VOCAB QUIZ Topics 5-6

Question 1

Consciousness

Answer 1

Our awareness of ourselves and our environment

Question 2

spontaneous recovery

Answer 2

the reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished conditioned response

Question 3

REM Sleep

Answer 3

a recurring sleep stage during which vivid reams commonly occur; muscles are relaxed but other body systems are active

Question 4

Classical Conditioning

Answer 4

a type of learning in which one learns to link 2 or more stimuli and anticipate events
- Ivan Pavlov
- John B. Watson

Question 5

operant conditioning

Answer 5

a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher

Question 6

insomnia

Answer 6

recurring problems in falling or staying asleep

Question 7

narcolepsy

Answer 7

Uncontrollable sleep attacks; may lapse directly into REM sleep

Question 8

sleep apnea

Answer 8

a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings

Question 9

positive reinforcement

Answer 9

increasing behaviors by presenting positive stimuli

Question 10

negative reinforcement

Answer 10

increasing behaviors by stopping or reducing negative stimuli

Question 11

sleep apnea

Answer 11

a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings

Question 12

punishment

Answer 12

an event that decreases the behavior that it follows

Question 13

manifest content

Answer 13

according to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream

Question 14

shaping

Answer 14

an operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior

Question 15

latent content

Answer 15

According to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream

Question 16

learned helplessness

Answer 16

the hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or human learns when unable to avoid repeated aversive events

Question 17

fixed interval schedule

Answer 17

a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsed

Question 18

stimulants

Answer 18

drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions
- Caffeine, nicotine, cocaine, ecstasy

Question 19

variable ratio schedule

Answer 19

a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses

Question 20

depressants

Answer 20

drugs that reduce neural activity and slow body functions
- Alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates

Question 21

extinction

Answer 21

the diminishing of a CR; occurs when an US does not follow a CS

Question 22

unconditioned response

Answer 22

in classical conditioning the unlearned, naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus
- salivation with food

Question 23

generalization

Answer 23

the tendency for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses

Question 24

unconditioned stimulus

Answer 24

a stimulus that unconditionally triggers a response