māori Party 2014). / The Crown has an ongoing responsibility to protect and promote the Māori language as a treasure and as an official language of Aotearoa/New Zealand.

Answer 75

arā namely, in other words, that is - a conjunction used to introduce an amplification or explanation. Ka puta mai ngā mokopuna, noho tonu ana ko Huiatahi rāua ko Huihana hei kokoro, hei kuikui rānei, arā hei kaumātua mō te whaitua o Waitomo (TTR 1998:8). / When the grandchildren were born, Huiatahi and Huihana were recognised as the patriarch and matriarch, that is as elders of Waitomo. ara 1. (noun) way, path, lane, passageway, track, course, route. Ko te ara mō taua rori kei a mātou ko tōku iwi e mōhio ana, he ara tika tonu poka tata tonu i te whenua mānia (TWMNT 22/5/1877:132). / I and my tribe know the route for that road and it goes straight through flat land. 2. (noun) line of weaving, layer of toetoe thatch on a roof, etc. ara heck, look - an expression of surprise or amazement. Ka puta mai hoki tōku tupuna, a Tama-nui-ki-te-Rangi, ka kitea ki te ngaro, ki ngā manu, e karamui ana i runga i ngā tāwhaowhao, ka rere mai taua tupuna nei, ka heua ake; ara, he tangata! (NM 1928:7). / And my ancestor, Tama-nui-ki-te-Rangi, appeared and when he saw the blowflies and birds swarming over the driftwood, he rushed over and pulled me up; look what it was, a human! ara (noun) breaking of the waters (childbirth). Ko te mea tuatahi he whakamamae, tuarua ko te ara ka puta mai, tuatoru ka whakawhānau (W 1071:14). / The first thing to happen are the labour pains, secondly is the breaking of the waters, and thirdly is the birth. arā there, yonder, there it is, there they are. Arā tō tātou pahi. / There is our bus. (Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2):59;) ara (verb) (-hia -ia -tia) to rise up, awake, arise. Nā tētahi nūpepa te kōrero inatata nei kei te ara mai anō te reo Māori (TAH 2:2). / Just recently a newspaper reported that the Māori language is reviving. ara matua (noun) main road, motorway, expressway. ara nekeneke (noun) conveyor belt. ara pūkaka (noun) direct route. Ka whāia te ara pūkaka e tāua kia tae moata ai ki te hui. / We'll take the direct route so that we'll arrive early at the meeting. ara rīpeka (noun) crossroads. ara tereina (noun) railway track. ara tiatia (noun) series of pegs - stuck in to assist in climbing a steep ascent. ara whakatungangi (noun) stile (to cross a fence). Ka tae rātou ki te māra, ka whakawhiti i te taiapa mā te ara whakatungangi. / When they reached the garden they crossed the fence via the stile. ara autaki (noun) detour, diversion, bypass. Nō te mea kai te kati te huanui ka haere tātau mā te ara autaki (Ng 1993:95). / Because the highway is closed we will have to go by the detour. ara kūtoro (noun) tunnel for access to the interior of a pā. ara tātea (noun) sperm tube, vas deferens. He repe taihema toa te pū waitātea, ko tāna mahi he whakaputa waitātea, he tuku atu ki roto i te ara tātea (RP 2009:383). / The seminal vesicle is the male reproductive gland and its purpose is to produce semen which it sends into the sperm tube. ara hauroki (noun) diagonal pathway. ara āmio (noun) athletic track, circuit, circular path. arā atu and other, there were/are other. Arā atu anō ngā rangatōpū ā-rohe i pōtitia atu ia ki runga: ko te poari hōhipera o Te Wairoa, ko te poari hiko me te poari wahapū (TTR 1998:12). / There were other local bodies that he was also elected to: the Wairoa Hospital Board, the Electric-power Board and the Harbour Board. ara iahiko (noun) electrical circuit. Ko te ara iahiko te ara amio e rere ai ngā irahiko, mai i tētahi puna hiko ki tētahi pūrere hiko, ā, ka hoki anō ai ki te puna hiko (RP 2009:168). / An electrical circuit is a pathway which carries electrons from a source of electrical energy to electrical devices and back to the source. ara kūiti (noun) pass. E rua ngā ara kūiti uaua rawa atu (Te Ara 2017). / There are two very difficult passes. pokanga ara tātea (noun) vasectomy. ara ki waho (noun) exit. ara o Hinekirikiri (noun) intertidal zone, foreshore, seashore, littoral zone, shore between high and low water marks - also as te marae o Hinekirikiri. Hinekirikiri is the female guardian of the intertidal zone. Ko te ara o Hinekirikiri te kāinga o te toheroa me te tuatua. / The intertidal zone is the home of the toheroa and the tuatua. Ara Poutama, Te (location) Faculty of Māori and Indigenous Development (Auckland University of Technology). Ara Poutama Aotearoa Department of Corrections. ara nakunaku kai (noun) digestive tract. Kei te takiwā o te waru mita te roa o te ara nakunaku kai o te tangata, ā, e 24 hāora te roa e oti ai te tukanga nakunaku (RP 2009:348). / The human digestive tract is about eight metres long and the digestive process takes about 24 hours to complete (RP 2009:348). arā noa atu there are many more. I ngā tau 14 e noho pirihimana ana a Heke ki Te Whāiti arā noa atu te maha o ngā raruraru hei whakamātautau i a ia (TTR 1998:9). / During the 14 years that Heke Bidois served as a policeman at Te Whaiti there were many more problems that tested him. Ara a Kewa, Te (location) Foveaux Strait - the sea between the South Island and Stewart Island. (Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2):78;) ara ninihi o Rūtawa premature grey hair . E pango tonu ana aku makawe i ērā wā, kāhore anō i riro i te ara ninihi o Rūtawa (HJ 2015:68). / My hair was still black in those times, premature grey hair hadn't taken over. Ara-a-Kiwa, Te (location) Foveaux Strait. (Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2):78;) tio para (noun) bluff oyster, Tiostrea chilensis lutaria - a bivalve mollusc found on mud, sand or gravel from low tide level to depths of 35 m. Richest beds are in Te Ara-a-Kiwa (Foveaux Strait). motu 1. (verb) (-hia -kia) to sever, cut, cut off, set free, separate. I reira e motukia ana te kāwai o Rukupō (TTR 1994:98). / Thus Rukupo's line of descent was severed. 2. (verb) to be separated, moved to a distance - especially in the phrase motu ki te ara. Kātahi ka kōkiri te matua a Ngāti Raukawa. Ka motu mai ki te ara, ka haere te kaiwhakatakoto i te mānuka, i muri e whana atu ana te kaiwero - ko Kemene Piharau o Wairarapa (TWMNT 12/12/1872:150). / Then Ngāti Raukawa's army thrust forward. When they had moved some distance the man laying down the challenge stick went forward and after that the challenger, Kemene Piharau of Wairarapa, sprang forward. Nō ngā rā o Hepetema rāua ka motuhia e te Pīhopa o Ākarana ki te tūranga piriti. I motuhia rāua ki Taranaki. / In September they were appointed by the Bishop of Auckland to the position of priest. They were moved to Taranaki. 3. (verb) to be set free, escape. Me te weka ka motu i te māhanga (NM 1928:144). / Like a weka escaping from a trap. 4. (stative) be cut, severed. I runga i tō rāua nonoketanga ko te kaikōhuru ka motu tōna ringa i te heu, ka ngaua tōna ringa (TP 5/1904:3). / In their struggle the murderer cut his arm with the razor and bit his arm. Ka kite iho au kua motu te kiko o te tupehau o taku waewae (HP 1991:21). / I saw that the flesh of the calf of my leg had been cut. 5. (noun) island, country, land, nation, clump of trees, ship - anything separated or isolated. Ko ētahi wāhi atu o te motu nei ka nui te mate i te waipuke, i te tūpuhi (TWM 5/3/1868:3). / Some other parts of this island have major problems with floods and storms. 6. (noun) cut, wound. Ngā motu kikino, nunui, me ngā ringa, waewae raupā: He miro te rongoā. Me tapahi te rākau, ka rere mai te hāpiapia ka pani i te motu, i te ringa i te waewae raupā ranei, ka takai ki te harakeke (TTT 1/12/1929:1955). / Bad and big cuts and calloused hands and feet: Miro is the treatment. The tree should be cut, gum will flow and smear is on the cut, or the calloused hand or foot and wrap it with New Zealand flax.

Answer 76

nukunuku 1. (verb) (-a -hia -tia) to move frequently, shift, move to one side, move about. Ka wehe atu a Kerei i tana tūranga i Niu Tīreni nei ki Āwherika, i te tau 1853, ka mahue iho a Te Rangikāheke i Ākarana. Ahu atu ki te tekau ngā tau i nukunuku haere ai ia (TTR 1990:278). / When Grey left his position in New Zealand to go to Africa in 1853, Te Rangikāheke was left in Auckland. For nearly ten years he moved frequently from one address to another. 2. (noun) movement, migration. Nō ngā tau whakamutunga o te tekau tau atu i 1940 i tīmata te nukunuku mai o te maha o te rangatahi Māori ki Te Awakairangi, kimi mahi ai (TTR 2000:165). / In the late 1940s many young Māori began to move into the Hutt Valley to seek employment.

Answer 77

pito mata (noun) potential - literally the 'uncooked portion'. The uncooked piece of kūmara that can be replanted having the potential to produce many more kūmara. Iti noa ana, he pito mata (NP 2001:149). / Although it is just small, it is uncooked. (A whakataukī implying that the uncooked portion may sprout to produce many kūmara.)

Answer 78

urunga 1. (noun) act of entering. Nō tōna urunga atu ki te Pāremata, i te taha Pākehā, ka riro i a ia te tūranga Minita mō ngā Mea Māori, kātahi ka kaha te reo o te Pākehā ki te tono kia whakaritea te ture mō te Māori me te Pākehā (TTT 1/10/1931:51). / When he entered Parliament on the Pākehā role he gained the position of Minister of Māori Affairs and then the call of the Pākehā became stronger in asking for the law to be the same for Māori and Pākehā. 2. (noun) pillow. Ka karanga a Kearoa, “E Toro e! Ka taka te urunga o Kearoa.” (JPS 1893:222). / Kearoa called, "Toro! Kearoa's pillow has fallen." 3. (noun) rudder, steering paddle, driver, navigator. Ka ahu rātou ko te tira i a Hone Hiana mā ki te hui ki Tamihere, heoi, e whakatata ana ki Whatawhata, ka poro kere te tīni o te urunga o te tima, ā, ka rewarewa noa iho te kaipuke (TW 15/6/1878:305). / They and the travelling party with John Sheehan and company headed for the meeting at Tamihere. However, when they were approaching Whatawhata the chain of the steamer's rudder broke and the ship floated free.

Answer 79

inā hoki because, since, for, inasmuch as. Ahakoa a Te Hāpuku kāore i whakaae ki te kaupapa Karaitiana, i tukuna e ia tana iwi, me ana tamariki tonu, kia whakauru atu. Inā hoki kua kite kē ia e whai take tonu ana ngā mihingare o te Hāhi Mihingare me te Hāhi Katorika (TTR 1990:178). / Although Te Hāpuku did not agree with Christianity, he allowed his people and his own children to join because he had seen that the missionaries of the Anglican and Catholic churches were useful. inā 1. here! see here! how ...! - used to point out something or the reason for something and is often followed by hoki or rā. Inā ōu mōhiti! / Here are your glasses! Inā te nui o ā tātou kai! / What a lot of food we have! E kore e tipu he paku aha i reira, inā te makariri. / Nothing will grow there because it's too cold. Kua mōhio pea te ao, inā hoki i pānuitia ki te pouaka whakaata i te pō rā. / The whole world probably already knows, as it was broadcast on TV last night. He tau pai mō te mahi māra, inā rā e kī ana ngā rua i te kai. / It was obviously a good season for the garden, as the food stores are full. (Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2):119;) 2. so, really, how - used to emphasise a quality of something. Inā te reka o aua kamokamo! Paupau ana i a māua! / Those kamokamo are so sweet! We polished them off! 3. When inā is used to emphasise statements about quality, the addition of nā, rā, ia and koa strengthens the meaning. These are usually written as one word. Nāna i whakahauhau ngā toi whakarākai, inarā, ko ngā mahi whakairo me te tukutuku (TTR 1996:107). / He encouraged the decorative arts, especially carving and tukutuku work.

Answer 80

hauhake 1. (verb) (-a -hia -na -tia) to harvest, take up a root crop, dig up (a root crop). Makaia ai ngā purapura ki roto i te awa kia kuhu tahi me ngā wātakirihi, hei te wā e hauhakea ai he huaranga kau i ngā pūtake o ngā wātakirihi e kohia ana (TP 10/1909:4). / Place the tubers in the stream to join with the watercress, and at the time of harvest, transplant the roots of the watercress you are collecting. 2. (modifier) harvesting, harvest. Ka tae ki te wā hauhake i te māra kūmara, ā, ka hauhakena (NIT 1995:57). / The time for harvesting the kūmara garden arrived and the kūmara were dug up. 3. (noun) harvest. Kia tae ki te wā o te hauhake he kōneke te waka kawekawe i ngā kai ki te rua kūmara, ki te pākoro hoki (TWK 54:31). / When the time of the harvest arrives a sledge is the vehicle to transport the food to the kūmara pit and the storage place.

Answer 81

kauwhau 1. (verb) (-hia -tia) to preach, lecture. Ahakoa kei te kauwhau a Rātana kia kotahi te iwi Māori, nō te taenga atu o tana kaiwhakahaere ki te hui a Ngāi Tahu i Tuahiwi kite ana ia kāore i kotahi te whakaaro mō te haina i te kawenata (TTT 1/2/1925:186). / Despite Rātana's preaching that the Māori people be united, when his organiser arrived at the gathering of Ngāi Tahu at Tuahiwi he saw that there was not unity concerning the signing of the covenant. 2. (verb) (-tia) to recite, proclaim. Ko ēnei kōrero e whai ake nei he mea kauwhau e ngā koeke o Tākitumu i a rātau e ora ana i te aotūroa (JPS 1926:21). / These accounts that follow were recited by the elders of Tākitumu when they were still alive. 3. (noun) sermon, lecture, address. Nō te Kirihimete o te tau 1814, ka kauwhau ia i tana kauwhau tuatahi ki a Ngā Puhi i Oihi (TKO 31/8/1919:3). / At Christmas in 1814 he preached his first sermon to Ngā Puhi at Oihi. 4. (noun) line of ancestry. Ko te kōkā, ko Ngunguruterangi, he mokopuna nā Rerekohu, nō Te Kawakawa nō Wharekahika, nō ngā kauwhau nunui o Ngāti Porou, o Te Whānau-a-Apanui (M 2004:72). / Her mother, Ngunguruterangi, was a granddaughter of Rerekohu of Te Kawakawa and Wharekahika, who belonged to the great lines of ancestry of Ngāti Porou and Te Whānau-a-Apanui.

Answer 82

pāpāho (verb) (-ngia -tia) to broadcast. Ko te whāinga matua o Irirangi ā-Motu, kia pāpāho i ngā mahi a ngā tāngata o Aotearoa ki ngā reo irirangi, ngā pouaka whakaata, tae atu ki ngā pouaka whakaata whaiutu (Te Ara 2012). / The main aim of New Zealand on Air is to broadcast on radio and television, including paid television, the activities of the people of New Zealand. hui pāpaho (noun) press conference. hunga pāpāho (noun) media. ao pāpāho (noun) press, media. mahi pāpāho (noun) media studies. pae pāpāho pāpori (noun) social media. E hiahia ana Te Taura Whiri i te Reo Māori kia muia ngā pae pāpāho pāpori e te tīhau, me te karere reo Māori mō Te Wiki o te Reo Māori mā te whakamahi i te tohumarau #tekupu (TTW 18/7/2014). / The Māori Language Commission wishes social media to be swamped with Māori language tweets and messages for Māori Language Week using the hashtag #tekupu. Rōpū Pāpāho o Aotearoa (noun) New Zealand Press Association.

Answer 83

kauwhau 1. (verb) (-hia -tia) to preach, lecture. Ahakoa kei te kauwhau a Rātana kia kotahi te iwi Māori, nō te taenga atu o tana kaiwhakahaere ki te hui a Ngāi Tahu i Tuahiwi kite ana ia kāore i kotahi te whakaaro mō te haina i te kawenata (TTT 1/2/1925:186). / Despite Rātana's preaching that the Māori people be united, when his organiser arrived at the gathering of Ngāi Tahu at Tuahiwi he saw that there was not unity concerning the signing of the covenant. 2. (verb) (-tia) to recite, proclaim. Ko ēnei kōrero e whai ake nei he mea kauwhau e ngā koeke o Tākitumu i a rātau e ora ana i te aotūroa (JPS 1926:21). / These accounts that follow were recited by the elders of Tākitumu when they were still alive. 3. (noun) sermon, lecture, address. Nō te Kirihimete o te tau 1814, ka kauwhau ia i tana kauwhau tuatahi ki a Ngā Puhi i Oihi (TKO 31/8/1919:3). / At Christmas in 1814 he preached his first sermon to Ngā Puhi at Oihi. 4. (noun) line of ancestry. Ko te kōkā, ko Ngunguruterangi, he mokopuna nā Rerekohu, nō Te Kawakawa nō Wharekahika, nō ngā kauwhau nunui o Ngāti Porou, o Te Whānau-a-Apanui (M 2004:72). / Her mother, Ngunguruterangi, was a granddaughter of Rerekohu of Te Kawakawa and Wharekahika, who belonged to the great lines of ancestry of Ngāti Porou and Te Whānau-a-Apanui.

Answer 84

pāpāho (verb) (-ngia -tia) to broadcast. Ko te whāinga matua o Irirangi ā-Motu, kia pāpāho i ngā mahi a ngā tāngata o Aotearoa ki ngā reo irirangi, ngā pouaka whakaata, tae atu ki ngā pouaka whakaata whaiutu (Te Ara 2012). / The main aim of New Zealand on Air is to broadcast on radio and television, including paid television, the activities of the people of New Zealand. hui pāpaho (noun) press conference. hunga pāpāho (noun) media. ao pāpāho (noun) press, media. mahi pāpāho (noun) media studies. pae pāpāho pāpori (noun) social media. E hiahia ana Te Taura Whiri i te Reo Māori kia muia ngā pae pāpāho pāpori e te tīhau, me te karere reo Māori mō Te Wiki o te Reo Māori mā te whakamahi i te tohumarau #tekupu (TTW 18/7/2014). / The Māori Language Commission wishes social media to be swamped with Māori language tweets and messages for Māori Language Week using the hashtag #tekupu. Rōpū Pāpāho o Aotearoa (noun) New Zealand Press Association.

Answer 85

kauwhau 1. (verb) (-hia -tia) to preach, lecture. Ahakoa kei te kauwhau a Rātana kia kotahi te iwi Māori, nō te taenga atu o tana kaiwhakahaere ki te hui a Ngāi Tahu i Tuahiwi kite ana ia kāore i kotahi te whakaaro mō te haina i te kawenata (TTT 1/2/1925:186). / Despite Rātana's preaching that the Māori people be united, when his organiser arrived at the gathering of Ngāi Tahu at Tuahiwi he saw that there was not unity concerning the signing of the covenant. 2. (verb) (-tia) to recite, proclaim. Ko ēnei kōrero e whai ake nei he mea kauwhau e ngā koeke o Tākitumu i a rātau e ora ana i te aotūroa (JPS 1926:21). / These accounts that follow were recited by the elders of Tākitumu when they were still alive. 3. (noun) sermon, lecture, address. Nō te Kirihimete o te tau 1814, ka kauwhau ia i tana kauwhau tuatahi ki a Ngā Puhi i Oihi (TKO 31/8/1919:3). / At Christmas in 1814 he preached his first sermon to Ngā Puhi at Oihi. 4. (noun) line of ancestry. Ko te kōkā, ko Ngunguruterangi, he mokopuna nā Rerekohu, nō Te Kawakawa nō Wharekahika, nō ngā kauwhau nunui o Ngāti Porou, o Te Whānau-a-Apanui (M 2004:72). / Her mother, Ngunguruterangi, was a granddaughter of Rerekohu of Te Kawakawa and Wharekahika, who belonged to the great lines of ancestry of Ngāti Porou and Te Whānau-a-Apanui.

Vocab Flashcards

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