Vocabulary 4 Flashcards
(600 cards)
1
Q
contact
A
talk to
2
Q
varied interests
A
different hobbies
3
Q
passionate about
A
care a lot about
4
Q
board games
A
Monopoly, Risk, etc.
5
Q
locate
A
find
6
Q
as a result of a shared affinity
A
because of the same interest
7
Q
stay in contact and sustain a potentially rewarding intellectual friendship
A
talk to each other and possibly keep up a relationship based around ideas and talking
8
Q
Nonetheless
A
regardless
9
Q
truly meaningful friendship when meeting face to face
A
actually important relationship as you talk in person
10
Q
Research has shown that
A
studies indicate that
11
Q
body produces endorphins
A
makes you feel good and happy
12
Q
elevate one’s mood through touch and in-person conversation
A
lift your spirits by touching people and talking in person
13
Q
signs
A
signals, clues
14
Q
tremendous value
A
real importance
15
Q
based around physical proximity
A
being near a person in the real world
16
Q
benefits
A
advantages
17
Q
extend to
A
include
18
Q
body language
A
eye contact, moving your hands, touch
19
Q
eye contact
A
looking in someone’s eyes
20
Q
physical contact
A
touching
21
Q
features
A
benefits
22
Q
intrinsic value
A
real importance
23
Q
assign to quality friendships
A
consider part of a good relationship
24
Q
completely lacking in superficial online friendships
A
not present when talking on the internet
25
ultimately
in the end
26
waste of one’s valuable time and energy
inefficient
27
affords the average person a number of conveniences
allows people to live easier
28
enhance
make better
29
indeed far greater value in connecting with
actually more importance in reaching out to
30
Few would dispute this claim even as
not many would argue this point
31
increasingly situated in online contexts
more and more on the internet
32
Poverty remains a pressing issue
not having money is a big problem
33
one proposed solution is
one remedy is
34
provision
plan
35
aiming to equip individuals with essential literacy
trying to help people read and write
36
numeracy skills
math
37
approach
way
38
crucial step towards poverty reduction
key way to get rid of poverty
39
standalone solution
remedy all on its own
40
Equally essential
just as important
41
adequate infrastructure
good enough buildings
42
trained teachers
good teachers
43
quality educational resources
good schools, whiteboards, etc.
44
Merely
just
45
ensuring its quality may result in a system
making sure of how good it is can cause a pattern
46
fails to deliver the desired outcomes
doesn’t work out in the end
47
focus on holistic educational reforms
try to do more overall fixes
48
teacher training programs
ways to teach teachers
49
school infrastructure development
making school buildings and facilities better
50
curriculum enhancements
learning about better things
51
maximize the impact of
be more efficient
52
alongside the introduction of
with the advent of
53
invested in
put money into
54
leading to enhanced learning outcomes
causing better progress
55
noticeably higher student retention rates
clearly more students staying in school
56
significantly increased access to
a lot more growth in getting
57
marginalized communities
poorer parts of society
58
low-income backgrounds
poorer people
59
Financial barriers
not enough money
60
attending
going to
61
perpetuating the cycle of poverty
people staying poor long-term
62
eliminating tuition fees
not charging money for school
63
remove one of the major obstacles to education
get rid of a challenge to learning
64
implementation
put in place
65
school enrollment rates
how many people go to school
66
disadvantaged communities
poorer groups
67
encouraging
fostering
68
escape unfair conditions
get out of difficult places
69
pursue better futures through improved employability
have better lives by getting better jobs
70
inclusivity
open-minded
71
bridge social and economic gaps
lessen differences in society
72
fostering a more equitable society
make people more equal
73
strongly
a lot
74
offering
giving
75
powerful tool for overcoming poverty
way to help poor people make money
76
By prioritizing
making important
77
implementing necessary reforms
putting in place important changes
78
empower
encourage
79
reduce poverty levels in the long-term
fewer poor people over time
80
It has become increasingly common today for
more and more people do this now
81
in past generations
before
82
Although
despite, however
83
point out
argue
84
ageing populations hinder a nation economically
older demographics in a country hurt it in terms of finances
85
argue
contend
86
benefits for society as a whole overshadow
positives for everyone are stronger than
87
perceived drawbacks
what people think are the bad parts
88
fixate on
focus on
89
negatives associated with an ageing population
bad parts related to having too many old people
90
take into account
consider
91
plan accordingly
anticipate as a result
92
famously old population
everyone knows there are lots of old people
93
make budgetary allowances
save money
94
healthcare
hospitals
95
shortages in the labor force
not enough workers
96
overcome a shrinking consumer market
recover from not having shoppers
97
spend freely
use money without thinking much
98
This same situation applies to varying degrees
true somewhat in other places
99
in nearly every country around the world
in almost everywhere in the world
100
at different moments in their history
throughout time
101
economic effect
financial impact
102
value
importance
103
economic effects
around the world
104
progressive
liberal, want to move forward
105
push society forward
advance society
106
serve as a stabilizing ballast
keep society from moving too fast
107
keeps forward momentum from becoming too chaotic
stops it from going too quickly
108
This can take the form of
one way this exists is
109
broadly across the entire political spectrum of a country
generally over the social aspects of a nation
110
conservatism
not progressive
111
limiting
keeping back
112
at first
initially
113
admit
concede
114
influence
effect
115
wiser family members
smarter people in a family
116
generally positive on an individual and societal level
overall good for people
117
despite the economic repercussions of
regardless of the effects on finances
118
population demographics
how many people are in a country
119
less tangible benefits
not concrete
120
Naturally
of course
121
legitimate downsides
real bad effects
122
collectively managed by
altogether supervised by
123
alike
both
124
In recent years
recently
125
it has become increasingly common for
it happens more and more
126
less connected with their immediate neighbors
not as close with the people living next to them
127
largely a result of
mostly caused by
128
more insular society
people being alone
129
somewhat alleviated through initiatives that encourage more community interaction
fixed a bit by measures like helping people meet up in the neighborhood
130
The main reason that
the cause of this is
131
physically isolated
alone
132
In past generations
earlier
133
in the habit of going outside
usually go outdoors
134
nearby
next to there
135
the average person to
a normal resident
136
variety of activities online
many types of things you do on a computer
137
occupy the vast majority of
take up most of
138
no longer a need to interact with
don’t have to talk to
139
out of boredom
feeling tedious
140
a feeling of connection
linked together
141
This modern tendency can be countered by
this new trend can be fixed by
142
communal activities
doing things together with people
143
no reversing technological advancement
not turning back the use of tech
144
countered through proactive measures
fixed by strong counter-actions
145
An example of this would be
one instance of this would be
146
local government organizing a festival or musical performance in a park
authorities can put on shows
147
form connections
have relationships
148
thereafter remain in contact as either casual acquaintances or actual friends
thus stay together as friends
149
unwilling
don’t want to do
150
undertake
do
151
local citizens can also organize various events
residents can do it themselves
152
The result over time will be a gradual thawing of relations between neighbors
what happens will be people getting closer slowly
153
leads to less interaction with one’s neighbors
causes people to communicate less
154
phenomenon
circumstance
155
mitigated
hindered
156
community events
things going on in your neighborhood
157
fractured
disconnected
158
alienating
alone
159
social media has an overall negative impact on both the average person
websites like Facebook hurt most people generally
160
161
162
163
society more generally
all people in a country
164
I am in complete agreement with this opinion
I agree 100%
165
likely to suffer from
probably will be hurt by
166
unhealthy addiction
not a good habit
167
cause fractures
separate people
168
The most obvious effect of
clearest result is
169
mental health
emotional stability
170
varying degrees addicted to
different amounts can’t stop using
171
small dopamine bursts
little bits of pleasure
172
scrolling through their feed
looking through social media
173
feeling outraged at posts
be angry about social media
174
receiving likes
getting thumbs up / love on a post
175
making positive or negative comments
writing good and bad comments
176
gain satisfaction through a different route
feel good in a different way
177
self-esteem boosts
feeling good about yourself
178
unhealthy relative to achieving something in the real world
not good for you compared to doing things in real life
179
In some cases
sometimes
180
retreat from
stop using
181
in favor of a virtual one
caring more about online life
182
stakes are considerably lower
situations is less risky
183
interaction
talking to people
184
safely one-sided
not interacting
185
Additionally
also
186
drawbacks
downsides
187
evident throughout
clear the whole time
188
numerous small groups and communities
many online clubs
189
encourage anti-social impulses
promote being alone
190
conspiracy theories online on a daily basis
crazy ideas every day
191
Over time
as time goes on
192
feel isolated from mainstream society
not feel part of the public discourse
193
appear during real-world events such as
happen in real-life examples including
194
January 6 insurrection
protest in the United States
195
Occupy Wall Street movement
another protest in the United States
196
actions
steps taken
197
interpreted as protests
seen as freedom of speech
198
viewpoints
opinions
199
expressed
said
200
too extreme to lead to defensible
too strong to result in good
201
pragmatic reform
practical change
202
overwhelming negative for
clearly bad for
203
normal citizens
average people
204
entirety of
all of
205
averse to regulation
not interested in making laws
206
abandon these platforms
stop using social media
207
In recent decades
the last 20 or 30 years
208
there has been considerable debate about whether or not
lots of conflict concerning
209
achievement
how much you get done
210
greater
more than
211
egalitarian
equal
212
more hierarchical societies
countries with clear classes
213
despite the benefits of egalitarianism as a political principle
regardless of the advantages of equal rights
214
should not be pursued as a social ideal
is not a desirable way to live
215
The most well-known examples of this are in socialist nations
best instances exist in more equal countries
216
income disparity
differences in how much people earn
217
less pronounced than in more capitalist countries
not as different as in more market-oriented nations
218
liberal
socialist, more open and free
219
receive
get
220
secure stable employment
have a good job
221
receive unemployment benefits in the case of an economic downturn
get money from the government when the economy is not doing well
222
support the rest of society by paying high taxes
help everyone by paying some of your salary to the government
223
motivation
encouragement
224
perform well
do well
225
pursue life goals
seek out achievements in life
226
This is especially the case as
particularly the true because
227
anxious
nervous
228
possibility
chance
229
opportunity
chance
230
left behind by society at large
not keeping up with the rest of the public
231
contend
argue
232
conditions
situations
233
generally equal
mostly the same
234
permitted to compete without considerable governmental regulation
allowed to do what they want without interference
235
The standout example for this situation would be
best instance of this is
236
related to income inequality
concerning people not being equal
237
innovation across a variety of sectors
new ideas in many industries
238
One cause of this is that
one source is
239
desire
what you want
240
excel
do well
241
earn the financial rewards
make money
242
accompany success
along with success
243
attain their own definition of success
achieve what they want
244
on the fringes of society
nearly outside of society
245
cruel element to competition
mean part of fighting with others
246
society as a whole
all of society, the public
247
Naturally
of course
248
approach
way
249
systemic problems
issues from history
250
discrimination
prejudice
251
first
before this
252
eliminated
gotten rid of
253
argued for the importance of
are in favor of
254
greater responsibility in the home
more duty in one’s house
255
I am generally in agreement with this position
I agree mostly with the opinion that
256
naturally
of course
257
taken to extremes
pursued in a strong way
258
Critics
those against it
259
approach maintain
way argue
260
overburden
put too much pressure on
261
under immense pressure at school to perform well academically
have lots of stress to do well in their classes
262
late afternoon
around 3 – 5pm
263
take additional classes
sign up for more courses
264
each night
every night
265
tasked with
are assigned
266
complete all their responsibilities
finish their work
267
rest
relaxing
268
increased responsibility encourages greater maturity and self-reliance
more duty motivates them to be more responsible
269
ensure
make sure of
270
takes part in
engages in
271
afterwards
after that
272
how to run a household
how to take care of your place
273
overly protective of
looking too much after
274
instill traits related to independence
sculpt kids to be self-reliant
275
attends
goes to
276
without a variety of life skills
not having lots of abilities like cooking, cleaning, etc.
277
maturity
how old you are emotionally
278
looking after themselves
taking care of themselves
279
likely struggle to adjust
probably have difficulty adapting
280
may be viewed as childish by their peers
might seem immature by other classmates
281
logical limits
rational levels
282
advisable approach overall
good idea in general
283
sense of responsibility
feeling of duty
284
later in life justify any potential fatigue
after that make it worth it to be tired
285
Around the world
globally
286
traditional festivals
cultural celebrations
287
at risk of becoming outdated and irrelevant
might start to be forgotten
288
contributes
adds to
289
issues concerning cultural disintegration
people working together with the state
290
resulting from abandoning traditional festivals concern culture
caused by not celebrating older festivals relate to tradition
291
commercial holidays
festivals mainly concerned with making money
292
Black Friday
the day after Thanksgiving when there are many sales
293
Christmas
the holiday about the birth of Jesus
294
naturally threatens smaller cultural groups
of course cause problems for minorities
295
numerous ethnic groups living in remote areas
smaller cultural groups in less populated areas
296
struggle
have difficulty
297
preserve
keep alive
298
outside world
the rest of the world
299
leave their hometowns
move away
300
As these groups disperse further both physically and virtually
when these peoples move to new places or learn more about the world
301
persist
continue
302
impact
effect
303
hand down through generations
teach their children, grandchildren
304
traditional dishes
older cuisines
305
aspects of culture
related to culture
306
optimal remedies
best fixes
307
weakening
not getting stronger
308
actively encourage traditional festivals
go out of their way to help older celebrations
309
make the greatest difference
have the biggest impact
310
fund organizations
give money to groups
311
aim
try to
312
promote
encourage
313
staging local events
putting on celebrations
314
reaching out to older members of the community
talking to one’s elders
315
likewise attempt to engage more with their roots
similarly try to learn more about tradition
316
connect with the sources of
get back into contact with the origins of
317
to some extent already
to a degree
318
advertised
marketed
319
social media
Facebook, Instagram, etc.
320
bring in a wider audience and greater attention
make more people notice it
321
loss
disappearance
322
boon
good for
323
globalization
everyone around the world connecting
324
injures the cultural identity of various groups
harms how groups of people see themselves
325
confronted by
fought by
326
initiatives
efforts
327
There is a common perception today that
many think now
328
generally angrier
more outrage overall
329
in the past
before
330
fundamentally negative psychological phenomenon exacerbated by modern technology
basically bad human trait made worse by technology today
331
main reason
biggest cause of
332
higher levels of
more of it
333
vulnerable
weak when it comes to
334
pleasure
feeling good
335
naturally attracted to
of course susceptible to
336
produce the release of certain endorphins
happy feelings in the brain
337
positive outlets
good expressions of
338
harmful
hurt
339
abusing narcotic stimulants
using drugs
340
added benefit
another positive
341
self-esteem boost
feel better about yourself
342
The narcotic-like effects of outrage over time become addictive, especially in the current technological age
the drug addiction coming from feeling angry is hard to resist especially because of smartphones, social media, etc.
343
read stories that provoke anger
follow news that is upsetting
344
scroll through social media
look through Facebook, Instagram, etc.
345
engage in so-called “hate watching” of popular pundits on television espousing extreme views
watch shows you dislike with commentators saying strong opinions
346
addictive pastimes
activities you can’t stop doing
347
available on mobile devices
can be used on phones
348
creating an environment where access to outrage
making an atmosphere where people get angry easily
349
too readily accessible to be ignored
too easy to get
350
endangers
risks
351
understand each other
communicate with others
352
work towards shared goals
accomplish things together
353
pursue outrage as an end in itself
try to make yourself angry
354
no longer communicating honestly
not having honest conversations
355
online trolls post and engage with other users mainly to provoke and feel outrage themselves
people online make others and themselves angry
356
little concern for truth and honest debate
not caring about real conversations
357
creates an atmosphere wherein
make an atmosphere in which
358
increasingly distrustful and alienated from one another
more and more unreliable and people get further way from each other
359
In order for a person to change their views
so a person changes their mind
360
actual progress
real development
361
listen to and understand the arguments of the other side
communicate with others honestly and feel empathy
362
feel some degree of commonality
feel close to others
363
if neither side is engaging in good-faith conversations
neither one is interested in having a real talk
364
unproductive outcome
nothing will come of it
365
merely
simply
366
feel more and more outraged and accomplish less and less
get angrier and angrier and get less done
367
seeking outrage
trying to make yourself angry
368
fundamentally human
basic part of human nature
369
leads to a breakdown in social cohesion
people don’t get along any more
370
cultivate healthier habits
live better
371
abstain from easy
stay away from simple
372
pleasurable feelings of outrage
happy feelings of anger
373
growing tendency for
more and more likely to
374
move away from
leave home, go to a new place
375
decidedly negative phenomenon
definitely bad
376
perceived downsides
bad parts people claim
377
related to
concerning
378
social disintegration
bonds between people weakening
379
overstated
made too strong
380
supersede
stronger than
381
living apart from
not living together with
382
weakens social bonds
not as close to friends and family
383
close group
tight-knit
384
preparing meals
making food
385
naturally
of course
386
generally being together
overall spending time in each other’s company
387
inverse
opposite
388
time apart
not staying together
389
typically leads to
usually causes
390
tenuous emotional connections
weak links
391
stay in touch
talk to
392
former connections
people they knew before
393
formality
only for appearances
394
over time
for a period of time
395
struggle
have trouble with
396
maintain long-term relationships
keep up friendships
397
a catalyst for
results in
398
individual growth
people getting better
399
encounter
be in contact with
400
different backgrounds
from other social classes, groups, etc.
401
greater number of viewpoints and experiences
more opinions and life experiences
402
interacting with
talking to
403
broader range
more variety
404
interests
what you like to do
405
keener understanding
better knowledge about
406
hometowns
where you are from
407
escape toxic situations
get out of bad relationships
408
controlling
always in charge
409
limiting
not allowing to grow
410
intentionally
on purpose
411
unintentionally
not on purpose
412
location
place
413
break old patterns of behavior
not keep repeating past mistakes
414
achieve better mental health
be healthier emotionally
415
despite
regardless of
416
threat of weakened familial
possibility of worse connections
417
friendship bonds
friends together
418
significant benefits
real advantages
419
balance
keep equal
420
not inherently objectionable
not intrinsically bad
421
weddings
big parties to celebrate getting married
422
expensive
cost a lot of money
423
larger
bigger
424
in recent decades
the last 20 or 30 years or so
425
natural progression
normal development
426
positive
good
427
vast majority of contexts
many different situations
428
explanation
reason
429
lavish
very expensive and large
430
increasingly higher expectations
wanting more
431
coupled with
combined with
432
burgeoning global middle class
more people with money
433
natural desire
normal feeling
434
strive
try hard for
435
surpass previous standards
exceed past achievements
436
attended
went to
437
naturally attempt
of course try
438
exceed
do better than
439
experienced
went to
440
in terms of
concerning
441
expense
money
442
propensity
tendency
443
exceed past achievements
do better than in the past
444
combined with
coupled with
445
increased disposable income
more money to spend
446
economies
money earned and spent in a country
447
particularly in
especially in
448
developing nations
less wealthy countries
449
risen dramatically recently
gone up a lot
450
enabling
allowing for
451
spend
use money
452
variety
different types
453
luxuries
items you don’t need
454
memorable wedding parties
big weddings
455
due to
because of
456
average person
normal citizen
457
admittedly
it must be admitted
458
excessive spending
not spending too much
459
in any area
in any respect
460
greatly exceeds
a lot more than
461
earnings
wages
462
assuming
if it’s true that
463
hinder
hold back
464
financially
related to money
465
massive positive
really goof
466
bride
woman getting married
467
groom
man getting married
468
attendees
people going to
469
beyond
past
470
consider
think about
471
meaningful
important
472
enduring
lasting
473
bursts
sudden jolts
474
produced by
created by
475
in the aggregate
combined
476
wide range of
different types of
477
expenses
money to be spent
478
prioritize
consider more important
479
costlier
costs more money
480
raised expectations
higher hopes
481
largely positive
mostly good
482
given the
considering that
483
nonetheless
regardless
484
essential
crucial
485
extreme excesses beyond one’s means
spending a lot more than one can afford
486
certain nations
some countries
487
interests
what is good for someone
488
elderly people
old people, over 60+
489
prioritized over
more important than
490
younger generations
people who are not old, under 60
491
although
despite
492
economic reasons
good for the economy
493
valuing
considering important
494
older population
people who are not young, how many old people
495
revealing commitment
important responsibility
496
human dignity
how people think of themselves
497
argue
think
498
form
make up
499
economic base
financial backbone
500
There is little doubt that
it can’t be questioned that
501
majority
most of
502
workforces globally
employed people around the world
503
comprised of
made up of
504
middle-aged citizens
people around 40
505
average working age
how old most working people are
506
nearly all industries
most fields
507
energy
stamina
508
passion
motivation
509
motivation
interest in
510
achieve
do something
511
for the good of society
for all people
512
establish
make sure of
513
a higher standard of living
better quality of life
514
families
kids
515
It is therefore logical that
thus
516
ensure
make sure of
517
ample access
can get to
518
resources needed
stuff they need
519
contributing members of society
functioning parts of the public
520
contribute the most
add a lot
521
in all likelihood
probably
522
human progress
civilization
523
simply utilitarian benefits
just what someone gets from it
524
In the past
before
525
necessary
needed
526
human civilization
the progress of mankind
527
cruelly neglect
in a mean way ignore
528
fighting wars
battling
529
resources were scarce
not enough to go around
530
no longer the situation
not true now
531
even developing ones
poorer countries
532
afford
can pay for
533
provide healthcare
give medical treatment to
534
some degree of
an amount of
535
retirement support
pensions, etc.
536
undertaking
doing
537
kindness
kind acts
538
distinguish
differentiate
539
clearly
obviously
540
basest
lowest
541
animalistic instincts
drives like animals
542
surest sign
best example
543
evolved species
higher life form
544
culturally
in terms of art and culture
545
socially
in terms of interacting
546
547
emotionally
in terms of feelings and emotions
548
trumps
is stronger than
549
materialistic concerns
only worried about money
550
related to
concerning
551
growing already mature economies
helping something that is already doing well
552
utilitarian reasons
just for what you get out of it
553
support youth movements
aid young people
554
principled
has good reasons behind it
555
widespread
common
556
standards of living
how well people live, quality of life
557
primarily urban residents
mostly people living in cities
558
countryside
rural areas, outside cities
559
benefit
aid
560
lead to opposite problems
create inverse issues
561
related to
concerning
562
population density
how many people in an area
563
best mitigated
best dealt with
564
governmental action
nations taking steps
565
inequality
not being equal
566
in terms of standard of living
when it comes to quality of life
567
engenders
creates
568
rural regions
the countryside
569
over-populated
too many people living there
570
century
100 years
571
offer
allow for
572
wider range
more kinds of
573
educational
related to learning
574
occupational
related to work
575
recreational options
related to free time
576
elevated population density
more people living there
577
higher standard of living generally
living better overall
578
overcome
stronger than
579
concomitant
related, caused by
580
traffic
cars and bikes
581
less sanitary conditions
not clean
582
higher crime rates
more crime
583
inverse
opposite
584
exists outside cities
is in the countryside
585
locals struggle
people living there have a tough time
586
earn a living
make money
587
countered by
fixed by
588
sparsely populated towns and villages
towns and villages with low population density
589
authorities
people in charge
590
various initiatives
different efforts
591
implemented
put into place
592
one real-world example of this would be
an actual instance is
593
in recent years
recently
594
addressed dwindling population numbers
deal with fewer people there
595
auctioning off
selling
596
cheaply
not expensively
597
prospective home-owners
people who want to own homes
598
agree
feel the same way
599
another possible measure would be for
a different fix is
600
invest
put money into
