Foundations

Question 1

Risk factors for Gastrointestinal Disease

Answer 1

Smoking
Alcohol
Chronic use of Aspirin, NSAIDS, and anticoagulants
Stress
Low-fiber Diet

Question 2

The main function of the gastrointestinal system

Answer 2

To absorb products of digestion to provide the cells in the body nutrients and fuel.

Question 3

Components of the GI tract

Answer 3

Mouth
Esophagus
Stomach
Liver
Pancreas
Gallbladder
Spleen
Aorta
Bladder
Uterus
Illiac Arteries

Question 4

The Mouth

Answer 4

Located in the head
Mechanically breaks down food and begins the chemical breakdown of food with saliva

Question 5

The Esophagus

Answer 5

Located substernal in the epigastric region
Moves food from the mouth to the stomach

Question 6

The Stomach

Answer 6

Located in the left upper quadrant and the epigastric region of the abdomen
Mechanically and chemically breaks down food and turns it into chyme

Question 7

The Liver

Answer 7

Located in the upper right and center of the abdomen
Produces bile; assists with carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism; stores vitamins/manufactures vitamins; detoxifies blood; eliminates waste

Question 8

The Pancreas

Answer 8

Located posterior to the stomach
Produces enzymes for protein, carbohydrate, and fat breakdown within the duodenum but also produces insulin, somatostatin, and glucagon

Question 9

The Gallbladder

Answer 9

Located on the inferior surface of the liver
Stores bile

Question 10

The Spleen

Answer 10

Located in the left upper abdomen
Filters blood and recycles dead red blood cells

Question 11

The Aorta

Answer 11

Located in the central upper abdomen
The main artery supplying blood to the lower body

Question 12

The Bladder

Answer 12

Located in the suprapubic area
Stores urine

Question 13

The Uterus

Answer 13

Located in the suprapubic area
Part of the reproductive system

Question 14

The Illiac Arteries

Answer 14

Located in the central abdomen and lower right and left quadrants
Supplies blood to the lower legs

Question 15

The Duodenum

Answer 15

Located in the central umbilical region
Site for chemical breakdown of food; site for water, fat, protein, carbohydrate, and vitamin absorption

Question 16

The Jejunum

Answer 16

Located in the central umbilical region
Moves chyme forward and absorbs nutrients

Question 17

The Ileum

Answer 17

Located in the central hypogastric to lower right abdomen
Moves chyme forward and absorbs food

Question 18

The Colon

Answer 18

Ascending, Transverse, Descending, and Sigmoid
Water reabsorption, formation of feces, and bacterial digestion of food

Question 19

The Rectum

Answer 19

Located in the suprapubic/hypogastric region
Stores feces

Question 20

The Anus

Answer 20

The most inferior portion of the large intestine

Question 21

The parietal peritoneum

Answer 21

The lining that contains the abdominal organs
Protects and supports the organs within the abdomen

Question 22

The visceral peritoneum

Answer 22

The lining that covers organs

Question 23

The peritoneal cavity

Answer 23

The space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum

Question 24

Food and partially digested food and a strong acidic odor mixed with the smell of food

Answer 24

Vomitus
Caused by influenza or food intolerance among many other things

Question 25

Black or very dark red, granular material

Answer 25

Hematemesis Caused by blood from the mouth, esophagus, or stomach that has been digested by stomach acids and then vomited

Question 26

Vomitus in which red blood is obvious

Answer 26

Vomitus with gross blood Caused by bleeding from the mouth or esophagus that has not been exposed to stomach acids

Question 27

Frequent liquid stool with the consistency of water; can range in color from clear to dark brown

Answer 27

Diarrhea Caused by intestinal infections, bowel obstructions, and is usually associated with small intestinal disorders ---always considered abnormal

Question 28

Tan-colored formed stools; may be softer than typical

Answer 28

Acholic Stools Caused by liver disease; the liver releases bile into the small intestine, bile gives stool its normally dark color

Question 29

Foamy, foul-smelling, mushy, yellow to gray stool; these oily stools usually float within the water

Answer 29

Steatorrhea Caused by liver or pancreas disease causing excessive excretion of fat within the stool

Question 30

A bowel movement that is the consistency of soft-serve ice cream; can range in color from tan to dark brown

Answer 30

Soft Stool Caused by a normal variant for some people; can be caused by new foods or a rapid change of diet

Question 31

Stool and blood that are incorporated together into the same substance, yet are easily distinguished from each other

Answer 31

Hematochezia Caused by bleeding from the lower GI tract

Question 32

Black, tarry, sticky, and very odorous stool and blood blended together into one substance; blood cannot be distinguished from stool

Answer 32

Melena Caused by bleeding in the upper GI tract

Question 33

Pain that is difficult to localize; described as burning, cramping, gnawing, or aching ---usually felt superficially

Answer 33

Visceral Pain originating in the hollow organs Caused by forceful organ contractions or organ distension and stretching

Question 34

Steady, achy pain that is easier to localize but increases on movement

Answer 34

Parietal pain / Rebound pain in the peritoneum Caused by inflammation of the peritoneum (usually by bleeding or infection)

Question 35

Deep, localized pain

Answer 35

Somatic pain from the peripheral nerve tracts Caused by irritation of or injury to tissue, causing activation of peripheral nerve tracts

Question 36

Pain originating in the abdomen and causing the perception of pain in distant locations

Answer 36

Referred pain in the peripheral nerve tracts Caused by visceral, parietal, or somatic pain