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Abdominal Pain > Vocabulary > Flashcards

Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

Acute Abdomen

A

Sudden onset of abdominal pain, usually indicating peritonitis; demanding immediate medical or surgical intervention

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2
Q

Acute Gastroenteritis

A

A family of conditions that revolve around a central theme of infection with fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting

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3
Q

Anal Fissures

A

Linear tears to the mucosal lining in and near the anus, possibly caused by the passage of large, hard stools; a cause of lower gastrointestinal bleeding

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4
Q

Appendicitis

A

Inflammation of the appendix

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5
Q

Ascites

A

Abdominal edema typically signaling liver failure

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6
Q

Biliary Tract Disorders

A

A group of disorders that involve inflammation of the gallbladder; these include cholangitis, cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, and acalculous cholecystitis

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7
Q

Boerhaave Syndrome

A

Forceful vomiting that results in a tear in the esophagus that extends entirely through the esophageal wall, creating a hole

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8
Q

Borborygmi

A

A bowel sound characterized by increased activity within the bowel; also caused hyperperistalsis

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9
Q

Cholangitis

A

Inflammation of the bile duct

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10
Q

Cholelithiasis

A

The presence of stones within the gallbladder

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11
Q

Cholecystitis

A

Inflammation of the gallbladder

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12
Q

Cirrhosis

A

Early failure of the liver, characterized by portal hypertension, coagulation deficiencies, and diminished detoxification

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13
Q

Crohn Disease

A

Inflammation of the ileum and possibly other portions of the gastrointestinal tract, in which the immune system attacks portions of the intestinal walls, causing them to become scarred, narrowed, stiff, and weakened

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14
Q

Diarrhea

A

Liquid stool

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15
Q

Digestion

A

The mechanical and chemical breakdown of the large molecules in food into small molecules that can be absorbed into the gastrointestinal tract and converted to energy for cellular function

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16
Q

Diverticulitis

A

Inflammation of pouches in the colon; the pouches form as a result of difficulty moving feces through the colon. Bacteria can become trapped in the pouches, leading to inflammation and infection

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17
Q

Diverticulum

A

A weak area in the colon that begins to have small outcroppings that turn into pouches; plural is diverticula

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18
Q

Endoscopy

A

Insertion of a flexible fiberoptic tube into the esophagus to visualize, remove, or repair damaged or diseased tissue

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19
Q

Epigastric

A

The region of the abdomen directly inferior to the xiphoid process and superior to the umbilicus

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20
Q

Esophagitis

A

Inflammation of the esophagus

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21
Q

Esophagogastric Varices

A

Dilated blood vessels of the esophagus, commonly caused by difficulty in blood flow through the liver, the presence of these can lead to vessel rupture

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22
Q

Feculent

A

Smelling of feces

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23
Q

Fistula

A

An abnormal connection between two cavities

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24
Q

Gastritis

A

A preulcerative state where the stomach is inflamed, but erosions have not yet occured

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25
Q

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

A

A condition in which the sphincter between the esophagus and the stomach opens, allowing stomach acid to moved superiorly; can cause a burning sensation within the chest; also called reflux disease

26
Q

Hematochezia

A

The passage of stool in which bright red blood can be distinguished; caused by lower gastrointestinal bleeding

27
Q

Hepatic Encephalopathy

A

Impairment of brain function resulting from failure of the liver

28
Q

Hepatitis

A

Inflammation of the liver, usually caused by a virus that causes fever, loss of appetite, jaundice, fatigue, and altered liver function

29
Q

Hernia

A

The protrusion of a loop of an organ or tissue through an abnormal body opening

30
Q

Hiatal Hernia

A

A protrusion of a portion of the stomach through the diaphragm

31
Q

Hypoperistalsis

A

Decreased activity in the bowel

32
Q

Hyperperistalsis

A

Increased activity in the bowel

33
Q

Icteric

A

Yellowish coloration of the conjunctiva caused by the buildup of bilirubin in the blood during liver failure

34
Q

Incarcerated

A

A type of hernia in which an organ is trapped in the new location; most commonly obstructs the bowel

35
Q

Incisional

A

A type of hernia in which intestinal contents herniate through an incision

36
Q

Inflammatory Bowel Disease

A

Chronic inflammation of all or part of the gastrointestinal tract

37
Q

Intussusception

A

Telescoping of the intestines into themselves

38
Q

Irritable Bowel Syndrome

A

A condition in which patients have abdominal pain and changes in their bowel habits; generally the pain and accompanying changes in bowel habits must be present for at least three days a month for at least three months to be considered this disease

39
Q

Lower Esophageal Sphincter

A

The sphincter between the esophagus and the stomach; controls the amount of food that moves up the esophagus; also called the cardiac sphincter

40
Q

Mallory-Weiss Syndrome

A

A condition in which the junction between the esophagus and the stomach tears; causing severe bleeding and potentially death

41
Q

Mesenteric Ischemia

A

An interruption of the blood supply to the mesentery

42
Q

Neoplasm

A

A mass of tissue produced by abnormal cell growth and division that my be malignant or benign

43
Q

Pancreatitis

A

Inflammation of the pancreas

44
Q

Parietal Pain

A

Pain caused by inflammation of the parietal peritoneum that is generally described as steady, aching, and aggravated by movement

45
Q

Peptic Ulcer Disease

A

A disease in which the mucus lining of the stomach and duodenum have been eroded, allowing the acid to eat into these organs

46
Q

Peritonitis

A

Inflammation of the peritoneum

47
Q

Portal Hypertension

A

Increased pressure in the portal veins; caused by the inability of blood to flow normally through the liver; can lead to rupture of these vessels

48
Q

Pruritus

A

Itching

49
Q

Rebound Tenderness

A

Pain that the patient feels when pressure is released as opposed to when pressure is applied; characteristic of appendicitis

50
Q

Rectal Abscess

A

An infection involving a collection of pus in the rectal walls that results from blockage of the rectal mucous ducts

51
Q

Reducible

A

A type of hernia that will return to its normal location either spontaneously or by manual manipulation

52
Q

Scaphoid

A

A concave shape of the abdomen; can be caused by evisceration

53
Q

Septicemia

A

A generalized infection of the bloodstream

54
Q

Strangulated

A

A type of hernia that causes complete obstruction of blood circulation in a given organ as a result of compression or entrapment; an emergency situation causing death of tissue

55
Q

Striae

A

Vertical stretch marks that occur when a person loses or gains weight rapidly

56
Q

Stricture

A

An abnormal narrowing of a structure; also caused stenosis

57
Q

Tracheoesophageal Fistula

A

A connection between the esophagus and the trachea

58
Q

Tympanic

A

A loud, high-pitched sound, similar to the sound of a drum, heard on percussion of a hollow space

59
Q

Ulcerative Colitis

A

Generalized inflammation of the colon that results in a weakened, dilated rectum, making it prone to infection and bleeding

60
Q

Umbilical

A

The region of the abdomen surrounding the umbilicus

61
Q

Urticaria

A

An itching rash

62
Q

Volvulus

A

Twisting of the bowel until a kink occurs; results in blocked flow

Abdominal Pain (2 decks)

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