Vocab Flashcards
(174 cards)
1
Q
Fowlers
A
semi-sitting position (45-60 degrees)
2
Q
Semi Fowlers
A
30
3
Q
Prone
A
Face down
4
Q
Supine
A
face up
5
Q
Meningitis
A
inflammation and infection of meninges by virus fungus or bacteria swelling → headache fever rashes altered mental statuus and a stiff neck
6
Q
Neuropathy
A
loss of sensation that may feel like numbness tingling or inability to feel often in the extremity
7
Q
Neuropathies
A
Nerves of the periphery are damaged by peripheral vascular disease tissue ischemia and diabetes Paresthesia pain weakness
8
Q
Transient ischemic attack TIA
A
temporary loss of flow to the brain for only a few minutes Symptoms can be loss of sensation numbness difficulty speaking double vision dysphagia dizziness and motor or sensory deficits
9
Q
Dysphasia
A
partial impairment of language
10
Q
Global Aphasia
A
Injury to left, middle, cerebra artery infectioncomplete impairment of language for comprehension and verbal, written, signed expression modalities
11
Q
Visual-Receptive Aphasia
A
Wernicke’s (injury parietal-occipital area): unable to understand language spoken or written
12
Q
Expressive Aphasia
A
Broca’s (injury inferior frontal area): unable to understand written or spoken
13
Q
Dysphagia
A
difficulty swallowing
14
Q
Migraine
A
dysfunction in stem or genericsThrobbing pain in one side of the head with sense sensitivity to light sound and movement w/ or w/o aura
15
Q
Tension headache
A
Stress related predisposed by stress/eye strain/ bad postureEpisodic general pain/pressure around the circumference of the head w/o nausea vomiting photophobia
16
Q
Cluster headache
A
Unknown: Post Hypothal/CN V disorder or dysfunctionunilateral one side burning stabbing piercing pain swelling or redness around affected eye at the same time daily 3:1 in men: women
17
Q
Chronic daily
A
overuse of analgesic meds Neck stiffness muscle contraction severe on awaking made worse by exertion activity
18
Q
Dysphonia
A
Paralysis of soft palate: Diffi speaking hoarseness or whisper
19
Q
Dysarthria
A
Motor deficit of tongue or speech muscles
20
Q
Hypoxia
A
lack of O2 to brain → changes in mental status
21
Q
Atrial Fibrulation
A
↑ risk for stroke by giving to formation of blood clots in atrium. can dislodge and trap in cerebral arteries
22
Q
Paresthesia
A
numbness or tingling in extremities due to ↓circulation Chronic →neurological disease, traumatic nerve damage, CNS disease,tumor
23
Q
Myasthenia
A
lack of muscled tone or str
24
Q
Myasthenia gravis
A
neuromuscular autoimmune → weakness of voluntary muscle chronic muscle fatigue, dysphagia, drooping eyelid, slurred speech
25
Multiple Sclerosis MS
inflammitory NS disease nerve cells are damaged by ↓transmission and comms btwn brain and body May not be able to walk
26
Lethargic
Difficulty maintaining mentation or is sluggish Aroused and able to answer
27
Obtunded
Lowered alertness: can only keep awake while verbal or tactile stimuliConfused when awake
28
Stupor
Unresponsive to verbal stimuli Lowered pain responseNonverbal if they open their eyes
29
Comatose
Deep unconsciousness Lack of response to stimuli
30
Anosmia
Inability to smell or ID the correct smell indicates loss of CN I nerve
31
Myopia (CN II)
Nearsightedneaa 21+/20
32
Hyperopia (CN II)
Far sightednessDistant clear near blurriest
33
Presbyopia (CN II)
Inability to focus needs magnifying glass
34
Legal blindness (CN II)
20/200 or moreNormal can see at 200 what Person can see 20
35
Diplopia (CN III, IV, VI)
Subjective complaint related to muscular dysfunction or neurological problem
36
Nystagmus (CN II, III)
Involuntary cyclical movement of eyes when fixed in a moving object or fixed on something in peripheral vision
37
Mydriasis (CN II, III)
Bilateral dilated fixed pupils
38
Miosis (CN II, III)
Abnormal constriction of the pupils
39
Anasocoria (CN II, III)
Unequal pupil size
40
Homer's syndrome (CN II, III)
Affects one side of the faceDroopy eyelid Constricted pupil
41
Cataracts
Cloudy lens that causes blurry lowered vision or blindness
42
Glaucoma
Intraocular pressure that damages optic nerveLoss of peripheral vision
43
Macular degeneration
Degeneration of central field of vision
44
Ptosis
Droopy eyelid
45
Blepharitis
Inflammation and infection of the eyelid margins from too much crusty oil
46
Blocked lacrimal gland
Excessive tearing since they can't drain
47
Conjunctivitis
Bacterial or viral infection that causes sceral erythema and conjunctiva yellow green drainage
48
thready vs bounding
barely felt and easily obliterated easilty felt and hard to oblit
49
Percussion sounds
Tympany dullResonancehyper"Flatness
50
Tympany
loud, high pitch, drumlikeheard over air filled viscera
51
Dull percussion
soft to moderate medium pitch, thud likeover fluid, organs, fat or distended bladder
52
Resonacnce
moderate to loud, hollow, low pitch
53
Hyperresonance
soft, booming, low pitch
54
flatness percussion
loud, dull, high ptich
55
Pallor
pale
56
cyanosis
blusih discoloration
57
McBurny's point
Ileocecal valve here between umbilical and pelvis at ()
58
aneurysm
wakening and outpouching of artery
59
AB distension
fluid, fat, gas, fibroids baby
60
Asceites
fluid accumulation in peritoneal cavity
61
Diastasis recti
spliting of rectus abdominis muscuiles at midline (linea alba)
62
hernias
weaking of ab wallloops of intestines and tissues pass into the peritoneuamclassifed by loci: inguinal, epigastric, ubmilical, incisional, Diastasis recti
63
Cullen's sign
ecchymosis arround the umbilicus → intra-ab bleeding
64
ecchymosis
superficial bleeding under skin
65
abnormal bowl asuc
hyperactivehypoactiveno soiunds
66
Hyperactive bowel
loud high pitched sounds in people with diarrhea, laxatives, gastroenteritis, and early obstruction
67
hypoactive bowel
slow ↓soundsin epople with constipation, obstruction, medicatsions
68
no bowel sounds
may → paralytic ileus after surgery, bowel obstruction
69
Bruits
Turbulent, blowing sounds over partially or totally obstructed artery caused by buildup of plaque
70
Friction rub
grating sounds heard over inflamed organs with serous surfaces commonly over the RUQ liver or LUQ spleen
71
Rebound tenderness
indicative of peritoneal inflammationcheck by slowly pressing on tender area and quickly let go
72
Aceites
abnormal fluid accumulation, detectable after 500 mL with percussion , fluid waves and ultrasounddull percussion laterally to fluid tympany at mid ab
73
Paracentesis
procedure to remove fluid from peritoneal cavity by needle insertion into the cavity. Usually done when person is respiratory distress or ad pain
74
Menopause
no menses for 12 mths
| dry skin, hair loss, hot flashes, insomnia, mood changes/irritability, irreg periods, night sweats, dry vag, wt gain
75
Joint types
fused: in skull ireggular and flat
76
Ball and socket
shoulder and hip
77
hinge
elbow and fingers and knee and toes
78
Gliding
wrist hand ankle foot
79
Plane
vertibrae
80
condyloid
wrists
81
Abduction
move from midline
82
adduction
move to midline
83
pronation
rotation from anatomical neutral
84
supination
rotation to anatomical neutral
85
eversion
bending away moving from midline (ankle)
86
inversion
bending toward midline (ankle)
87
Dorsiflexion
upward flex of foot
88
plantarflexion
down flex of foot
89
flexion
moving toward body
90
extension
moving away from body
91
elevation
movement that raises a part in its plane (shoulder shrug)
92
Tendons
力 to joint
93
Ligament
力 to 力
94
Strain
tendon injury
95
Sprain
ligament injury
96
Osteoarthritis (OA)
progressive wear down of protective cartilage affects distal interphalangeal joins
97
Osteoporosis
progressive loss of bone density
98
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
progressive inflammatory autoimmune that attacks metacarpophalangeal synovial joints in hands and feet
99
paresthesia
burring, tingling, prickling(Serious, needs further assessment and should notify HCP)
100
Ataxia
unsteady gait from injury, pain or cerebellar function
101
Diplegic gait (Scissors gait)
Legs swing across midline to compensate for lack of motioncommon w/cerebral palsy
102
Shuffling gait
Problem with balance, Parkinson's (characteristic), ↓lower extremity strength
103
Foot drop
weakness or paralysis of 力 in lower leg or inabliiy to control plantar flexsion of the ankle (cant bring foot to neutral)→peroneal nerve injurst or 力/nerveological disroder
104
Scoliosis
S or C shaped curvature in the lateral plane of spine
105
Kyphosis
hunchback curvature in thoracic spinecan affect thorax contents
106
Lordosis
↑lower back arch curvature
107
Bouchard's nodes
bony enlargements of proximal interphalangeal joints (PIP), common in people with OA and RA
108
Heberden's nodes
bony enlargements of distal interphalangeal joints common in people with OA
109
Tinel's sign
for Carpel tunnel syndrome: Palm up and fingers at natural curl, tap median nerve at wrists (thumb side)Tingling or pain radiating to thump, index or middle finger is positive
110
Phalen's test
flex both wrists in and fingers extended pointing down (╦) and press together for 1 min Positive if tingling or numbness in the palmar aspect of the fingers
111
Hallux Valgus
Bunionlateral deviation and enlarged joint of the great toe
112
Hammertoe
permanent contracted-toe deformity proximal interphalangeal joint of 2-4th toe can be affected
113
Trendelenburg's position
supine, bed is flat and angled so head is lowest part of body
114
Reverse Trendelenburg's position
Body supine, bed itself is angled so head is higher than body
115
Perimenopausal
E and p fluctuations before meno
116
Amenorrhea
absence of menses
117
Primary Amenorrhea
15< w/o ever having a period
118
Secondary Amenorrhea
Secondary: 3-6 w/o period
119
Metrorraghia
uterine bleeding at irregular intervals most often associated with dysfunctional ovaries
120
Menorrhagia
excessive or prolonged duration of menses
121
Oligomenorrhea
decreased or light menses
122
Primary dysmenorrhea
lower abdominal pain that may radiate to the lower back or legs, headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, irritability, fatigue, and depression
123
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
```
Nausea
Vomiting
Tender breasts
Fatigue
Bloating
Gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g., constipation, heartburn, or diarrhea)
Insomnia
Irritability
Mood swings
```
124
Fibrocystic breast disease
benign painless lumps or thickening of tissue in breasts
125
Breast cysts
fluid-filled lumps in the breast
126
Mastectomy
surgical removal of one or both breasts.
127
Breast reduction/augmentation
Remove or increase breast size
128
Fibroadenomas
solid, round, rubbery lumps filled with fibrous and glandular tissues; these lumps move easily when pushed
129
Breast cancer signs
lump, edema, nip discharge change in breasts, pain
130
Bacterial Vaginosis
Overgrowth of vaginal bacteria
Thin, white, yellow, or grayish Fishy odor
Genital itching, redness, dysuria
131
Candidiasis
Fungal infection
| Thick, white, curd-like, Genital itching, burning, dysuria
132
Chlamydia
Chlamydia trachomatis
Bleeding after sexual intercourse Discharge with foul odor
Dysuria, abdominal pain, genital itching or burning
133
Trichomoniasis
parasite: Trichomonas vaginalis
Clear, white, yellow-green Frothy discharge
Genital itching, burning, redness, dysuria
134
Supernumerary nipple
additional nipple somewhere along the mammary line
135
Peau d ’orange
pitting, dimpling, or swelling seen in inflamed skin
| carcinoma
136
Nipple discharge
normally seen in a pregnant woman and one who is breastfeeding
137
Paget’s disease
the areola is bumpy, persistently itchy, red, or scaly; patient may complain of tingling sensation
138
Gonorrhea
inflammation of the urethra, prostate, rectum, and/or pharynx
yellow mucopurulent penile discharge
139
Chlamydia men
penile discharge and dysuria, pain with urination.
140
Dysuria
pain and difficulty with urination
141
Bladder pain
indicate cystitis, inflammation of the bladder due to infection
142
Back pain man genital assessment
costovertebral tenderness may indicate inflammation of the kidneys or possibly the presence of kidney stones
143
Testicular pain
trauma, infection, or cancer; testicular torsion
144
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
nonmalignant enlargement of the prostate gland
145
Hydrocele
accumulation of fluid around the testes
146
Epididymitis
swelling and inflammation of the epididymis
147
Gynecomastia
overdeveloped fibroglandular breast tissue
148
Syphilis chancre
painless, firm, round, and open sore →penis
149
Cellulitis
skin appears red and swollen; feels warm, hot, and tender
150
Ischemia
restriction in blood supply to tissues, causing a shortage of oxygen that is needed
151
Tissue Ischemia
Pain pallor, skin color change
152
myocardial infarction \ heart attack
Dizziness, nausea, cold sweat, shortness of breath. discomfort in (chest, jaw, arm, shoulder abdomen), uncomfortable fullness\pressure\pain in chest
153
Stenosis
abnormal narrowing of a passage in the body
154
syncope
fainting usually from ↑BP
155
mumps
edema in parotid glands →puffed up cheeks, loci pain, fatigue, fever headache
156
pruritus
itchy skin
157
scabies
itchy red papules
worse at night
Itchy lumps or nodules in the armpits and groin →→~
palms and soles, wrists and axilla, umbilicus
158
Thomas test
leg pulled toward chest while lying down
159
CAGE questions
Cut down
Annoyed
Guilty
Eye-opener (first thing of day)
160
Scatoma (CN III, IV, VI)
reduced or absent vision surrounded by normal vision
161
Hemianopia (CN III, IV, VI)
half lost of visual field
162
Accommodation (CN II, III)
cross eying
163
Consensual Pupil response (CN II, III)
pupil
164
Dyspnea
shortness of breath
165
Cardiac Dyspnea
due to ↓cardiac output
166
Expiratory Dyspnea
due to chronic COPD wheezing
167
Orthopnea
shortness due to supine
168
Paroxysmal nocturnal Dyspnea
shortness while sleep, sit upright to breath, cardiovasc reasons
169
Fremitus
solidity of lungs or space in cavity
↑with pneumonia
↓lowered air movement / fluid
170
Crackles
sudden opening of airways by coughing
| cleared by coughing
171
Wheezing
narrowed passage ways in bronchial trees
172
Rhonchi
loud deeper wheezing
173
Stridor
Emergency loudest over trachea
| upper airway obstruction
174
adventitious breath sounds
abnormal sounds that are heard over a patient's lungs and airways (includes crackles, wheezing, rhonchi)
