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Missouri Music Test > Vocabulary > Flashcards

Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

isorhythm

A

the technique of repeating the identical rhythm for each section of a composition, while the pitches are altered;
popular in 14th century music

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2
Q

rondo

A

a musical composition during which the first part or subject is repeated several times

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3
Q

sonata form

A

exposition
development
recapulation
coda

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4
Q

lied

A

German for “song”
solo art song of the 19th Century, usually accompanied by piano

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5
Q

antiphonal singing

A

a divided choir alternately sings back and forth

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6
Q

character piece

A

a brief instrumental work seeking to capture a single mood;
favored by the Romantic Era

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7
Q

anacrusis

A

pick up note

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8
Q

theme and variations form

A

a form in which a theme is presented and then altered in some way in a succession of individual variations

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9
Q

ostinato

A

a musical phrase repeated over and over during a composition

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10
Q

fugue

A

polyphonic form popular in the Baroque Era in which one or more themes are developed by imitative counterpoint

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11
Q

flamenco

A

a vigorous rhythmic dance style of the Andalusian gypsies

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12
Q

enharmonic modulation

A

a type of modulation in which a chord resolves according to the function of its enharmonic equivalent to establish a new key

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13
Q

tertian harmony

A

harmonic system based on the third

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14
Q

heterophonic texture

A

music in which two or more versions or variations off the same melody are performed simultaneously

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15
Q

operetta

A

a short amusing opera

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16
Q

chamber music

A

music for a small instrumental ensemble with one instrument per line of music

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17
Q

hurdy gurdy

A

a barrel organ or similar musical instrument played by turning a crank

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18
Q

piano

A

a stringed instrument that is played by depressing keys that cause hammers to strike tuned strings and produce sounds

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19
Q

clavichord

A

keyboard instrument popular between the 15th - 18th centuries; the loudness, which depends on the force with which a brass blade strikes the strings, is under the direct control of the player

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20
Q

troubadour song

A

essentially monophonic;
courtly love and chivalry;
very female-empowering

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21
Q

Bach fugue

A

organ or harpsichord;
fugue in 4 voices;
exposition has 4 voice entries without gaps

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22
Q

Gregorian chant

A

a liturgical chant of the Roman Catholic church

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23
Q

meter

A

a grouping of beats into a unit of measure, usually bars

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24
Q

impresario

A

the producer, manager, or conductor of an opera or concert company

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25
Q

etude

A

an exercise in a particular point of technique

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26
Q

cadance

A

a progression of chords moving to a rest point or close

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27
Q

acoustics

A

the quality of sounds (intensity, resonance, tone, etc) produced in an enclosed space

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28
Q

acapalla

A

choral music without instrumental accompaniment;
“in the church style”

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29
Q

texture

A

the structure of a composition; the relationship between the parts of a piece

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30
Q

harmony

A

the simultaneous structure, progression and relationship of chords

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31
Q

rhythm

A

a regular, specific pattern of notes of different length and emphasis

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32
Q

pitch

A

the high or low-frequency vibration of a tone in a series of sounds

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33
Q

melody

A

a rhythmic sequence of related notes in a particular structure

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34
Q

shared theme

A

connect diverse elements into an intricate mosaic that touches people, everywhere, in every culture and every age

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35
Q

broad theme

A

supported by specific examples of feelings, situations, and characters that affect cultures, countries and governments

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36
Q

timely theme

A

feelings, situations and characters that people have experienced throughout recorded history

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37
Q

universal theme

A

encompass feelings, situations, and characters that all people everywhere experience

38
Q

contour

A

a distinctive pattern of change in pitch, stress, or tone extending across all or part of an utterance, especially a sentence, and contributing to meaning

39
Q

augmentation

A

modification of a theme by increasing the time value of all its notes

40
Q

syncopation

A

a shifting of the normal accents that usually results in stressing normally unaccented beats

41
Q

circle of 5th’s sequence

A

a harmonic sequence that is very important in tonal music

42
Q

real / modulating sequence

A

transposes the pattern into a different key

43
Q

diatonic sequence

A

keeps the pattern within a single key

44
Q

sequence

A

a pattern that is repeated immediately in the same voice but beginning on a different pitch class

45
Q

counterpoint

A

the combining of relatively independent musical lines

46
Q

voice leading / part writing

A

the manipulation of the motions of individual music lines

47
Q

lead sheet symbols

A

used in jazz and most popular music to indicate chords to be played under a given melody

48
Q

time signature

A

a symbol that tells the performer the beat and meter types and what note value will represent the beat

49
Q

compound beat

A

beats in any meter divided into 3 equal parts

50
Q

simple beat

A

beats in any meter divided into 2 equal parts

51
Q

metronome marking

A

the specific tempo set to a piece of music

52
Q

tempo

A

the rate at which the beats occur

53
Q

rhythm

A

the time aspect of music as contrasted with the pitch aspect

54
Q

transpose

A

to play music in another key

55
Q

simple interval

A

interval smaller than an octave

56
Q

diminished interval

A

when you lower a perfect interval a half step

57
Q

augmented interval

A

when you raise a perfect interval a half step

58
Q

perfect interval

A

intervals that do not have separate major or minor states (4th, 5th & octaves)

59
Q

minor interval

A

when you flatten a note

60
Q

major interval

A

the natural state of an interval

61
Q

root

A

the lowest note of an interval, chord, or scale

62
Q

accidental

A

any modifications to a natural note (sharps & flats)

63
Q

enharmonic notes

A

two notes that sound the same but can be spelled differently

64
Q

grand staff

A

links together the treble clef and bass clef

65
Q

clef

A

a graphical symbol placed at the beginning of a staff or piece of music that established the pitch of a specific line or space on the staff

66
Q

ledger lines

A

the lines you add above or below a staff

67
Q

solfeggio

A

a method of naming musical tones using a set of symbols

68
Q

interval

A

the space between two pitches

69
Q

microtonal music

A

musical interval smaller than a semitone, prevalent in some non-western music and some 20th Century art music

70
Q

beat

A

to count a unit of rhythm or time with respect to accent

71
Q

relative keys

A

when major and minor keys share the same key signature

72
Q

dynamics

A

the variation in force or intensity (the softness or loudness) of a sound

73
Q

figured bass

A

a method of abbreviated notation used in the Baroque Era

74
Q

frequency

A

a measurement of how fast air molecules are vibrating

75
Q

hemiola

A

a rhythmic pattern of syncopated beats with two beats in the time of three or three beats in the time of two

76
Q

quadruple meter

A

beats grouped in 4’s

77
Q

triple meter

A

beats grouped in 3’s

78
Q

duple meter

A

beats grouped in 2’s

79
Q

harmonic interval

A

notes performed at the same time

80
Q

consonant

A

a sound that is pleasing to the ear

81
Q

heterophony

A

simultaneous playing or singing of 2 or more versions of the melody

82
Q

homophony

A

melodic line with an accompanying harmony

83
Q

polyphony

A

separate melodic lines

84
Q

monophony

A

only one melodic line

85
Q

allegro

A

tempo 120 - 168 bpm

86
Q

obbligato

A

a part of a section must be played or omitted, depending on the historical context of the music

87
Q

pre-dominant function

A

serves as the move away from the foundational tonic and as a preparation for dominant chords

88
Q

arpeggio

A

a common accompanying pattern in which chords are played note-by-note successively instead of simultaneously

89
Q

internal expansion

A

notes that are added to the middle of a melody

90
Q

imitative polyphony

A

polyphony based on the same thematic material

91
Q

march

A

has lively, “up-beat” accompaniment;
written in 2/4 time;
independent bass line

92
Q

harmonic series

A

overtones
octave - 5 - 4

Missouri Music Test (7 decks)

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