Vocabulary

Question 1

Increase

Answer 1

Aumentar

Definição: To (make something) become larger in amount or size.

Examples:

1. Incidents of armed robbery have increased over the last few years.
2. The cost of the project has increased dramatically/significantly since it began.
3. Gradually increase the temperature to boiling point.
   Increased/Increasing efforts are being made to end the dispute.

Question 2

Pace

Answer 2

Ritmo, passo

Definição: the speed at which someone or something moves, or with which something happens or changes.

Examples:

1. a slow/fast pace (um ritmo lento/rápido)
2. When she thought she heard someone following her, she quickened her pace.
3. Could you slow down - I can’t keep pace with (= walk or run as fast as) you.
4. For many years this company has set the pace (= has been the most successful company) in the communications industry.
5. These changes seem to me to be happening at too fast a pace.
6. I don’t like the pace of modern life.

Question 3

Threaten

Answer 3

Ameaçar

Definição: to tell someone that you will kill or hurt them or cause problems if they do not do what you want.

Examples:

1. They threatened the shopkeeper with a gun. (Eles ameaçaram o lojista com uma arma.)
2. [ + to infinitive ] They threatened to kill him unless he did as they asked.
3. Greenpeace works to promote awareness of the dangers that threaten our planet today.
4. Britain threatened to break off diplomatic relations.
5. A masked robber threatened the bank staff with a gun.
6. They threatened to blow up the plane if their demands were not met.
7. She’s threatening to take me to court for not paying the bill on time.

Question 4

Accomplish

Answer 4

realizar, alcançar, executar

Definição: to finish something successfully or to achieve something.

Examples:

1. The students accomplished the task in less than ten minutes.
2. She accomplished such a lot during her visit.
3. I feel as if I’ve accomplished nothing since I left my job.

Eu me sinto como se não tivesse realizado nada desde que deixei meu emprego.

Question 5

Stony

Answer 5

Pedregoso

Example:

1. The island has several stony beaches which are usually deserted.

A ilha possui várias praias pedregosas as quais geralmente estão desertas.

Question 6

Surface

Answer 6

superfície, face

Definição: the outer or top part or layer of something.

Examples:

1. Tropical rain forests used to cover ten percent of the earth’s surface.

As florestas tropicais costumavam cobrir 10% da superfície da Terra.

2. The marble has a smooth, shiny surface.
3. Neil Armstrong was the first person to set foot on the surface of the moon.

Question 7

Sand

Answer 7

Areia

Definição: a substance that consists of very small grains of rock, found on beaches and in deserts.

Examples:

1. a grain of sand
   um grão de areia
2. The children played all day in/on the sand.

As crianças brincaram o dia todo na areia.

3. coarse/fine sand

areia grossa, areia fina

4. Mix one part sand to three parts cement.

Misture uma parte de areia com três partes de cimento.

Question 8

Ridges

Answer 8

cume, crista

Definição: a long, narrow raised part of a surface, especially a high edge along a mountain

Examples:

1. We walked along the narrow mountain ridge.

Nós caminhamos ao longo do estreito cume da montanha.

2. figurative A ridge (= a narrow area) of high pressure will bring good weather this afternoon.

Question 9

Narrow

Answer 9

Estreito, apertado, limitado

Definição: having a small distance from one side to the other, especially in comparison with the length.

Examples:

1. a narrow bridge/passage/gap

uma ponte estreita/uma passagem estreita/um buraco estreito

2. a narrow road

uma estrada estreita

3. The sidewalk is narrow.

A calçada é estreita.

4. a narrow selection of products

uma limitada seleção de produtos

5. a narrow view of life

uma visão limitada da vida

Question 10

Retain

Answer 10

Reter, manter

Definição: to keep or continue to have something.

Examples:

1. She has lost her battle to retain control of the company.

Ela perdeu a batalha para manter o controle da empresa.

2. He managed to retain his dignity throughout the performance.
3. She succeeded in retaining her lead in the second half of the race.
4. I have a good memory and am able to retain (= remember) facts easily.
5. good pay and health insurance to help us retain staff.

um bom pagamento e plano de saúde nos ajudam a manter a equipe.

6. her fight to retain the right to residency.

sua luta para manter o direito à moradia.

Question 11

Run off

Answer 11

fugir, ir embora

Definição: to leave somewhere or someone suddenly.

Examples:

1. You can’t run off (home) now, just when I need you!

Você não pode ir para casa agora, logo quando eu preciso de você!

2. My wife has run off with another man.

Question 12

Rates

Answer 12

1. Ritmo

Definição: the speed at which something happens or changes, or the amount or number of times it happens or changes in a particular period.

Examples:

1.2. Although she’s recovering from her illness, her rate of progress is quite slow.

Embora ela esteja se recuperando de sua doença, a taxa de progresso dela é bastante lenta.

1. 3. I told my assistants to work at their own rate.
2. 4. The drug has a high success/failure rate.
3. Taxa

Definição: the frequency with which sth happens or is done.

Examples:

2. 2. the rising/falling unemployment rate

a crescente/decrescente taxa de desemprego

2. 3. The rate of cancer deaths has gone up/down.

A taxa de mortes causadas por câncer aumentou/diminuiu.

3. Frequência
4. 2. the rate of change

a frequência da mudança

3. 3. a fast/slow heart rate

uma frequência cardíaca alta/baixa

Question 13

Further

Answer 13

Mais / comparativo de “far”:, mais distante, mais longe.

Definição: more or extra

Examples:

1. Don’t upset him any further.
   Não o aborreça mais.
2. To look further back in history.
   Olhar mais para trás na história.
3. I never got further than the first five pages of “Ulysses”.

Eu nunca fui mais além do que as cinco primeiras páginas do livro “Ulisses”.

Question 14

Established

Answer 14

Estabelecer / Firmar-se / Estabelecido

1. As the plants get established, they will need frequent watering.

À medida que as plantas se firmam, elas precisam de rega frequente.

2. an established Internet business

um negócio de internet estabelecido

3. a plant with well-established roots

uma planta com raízes bem estabelecidas

Question 15

Toward

Answer 15

1. para / na direção de

• We pray facing toward Mecca.
  Nós rezamos virados para Meca.

2. em relação a

concerning or about sb or sth

• his attitude toward immigrants
  sua atitude em relação a imigrantes

3. Perto de

near a time

• toward the end of the month
  perto do fim do mês

4. Para

as a way of achieving sth

• negotiations toward a better understanding

negociações para um melhor entendimento

Question 16

Doubt

Answer 16

Dúvida

Definição: (a feeling of) not being certain about something, especially about how good or true it is.

Examples:

1. I’m having doubts about his ability to do the job.

Estou tendo dúvidas sobre sua habilidade de fazer o trabalho.

2. If there’s any doubt about the rocket’s engines, we ought to cancel the launch.

Se há alguma dúvida sobre os motores do foguete, devemos cancelar o lançamento.

NO DOUBT = sem dúvida (used to emphasize that what you are saying is true or likely to happen)

We will, no doubt, discuss these issues again at the next meeting.

Nós discutiremos essas questões novamente na próxima reunião.

IN DOUBT = na dúvida

The future of the stadium is in doubt because of a lack of money.

O futuro do estádio está incerto por falta de dinheiro.

WITHOUT (A) DOUBT = sem dúvida (used to emphasize your opinion)

She is without (a) doubt the best student I have ever taught.

Ela é sem dúvida a melhor aluna que eu já ensinei.

Question 17

Rather than

Answer 17

Ao invés de

Definição: instead of; used especially when you prefer one thing to another.

Example:

1 I think I’d like to stay at home this evening rather than go out.

Acho que gostaria de ficar em casa esta noite ao invés de sair.

Question 18

Resemble

Answer 18

Parecer-se com

Definição: to look like or be like someone or something.

Examples:

1. You resemble your mother very closely.

Você se parece muito com sua mãe.

2. After the earthquake, the city resembled a battlefield.

Após o terremoto, a cidade parecia um campo de batalha.

Question 19

Fuel

Answer 19

1. Combustível

Definição: a substance that is used to provide heat or power, usually by being burned.

Examples:

• Wood, coal, oil, petrol, and gas are all different kinds of fuel.
• Plutonium is a fuel used to produce nuclear energy (O plutônio é um combustível usado para produzir energia nuclear).
• Nuclear fuel (combustível nuclear).

2. incentivo / estímulo

Definição: sth that encourages an activity.

Example:

• The incident provided the fuel for further protests (O incidente deu o incentivo para novos protestos).

3. colocar mais lenha na fogueira

Definição: to make a bad situation worse.

Example:

• The media coverage has just added fuel to the fire (A cobertura da mídia só colocou mais lenha na fogueira).

4. abastecer

Definição: to give power to sth or to put fuel into a vehicle.

Examples:

• hydrogen that can be used to fuel a hydrogen-powered car (hidrogênio que pode ser usado para abastecer um carro movido a hidrogênio).
• as they fueled up the military jets (conforme eles abasteciam os jatos militares).

5. Alimentar

Definição: to encourage an activity or feeling.

Examples:

• Rising oil prices and falling house prices fueled fears of a recession (Preços do petróleo em alta e preços de casas em queda alimentaram os medos de uma recessão).
• The money needed to fuel the rebuilding of the city (o dinheiro necessário para alimentar a reconstrução da cidade).

Question 20

Phenomenon

Answer 20

Fenômeno

Definição 1: something that exists and can be seen, felt, tasted, etc., especially something unusual or interesting.

Examples:

• Gravity is a natural phenomenon (A gravidade é um fenômeno natural).
• Do you believe in the paranormal and other psychic phenomena?
• There’s evidence to suggest that child abuse is not just a recent phenomenon.

Definição 2: someone or something that is extremely successful, often because of special qualities or abilities.

Example:

• The Beatles were a phenomenon - nobody had heard anything like them before (Os Beatles foram um fenômeno - ninguém tinha ouvido nada como eles antes).

Definição 3: an event or situation that cannot be completely explained.

Example: the phenomenon of the northern lights (o fenômeno da aurora boreal).

Definição 4: a very popular thing or person.

Example:

• She is the latest pop phenomenon (Ela é o mais recente fenômeno do pop).

Question 21

Diminish

Answer 21

Diminuir

Definição 1: to reduce or be reduced in size or importance.

Examples:

• I don’t want to diminish her achievements, but she did have a lot of help.
• These memories will not be diminished by time.
• What he did has seriously diminished him in many people’s eyes.
• We’ve seen our house diminish greatly/sharply/substantially in value over the last six months.

Definição 2: to reduce or make lessen.

Examples:

• Over time his anger diminished.
  Com o tempo, sua raiva diminuiu.

0 Time has diminished the leader’s power.
O tempo diminuiu o poder do líder.

Question 22

Crop

Answer 22

1. cultura, colheita, safra

Definição: (the total amount collected of) a plant such as a grain, fruit, or vegetable grown in large amounts.

Examples:

• The main crops grown for export are coffee and rice.

As principais culturas para exportação são café e arroz.

• A bumper (= very good) potato crop.

Uma colheita de batata muito boa

2. Papo

Definição: a part of the throat in many birds where food is stored before going into the stomach.

3. aparar / cortar curto

Definição: to cut short.

Example:

• They had cropped her hair.

Eles haviam aparado o cabelo dela.

Question 23

Susceptible

Answer 23

1. suscetível

Definição 1: easily influenced or harmed by something.

Examples:

• She isn’t very susceptible to flattery.
• These plants are particularly susceptible to frost.
• Among particularly susceptible children, the disease can develop very fast.

Definição 2: used to describe someone who is easily emotionally influenced.

Example:

• They persuade susceptible teenagers to part with their money.

Definição 3: (especially of an idea or statement) able to be understood, proved, explained, etc. in a particular way.

Examples:

• Shakespeare’s plays are susceptible to various interpretations.
• The facts are susceptible of other explanations.

Definição 4: likely to suffer from or be damaged by.

Examples:

• Babies are more susceptible to infection than adults.

Bebês são mais suscetíveis a infecções que adultos.

• A computer that is susceptible to attack from viruses.

Um computador suscetível ao ataque de vírus.

Question 24

Livestock

Answer 24

Criação de animais / animais da fazenda (gado)

Definição: animals and birds that are kept on a farm, such as cows, sheep, or chickens.

Example:

• The drought killed all their livestock.

A seca matou todos os animais deles.

Question 25

Trample

Answer 25

Pisar com força / pisar / pisotear

Definição: to step heavily on something or someone, causing damage or injury. To walk on sth and damage it.

Examples:

• Someone had trampled across the flowers.

Alguém tinha pisado nas flores.

• The crowd panicked, trampling several people.

A multidão entrou em pânico, pisoteando várias pessoas.

Question 26

Chief

Answer 26

Principal / chefe / principal

Definição 1: most important or main.

Examples:

• The chief problem we have in the area now is the spread of disease.

O principal problema que temos agora na região é a disseminação de doenças.

• The weather was our chief reason for coming here.

Definição 2: the person in charge of a group or organization, or the ruler of a tribe.

Examples:

• a police chief
• A new chief of the security forces has just been appointed.

Um novo chefe das forças de segurança acaba de ser nomeado.

Definição 3: the main or most common.

Example:

• The chief cause of divorce.

A principal causa de divórcio

Question 27

Increase

Answer 27

Aumentar / aumento / alta / crescer

Definição 1: a rise or growth in sth

Example:

• A slight increase in the minimum wage.

Um pequeno aumento no salário mínimo

Definição 2: to get or make larger.

Examples:

• Unemployment has increased by 2%.

O desemprego aumentou em 2%.

• We are trying to increase the number of members in the organization.

Estamos tentando aumentar o número de membros da organização.

• An idea that is increasing in popularity.

Uma ideia que está crescendo em popularidade.

• The increasing level/amount/number

O crescente nível / a crescente quantidade / o crescente número

Definição 3: a rise in the amount or size of something.

Exemplos:

• Price/tax increases.
• There were 39,000 new cases last year - an increase of six percent.
• Any increase in production would be helpful.

Question 28

Surround

Answer 28

rodear, cercar

Definição 1: to be everywhere around something.

Examples:

• Snow-capped mountains surround the city.

As montanhas cobertas de neve cercam a cidade.

• Gwen sat at her desk, surrounded by books and papers.
• Mystery still surrounds the exact circumstances of Stalin’s death.

Definição 2: to be or move all around sb or sth

Examples:

• His fans surrounded him.

Seus fãs o cercaram.

• Troops had surrounded the small village.

Tropas cercaram a pequena vila.

Question 29

Shrub

Answer 29

Arbusto

Definição: a large plant with a rounded shape formed from many small branches growing either directly from the ground or from a hard stem, grown in gardens.

Examples:

• She planted some roses and other flowering shrubs.

Ela plantou algumas rosas e outros arbustos floridos.

• Shrubs and other garden plants.

Arbustos e outras plantas de jardim.

Question 30

Lacking

Answer 30

Em falta, sem

Definição 1: in amounts that are too small or do not exist.

Examples:

• A community spirit is sadly lacking in this area.

Um espírito de comunidade tristemente em falta nessa região.

• A performance lacking in originality.

Uma performance sem originalidade.

Definição 2: BE LACKING

If something that you need is lacking, you do not have enough of it.

Example: Enthusiasm has been sadly lacking these past months at work.

Definição 3: BE LACKING IN (sth)

To not have a quality. Não ter algo, carecer de algo.

Example: He’s totally lacking in charm.

Ele não tem um pingo de charme.

Question 31

Sink

Answer 31

Significado 1: cair com toda a força, afundar.

Definição: to (cause something or someone to) go down below the surface or to the bottom of a liquid or soft substance.

Examples:

• The Titanic was a passenger ship which sank (to the bottom of the ocean) in 1912.

O Titanic foi um navio de passageiros que afundou no fundo do oceano em 1912.

• The legs of the garden chair sank into the soft ground.

Significado 2: Pia

Definição: a bowl that is attached to the wall in a kitchen or bathroom in which you wash dishes or your hands, etc.

Example: a bathroom/kitchen sink.

Uma pia de banheiro/cozinha

Question 32

Water table

Answer 32

Lençol freático

Definição: the level below the surface of the ground at which you start to find water.

Question 33

Drainage

Answer 33

Esgoto / drenagem

Definição 1: the system of water or waste liquids flowing away from somewhere into the ground or down pipes. The process, method or system of carrying away extra water

Example:

• drainage channels/ditches/systems.

canais/valas/sistemas de esgoto

• This plant needs drainage if planted in a pot.

Definição 2: the ability of soil to allow water to flow away.

Example: These plants need a sunny spot with good drainage.

Essas plantas precisam de um local ensolarado com boa drenagem.

Question 34

Seriousness

Answer 34

gravidade / seriedade

Definição: the state of being very bad or severe.

Example: I don’t think he has any idea of the seriousness of the situation.

Question 35

Tremendous

Answer 35

enorme / tremendo

Definição: very great in amount or level, or extremely good.

Examples:

• They were making a tremendous amount of noise last night.
• She’s been a tremendous (= very great) help to me over the last few months.
• You won? That’s tremendous!

Question 36

Enforce

Answer 36

Impor

Definição: to make certain that people follow rules.

Example:

• The police must enforce the law.

A polícia deve impor a lei.

Question 37

Courtship

Answer 37

Namorar, cortejar

Example:

1. They had a passionate courtship and a long, loving marriage.

Eles tiveram um namoro apaixonado e um casamento longo e amoroso.

Question 38

Enhance

Answer 38

melhorar, realçar, aprimorar

Definição: to improve the quality, amount, or strength of something.

Example: These scandals will not enhance the organization’s reputation.

Question 38

Interestingly

Answer 38

o que é interessante, curiosamente

Definição: used to introduce a piece of information that the speaker thinks is strange or interesting.

Example: Interestingly (enough), he never actually said that he was innocent.

Curiosamente, ele nunca disse que era inocente.

Question 39

Resemble

Answer 39

assemelhar-se, parecer-se com

Definição: to look like or be like someone or something

Examples:

1. You resemble your mother very closely.

Você se parece muito com sua mãe.

2. After the earthquake, the city resembled a battlefield.

Após o terremoto, a cidade parecia um campo de batalha.

Question 40

Feature (verb)

Answer 40

to include someone or something as an important part

apresentar (como atração importante), ser estrelado por

Examples:

The movie features James Dean as a disaffected teenager.

O filme apresenta James Dean como um adolescente insatisfeito.

2. This week’s broadcast features a report on victims of domestic violence.

It’s an Australian company whose logo features a red kangaroo.

Question 41

Feature (noun)

Answer 41

1. one of the distinct parts of sth that gives it its character

recurso [ masculine ]

característica [ feminine ]

Examples:

a. the software’s search feature
a. o recurso de busca do software

b. mountains and other geographical features
b. montanhas e outras características geográficas

2. the parts of your face
   traço [ masculine ]
   feição [ feminine ]
   [ plural ]
   her delicate features
   suas feições delicadas
3. an important article in a newspaper, magazine, etc. or an important part of a television show

coluna [ feminine ]

Example:
a. a special feature on crime on the local news.
a. uma coluna especial sobre criminalidade no noticiário local.

Question 42

Feature (verb)

Answer 42

to have as a special feature

conter

Example:

a. a soundtrack featuring 10 great jazz artists.
a. uma trilha sonora contendo 10 grandes artistas de jazz.

Question 43

Feature (quality)

Answer 43

a typical quality or an important part of something

característica, aspecto, função

Examples:

a. The town’s main features are its beautiful mosque and ancient marketplace.
a. Os principais destaques da cidade são sua bela mesquita e o antigo mercado.

b. Our latest model of phone has several new features.
b. Nosso mais recente modelo de celular tem vários recursos novos.

c. A unique feature of these rock shelters was that they were dry.
c. Uma característica exclusiva desses abrigos na rocha era que estavam secos.