Vocabulary #5 | 5 Flashcards
(47 cards)
Intensive Farming
An agricultural practice that using high levels of inputs like labor, fertilizers, irrigation, and other technologies, essentially produces a large amount of food from a relatively small space.
Extensive Farming
An agricultural practice that utilizes large areas of land with relatively low inputs of labor and capital per unit area, often relying on natural conditions and producing lower yields, typically found in regions with abundant land but limited resources.
Market Gardening
The small scale production of fruits, vegetables, and flowers as cash crops sold directly to local consumers. Distinguishable by the large diversity of crops grown on a small area of land, during a single growing season.
Plantation Agriculture
A large-scale commercial farming practice where a single crop, usually a cash crop, is grown on a vast area of land for export to markets. Characterized by intensive labor and located in tropical or subtropical climates.
Mixed Crop / Livestock
An agricultural system where farmers raise both crops and livestock on the same land.
Shifting Cultivation
An agricultural practice where farmers clear a plot of land, grow crops for a few years, and then move to a new area, allowing the previously used land to regenerate.
Nomadic Herding
A type of extensive agriculture where people move their livestock herds across large areas of land in search of fresh pastures to graze on, constantly relocating to follow the best grazing conditions, often with no fixed settlements.
Herding
A type of commercial farming where livestock, usually cattle, are allowed to roam over a large, established area of land, typically in semi-arid regions, while the farmers remain settled, raising animals for meat production through grazing on natural pasture.
Clustered Settlement
Settlements where a number of families live in close proximity to each other with fields surrounding the collection of houses and farm buildings.
Dispersed Settlement
Settlements where farmers are living on individual farms isolated from neighbors rather than alongside other farmers.
Linear Settlement
Communities that are organized in a long, narrow pattern along a transportation route, river, or other linear feature.
Metes & Bounds
Method of describing land boundaries by using natural features like rivers, roads, or man-made markers like stakes. (“Metes” represent measured distances between points, while “bounds” refer to identifiable features like a river or road that mark the property line.)
Township & Range
A system of land surveying that divides land into a grid-like pattern using square blocks called townships, which are further divided into smaller sections called ranges.
Long Lot
A land division method that emerged in French colonial territories, where land was divided into narrow strips that extended from rivers or roads, maximizing access to water resources and facilitating transportation.
Hearth (ag.)
Areas from where the origins of agricultural ideas and innovation began and spread.
Fertile Cresent
Area located in the crescent-shaped zone near the southeastern Mediterranean coast (including Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, and Turkey), which was once a lush environment and one of the first hearths of domestication and thus agricultural activity.
Columbian Exchange
The term given to the transfer of plants, animals, disease, and technology between the Old World from which Columbus came and the New World which he “found”.
Second Agricultural Revolution
A period of significant advancements in agricultural technology, primarily driven by mechanization during the Industrial Revolution, which led to increased crop yields and contributed to rapid population growth, largely occurring in the 18th century.
Green Revolution
The development of higher-yield and fast-growing crops through increased technology, pesticides, and fertilizers transferred from the developed to developing world to alleviate the problem of food supply in those regions of the globe. Between the 1940s and late 1960s.
High-Yield Seeds
Genetically modified seeds bred to produce a significantly larger quantity of crops per unit of land, often associated with the Green Revolution.
Subsistence Agriculture
Farming practice where farmers produce food primarily for their own consumption, focusing on growing enough to survive rather than generating a surplus to sell on the market. Typically found in less developed countries and involves small-scale farming with minimal reliance on machinery and more human labor.
Commercial Agriculture
A type of farming where the primary goal is to produce crops and livestock for sale on the market to generate profit, rather than solely for the farmer’s own consumption. It typically involves large-scale production and often utilizes advanced technology and machinery to maximize yield.
Monocropping
The agricultural practice of growing a single crop species over a large area year after year on the same land, essentially specializing in one type of crop to maximize production and profit.
Bid Rent Theory
A geographical economic theory that refers to how the price and demand for real estate change as the distance from the central business district (CBD) increases.
