VOCAB QUIZ Topics 5-6 Flashcards
(24 cards)
Consciousness
Our awareness of ourselves and our environment
spontaneous recovery
the reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished conditioned response
REM Sleep
a recurring sleep stage during which vivid reams commonly occur; muscles are relaxed but other body systems are active
Classical Conditioning
a type of learning in which one learns to link 2 or more stimuli and anticipate events
- Ivan Pavlov
- John B. Watson
operant conditioning
a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher
insomnia
recurring problems in falling or staying asleep
narcolepsy
Uncontrollable sleep attacks; may lapse directly into REM sleep
sleep apnea
a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings
positive reinforcement
increasing behaviors by presenting positive stimuli
negative reinforcement
increasing behaviors by stopping or reducing negative stimuli
sleep apnea
a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings
punishment
an event that decreases the behavior that it follows
manifest content
according to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream
shaping
an operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior
latent content
According to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream
learned helplessness
the hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or human learns when unable to avoid repeated aversive events
fixed interval schedule
a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsed
stimulants
drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions
- Caffeine, nicotine, cocaine, ecstasy
variable ratio schedule
a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses
depressants
drugs that reduce neural activity and slow body functions
- Alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates
extinction
the diminishing of a CR; occurs when an US does not follow a CS
unconditioned response
in classical conditioning the unlearned, naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus
- salivation with food
generalization
the tendency for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses
unconditioned stimulus
a stimulus that unconditionally triggers a response
