Vocab List 3

Question 0

Warrant

Answer 0

Expresses the assumption

Question 1

Argument

Answer 1

A persuasive discourse, a coherent and considered movement from a claim to a conclusion.

Question 2

Qualifier

Answer 2

(Usually, probably) tempers the claim.

Question 3

Claim

Answer 3

The argument’s main position.

Question 4

Claim of fact

Answer 4

Asserts something is true or not true.

Question 5

Claim of policy

Answer 5

Proposing a change

Question 6

Claim of value

Answer 6

Common type of claim, argues that something is good or bad.

Question 7

Introduction

Answer 7

Introduces the reader to the topic.

Question 8

Narration

Answer 8

Explaining the topic in further detail.

Question 9

Confirmation

Answer 9

What the thesis is, analysis.

Question 10

Refutation

Answer 10

Addressing other points but defending your own.

Question 11

Conclusion

Answer 11

Ending your argument.

Question 12

Syllogism

Answer 12

logical argument composed of three parts:

Question 13

Major premise

Answer 13

which forms the predicate of the conclusion.

Question 14

Minor premise

Answer 14

The premise in a syllogism containing the minor term, which will form the subject of the conclusion.

Question 15

Toulmin model

Answer 15

An approach to argument by Stephen Toulmin.

Question 16

Backing

Answer 16

Consists of further assurances of data.

Question 17

Rebuttal

Answer 17

Gives voice to objection.

Question 18

Reservation

Answer 18

Explains terms and conditions necessitated by the qualifier.

Question 19

Rogerian argument

Answer 19

Based on the assumption that having a full understanding of an opposing position is essential to responding to it persuasively.

Question 20

Open thesis

Answer 20

Does not list all the points the writer intends to cover in an essay,

Question 21

Closed thesis

Answer 21

A statement of the main idea of the argument that also previews the major points of an author.

Question 22

Fallacy

Answer 22

An argument that uses poor reasoning.

Question 23

Logical fallacy.

Answer 23

• a fallacy in logical argumentation

Question 24

Hasty generalization

Answer 24

reaching an inductive generalization based on insufficient evidence—essentially making a hasty conclusion without considering all of the variables.

Question 25

Faulty causality

Answer 25

(sometimes called Post Hoc) is a rhetorical fallacy in which the underlying assumption is that if one event happened before another, the first actually caused the second.

Question 26

Ad hominem

Answer 26

a claim or argument is rejected on the basis of some irrelevant fact about the author of or the person presenting the claim or argument.

Question 27

Straw man fallacy

Answer 27

misrepresentation of the topic of argument.

Question 28

Faulty analogy

Answer 28

This fallacy consists in assuming that because two things are alike in one or more respects, they are necessarily alike in some other respect.

Question 29

Enthymeme

Answer 29

an informally stated syllogism (a three-part deductive argument) with an unstated assumption that must be true for the premises to lead to the conclusion.

Question 30

2nd hand evidence

Answer 30

This term is used for hearsay evidence that a person has learned from another person and has not seen or heard themselves.

Question 31

1st hand evidence

Answer 31

is evidence that comes from someone that witnessed/was apart of whatever the situation is.

Question 32

Quantitative evidence.

Answer 32

Data expressed in numbers or stats.

Question 33

Slippery slope

Answer 33

which a person asserts that some event must inevitably follow from another without any rational argument or demonstrable mechanism for the inevitability of the event in question.

Question 34

Scare tactics

Answer 34

1. | a strategy intended to influence public reaction by the exploitation of fear.

Question 35

Begging the question

Answer 35

conclusion that one is attempting to prove is included in the initial premises of an argument, often in an indirect way that conceals this fact.

Question 36

Circular reasoning

Answer 36

which the reasoner begins with what they are trying to end with.

Question 37

Assumption

Answer 37

An statement at the end.