Vocab Chapter 7 #1

Question 1

the brain and the spinal cord

Answer 1

central nervous system

Question 2

a system of nerves that connects the outlying parts of the body with the central nervous system

Answer 2

peripheral nervous system

Question 3

carrying to or toward a center

Answer 3

afferent nerves

Question 4

carrying away or away from

Answer 4

efferent nerves

Question 5

the division of the nervous system that functions involuntarily; innervates cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands, also called involuntarily nervous system

Answer 5

autonomic nervous system

Question 6

a division of the peripheral nervous system; also called the voluntary nervous system

Answer 6

somatic nervous system

Question 7

the non-neuronal tissue of the central nervous system that performs supportive and other functions; also called glial cells or glia

Answer 7

Neuroglia

Question 8

type of CNS supporting cell, assists in exchanges between blood capillaries and neurons

Answer 8

Astrocytes

Question 9

type of CNS supporting cell, phagocytes that ingest debris such as bacteria or dead cells

Answer 9

Microglia

Question 10

type of CNS supporting cell; lines the central cavities of the brain and spinal cord and circulates cerebrospinal fluid with their beating cilia

Answer 10

Ependymal cells

Question 11

type of CNS supporting cell that has many cellular processes, each of which makes up a myelin sheath.

Answer 11

Oligodendrocytes

Question 12

type of neuroglia in the PNS; protects and cushions peripheral nerve cell bodies

Answer 12

satellite cells

Question 13

type of neuroglia in the PNS; many Schwann cells for the myelin sheaths on a single neuron

Answer 13

Schwann cell

Question 14

the branching extensions of neurons that carry electrical signals to the cell body; the receptive portion of a nerve cell

Answer 14

dendrites

Question 15

neuron process that carries impulses away from the nerve cell body; efferent process, the conducting portion of a nerve cell

Answer 15

axon

Question 16

indentations/gaps in myelin sheath

Answer 16

nodes of Ranvier

Question 17

neurons with two processes, on axon and one dendrite, rare in adults

Answer 17

bipolar neurons

Question 18

structural class of neuron with one processes extending from the cell body

Answer 18

unipolar neuron

Question 19

structural class of neuron with more than two processes extending from the cell body

Answer 19

multipolar neuron

Question 20

chemical released by neurons that may, upon binding to receptors of neurons of effector cells, stimulate or inhibit them

Answer 20

neurotransmitters

Question 21

the region of communication between neurons, or a neuromuscular junction between a neuron and a muscle cell

Answer 21

synapse

Question 22

tight coil of wrapped membrane; encloses the axon

Answer 22

myelin sheath

Question 23

part of Schwann cell, external to the myelin sheath

Answer 23

neurilemma

Question 24

autoimmune disorder of the CNS where myelin sheaths are converted into hardened scleroses in the brain and spinal cord; results in loss of control

Answer 24

multiple sclerosis

Question 25

a group of nerve cell bodies located in the peripheral nervous system

Answer 25

ganglia

Question 26

gray area of the CNS, contains unmyelinated nerve fibers and nerve cell bodies

Answer 26

Gray matter

Question 27

white substance of CNS; the myelinated nerve fibers

Answer 27

white matter

Question 28

completes the pathway between afferent and efferent neurons; also called an association neuron

Answer 28

Interneuron

Question 29

type of sensory receptor found in the dermis or epidermis

Answer 29

cutaneous sense organs

Question 30

a receptor located in a muscle or tendon; concerned with locomotion, posture, and muscle tone

Answer 30

Proprioceptor