vocab training 10/11/2023

Question 1

acme

Answer 1

Type of word: Noun

Meaning(s):
1. The point at which something is at its best or most successful; the highest point of achievement.

2. A company that represents the pinnacle of its industry or field.
3. A device, typically a simple tool, that serves as a symbol or emblem of a particular concept or quality.

Chinese Meaning(s):
1. 巅峰，最成功的时刻

2. 业界巅峰的公司
3. 象征或代表特定概念或品质的装置，通常是简单的工具

Antonyms:
1. Nadir, lowest point

2. Mediocrity, also-ran
3. Insignificance, obscurity

Synonyms:
1. Zenith, summit, apogee, pinnacle, climax

2. Leader, trendsetter, flagship
3. Emblem, symbol, token, representation, hallmark

Sample sentence(s):
1. The successful launch of the new product marked the acme of the company’s achievements.

2. Acme Corporation is widely regarded as the industry leader in technological innovation.
3. The antique pocket watch served as an acme of craftsmanship, representing the finest quality of its time.

Question 2

efflorescence

Answer 2

Type of word: Noun

Meaning(s):
1. The process of forming a powdery or crystalline deposit on a surface as a result of evaporation, especially from concrete or masonry.

2. The state or period of flowering or blossoming, often used metaphorically.
3. The manifestation or development of something, such as talent or creativity, in a visible or prominent way.

Chinese Meaning(s):
1. 在表面上形成粉状或结晶沉积的过程，通常是由于蒸发引起的，特别是在混凝土或砖石表面。

2. 开花或盛开的状态或时期，常常用作比喻。
3. 某事物，如才华或创造力，以明显或突出的方式显现或发展的过程。

Antonyms:
1. Dissolution, disappearance

2. Dormancy, withering
3. Obscurity, concealment

Synonyms:
1. Effervescence, crystallization, precipitation, deposition

2. Bloom, blossom, flowering, flourishing, peak
3. Manifestation, emergence, revelation, expression, exhibition

Sample sentence(s):
1. The old wall showed signs of efflorescence, with white crystals forming on its surface due to water evaporation.

2. Spring is the efflorescence of nature, where flowers bloom, and life awakens from its winter slumber.
3. The artist’s efflorescence of talent became evident in the vibrant colors and intricate details of the masterpiece.

Question 3

epitome

Answer 3

Type of word: Noun

Meaning(s):
1. A representative or perfect example of a particular quality or type; a quintessence.

2. A summary or condensed version that captures the essential features or characteristics of something.
3. A person or thing that is a typical or ideal example of a concept or class.

Chinese Meaning(s):
1. 某一品质或类型的典型或完美代表；精髓

2. 捕捉某事物基本特征或特性的摘要或精简版本
3. 概念或类别的典型或理想例子的人或物

Antonyms:
1. Anomaly, deviation

2. Excess, verbosity
3. Aberration, atypicality

Synonyms:
1. Quintessence, embodiment, paragon, archetype, essence

2. Abstract, synopsis, digest, condensation, abridgment
3. Model, exemplar, ideal, prototype, representation

Sample sentence(s):
1. The Taj Mahal is considered the epitome of architectural beauty and perfection.

2. The book provides an epitome of the author’s complex philosophy, condensing it into a comprehensible summary.
3. She was the epitome of grace and elegance, embodying the ideal of a sophisticated and refined woman.

Question 4

bloom

Answer 4

Type of word: Noun, Verb

Meaning(s):
1. (Noun) A flower, especially one that is brightly colored or fragrant.

2. (Noun) The state or time of flowering; the peak or prime of something.
3. (Verb) To produce flowers; to be in the process of flowering.
4. (Verb) To reach a state of maximum development or beauty.

Chinese Meaning(s):
1.（名词）花朵，尤指色彩鲜艳或芬芳的花朵。

2.（名词）开花的状态或时间；某事物的巅峰或全盛时期。

3.（动词）产生花朵；处于开花的过程中。

4.（动词）达到最大发展或美丽的状态。

Antonyms:
1. (Noun) Withered flower, bud

2. (Noun) Decline, nadir
3. (Verb) Wither, fade
4. (Verb) Decline, deteriorate

Synonyms:
1. (Noun) Blossom, flower, floret, petal, bloomlet

2. (Noun) Peak, prime, zenith, apex, acme
3. (Verb) Flower, blossom, flourish, burgeon, effloresce
4. (Verb) Thrive, prosper, flourish, burgeon, blossom

Sample sentence(s):
1. The garden was filled with the vibrant colors of various blooms, creating a visually stunning display.

2. The artist’s career reached its bloom in the 1980s when his work gained international recognition.
3. The cherry trees began to bloom in early spring, painting the landscape with delicate pink blossoms.
4. Her talents truly began to bloom after years of dedicated practice, reaching a level of excellence that captivated audiences worldwide.

Question 5

anagrams

Answer 5

Type of word: Noun

Meaning(s):
1. Words or phrases formed by rearranging the letters of another word or phrase, using all the original letters exactly once.

Chinese Meaning(s):
1. 通过重新排列另一个单词或短语的字母而形成的单词或短语，使用所有原始字母且仅使用一次。

Antonyms:
1. Original words

Synonyms:
1. Scrambled words, letter rearrangements, word jumbles

Sample sentence(s):
1. The word “listen” and “silent” are anagrams of each other, sharing the same set of letters.

2. Puzzle enthusiasts enjoy solving anagrams as a challenging and entertaining word game.
3. The anagram “astronomer” can be rearranged to form the word “moon starer,” showcasing the linguistic fun derived from rearranging letters.

Question 6

enigmas

Answer 6

Type of word: Noun

Meaning(s):
1. Puzzling or mysterious situations, events, or occurrences that are difficult to understand or explain.

2. A person or thing that is mysterious, puzzling, or difficult to understand.

Chinese Meaning(s):
1. 难以理解或解释的令人困惑或神秘的情境、事件或现象。

2. 一个神秘、令人费解或难以理解的人或物。

Antonyms:
1. Clarity, transparency

2. Explicitness, simplicity

Synonyms:
1. Conundrums, mysteries, puzzles, riddles, perplexities

2. Enigma, mystery, puzzle, conundrum, paradox

Sample sentence(s):
1. The disappearance of the ancient artifact remains one of the great enigmas in archaeological history.

2. The professor, with his cryptic remarks and elusive demeanor, became an enigma to the students, leaving them pondering the depths of his knowledge.
3. Life often presents us with enigmas that challenge our intellect and invite us to explore the realms of the unknown.

Question 7

embezzlement

Answer 7

Type of word: Noun

Meaning(s):
1. The act of dishonestly appropriating or misusing funds entrusted to one’s care, typically by an employee or official.

Chinese Meaning(s):
1. 不诚实地占用或滥用托付给某人的资金的行为，通常是由雇员或官员实施。

Antonyms:
1. Honesty, integrity

Synonyms:
1. Misappropriation, fraud, peculation, pilferage, swindling

Sample sentence(s):
1. The executive was charged with embezzlement after diverting company funds for personal use.

2. Embezzlement undermines the trust placed in individuals responsible for financial matters, tarnishing the reputation of both the person involved and the organization.
3. The forensic accountant uncovered a complex web of embezzlement schemes, revealing the extent of financial misconduct within the company.

Question 8

oscillation

Answer 8

Type of word: Noun

Meaning(s):
(always changing feeling or opinion)
1. The act or state of swinging back and forth with a regular rhythm.

2. Fluctuation or variation, especially between different states, opinions, or conditions.
3. The process of moving or changing in a regular, repeating manner.

Chinese Meaning(s):
1. 以规律的节奏前后摆动的行为或状态。

2. 波动或变化，尤指在不同状态、意见或条件之间的波动。
3. 以规律、重复的方式移动或变化的过程。

Antonyms:
1. Stability, stillness

2. Consistency, uniformity
3. Stagnation, immobility

Synonyms:
1. Swinging, swinging motion, sway, rocking, pendulation

2. Fluctuation, variation, vacillation, instability, indecision
3. Vibration, undulation, fluctuation, oscillation, pulsation

Sample sentence(s):
1. The pendulum’s oscillation is a classic example of a regular back-and-forth movement.

2. The stock market experienced significant oscillation as investors reacted to economic uncertainties.
3. The oscillation of the waves created a mesmerizing pattern on the surface of the lake.

Question 9

ambivalence

Answer 9

Type of word: Noun

Meaning(s):
1. The coexistence of conflicting feelings, attitudes, or emotions toward a particular person, situation, or object.

2. The state of uncertainty or indecisiveness resulting from the presence of opposing or contradictory emotions.

Chinese Meaning(s):
1. 对特定的人、情境或物体存在相互冲突的感觉、态度或情绪的共存。

2. 由于存在相对或矛盾的情感而导致的不确定或犹豫的状态。

Antonyms:
1. Certainty, decisiveness

2. Clarity, conviction

Synonyms:
1. Ambiguity, mixed feelings, conflicting emotions, duality, equivocation

2. Hesitation, vacillation, indecision, uncertainty, fluctuation

Sample sentence(s):
1. The protagonist grappled with ambivalence, torn between loyalty to family and the pursuit of personal happiness.

2. The artist’s work evoked a sense of ambivalence, leaving viewers contemplating the complex interplay of emotions represented on the canvas.
3. Ambivalence often arises in situations where conflicting values or priorities come into play, challenging individuals to navigate the delicate balance between opposing forces.

Question 10

ambiguity

Answer 10

Type of word: Noun

Meaning(s):
1. The quality or state of being open to more than one interpretation; unclear or indefinite meaning.

2. A situation or statement that allows for multiple interpretations or understanding.

Chinese Meaning(s):
1. 可以有多种解释的质量或状态；不明确或模糊的含义。

2. 允许多种解释或理解的情境或陈述。

Antonyms:
1. Clarity, precision

2. Explicitness, certainty

Synonyms:
1. Vagueness, uncertainty, indistinctness, obscurity, haziness

2. Ambivalence, equivocation, vagueness, double entendre, polysemy

Sample sentence(s):
1. The poem was written with deliberate ambiguity, inviting readers to find their own meanings within its verses.

2. In diplomatic negotiations, strategic ambiguity can be employed to maintain flexibility and avoid committing to specific positions.
3. Ambiguity in communication can lead to misunderstandings, emphasizing the importance of clear and precise language in conveying ideas effectively.

Question 11

intemperance

Answer 11

Type of word: Noun

Meaning(s):
1. Lack of moderation, excessiveness, especially in the consumption of food, drink, or other indulgences.

2. Lack of restraint or self-control in behavior, often leading to excessive or immoderate actions.

Chinese Meaning(s):
1. 缺乏节制，过度，尤其是在食物、饮料或其他放纵方面。

2. 行为上缺乏克制或自我控制，通常导致过度或不适度的行为。

Antonyms:
1. Moderation, temperance

2. Restraint, self-control

Synonyms:
1. Excess, indulgence, immoderation, overindulgence, gluttony

2. Lack of restraint, unrestrained behavior, excessiveness, lack of self-control, intemperateness

Sample sentence(s):
1. The king’s intemperance in feasting and drinking led to a decline in the kingdom’s prosperity.

2. Intemperance in spending often results in financial difficulties and instability.
3. The consequences of intemperance in personal relationships can strain connections and lead to unnecessary conflicts.

Question 12

perjury

Answer 12

Type of word: Noun

Meaning(s):
1. The willful act of providing false information or deliberately lying while under oath, especially in a court of law.

2. The offense of deliberately giving false testimony or lying while sworn to tell the truth.

Chinese Meaning(s):
1. 故意在宣誓时提供虚假信息或故意撒谎的行为，尤其是在法庭上。

2. 故意提供虚假证词或在宣誓要说实话的情况下撒谎的罪行。

Antonyms:
1. Truthfulness, honesty

Synonyms:
1. False swearing, false testimony, lying under oath, deceit, dishonesty

Sample sentence(s):
1. The witness was charged with perjury after it was discovered that his testimony contradicted the evidence.

2. Perjury undermines the foundation of justice by compromising the integrity of the legal system.
3. Providing false information under oath is a serious offense, and those who commit perjury may face legal consequences.

Question 13

obsolescent

Answer 13

Type of word: Adjective

Meaning(s):
1. Becoming obsolete or gradually falling out of use, but not entirely obsolete yet.

2. In the process of becoming outdated or no longer in widespread use.

Chinese Meaning(s):
1. 正在变得过时或逐渐不再使用，但尚未完全过时。

2. 正在变得过时或不再广泛使用的过程中。

Antonyms:
1. Current, modern, up-to-date

Synonyms:
1. Outdated, antiquated, fading, phasing out, antiquarian

Sample sentence(s):
1. The once-popular technology is now obsolescent as newer and more advanced models are introduced.

2. The typewriter is considered obsolescent in the age of computers and word processors.
3. The obsolescent machinery in the factory is being replaced with state-of-the-art equipment to enhance efficiency and productivity.

Question 14

pubescent

Answer 14

Type of word: Adjective

Meaning(s):
1. Relating to, characteristic of, or undergoing puberty, the stage of development when a person becomes capable of sexual reproduction.

2. In the state of adolescence, typically marked by the development of secondary sexual characteristics.

Chinese Meaning(s):
1. 与青春期有关、具有青春期特征或正在经历青春期的。

2. 处于青少年阶段，通常表现为次生性征的发育。

Antonyms:
1. Prepubescent, immature

Synonyms:
1. Adolescent, teenage, youthful, maturing

Sample sentence(s):
1. During the pubescent years, individuals undergo significant physical and hormonal changes as they transition into adulthood.

2. Pubescent development is a crucial phase in human growth, encompassing various transformations in both physical and emotional aspects.
3. The doctor discussed the pubescent changes with the parents, explaining the natural progression of their child’s development during this transitional period.

Question 15

convalescent

Answer 15

Type of word: Adjective, Noun

Meaning(s):
1. (Adjective) Recovering health and strength after illness or medical treatment.

2. (Noun) A person who is recovering from illness or medical treatment.

Chinese Meaning(s):
1.（形容词）在病后或医疗治疗后康复健康和体力。

2.（名词）正在康复中的人，康复者。

Antonyms:
1. (Adjective) Ailing, unwell

Synonyms:
1. (Adjective) Recuperating, recovering, improving, healing

2. (Noun) Recoverer, patient in recovery, healing person

Sample sentence(s):
1. The convalescent patient followed a carefully prescribed regimen to regain strength and vitality.

2. The convalescent thanked the medical staff for their care and support during the recovery process.
3. Convalescents often require a gradual return to regular activities to ensure a smooth and successful recovery.

Question 16

genuflection

Answer 16

Type of word: Noun

Meaning(s):
1. The act of bending at least one knee to the ground as a sign of reverence or worship, especially in a religious or ceremonial context.

2. A gesture or display of deep respect, submission, or devotion.

Chinese Meaning(s):
1. 在表示尊敬或崇拜的场合，至少单膝跪地的行为，尤其是在宗教或仪式上。

2. 深深的尊重、顺从或忠诚的手势或表达。

Antonyms:
1. Upright stance, standing tall

Synonyms:
1. Kneeling, bowing, prostration, obeisance, homage

Sample sentence(s):
1. The religious ceremony included a moment of genuflection as a symbol of humility and reverence.

2. In some cultures, genuflection is a customary gesture to show respect to elders or authority figures.
3. The knight performed a genuflection before the king, demonstrating his loyalty and submission to the royal authority.

Question 17

coined

Answer 17

Type of word: Verb

Meaning(s):
1. To create or invent a new word or phrase.

2. To devise or originate a term or expression, often for a specific purpose or concept.

Chinese Meaning(s):
1. 创造或发明新的单词或短语。

2. 设计或创造一个术语或表达，通常用于特定目的或概念。

Antonyms:
1. Adopted, established

Synonyms:
1. Invented, created, formulated, originated, crafted

Sample sentence(s):
1. Shakespeare is often credited with having coined many words and phrases still in use today.

2. The scientist coined a term to describe the newly discovered phenomenon in the field of astrophysics.
3. The marketing team coined a catchy slogan to promote the product, capturing the essence of its unique features.