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A&P Final > Vocabulary > Flashcards

Vocabulary Flashcards

(79 cards)

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1
Q

Reflex

A

A rapid, automatic response to a stimulus

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2
Q

Efferent Nerve Fibers

A

Also described as motor nerve fibers, carry impulses away from CNS

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3
Q

Afferent nerves

A

Nerves that carry impulses toward CNS

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4
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

Responsible for myelination of nerve fibers in the CNS

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5
Q

Schwann Cells

A

Responsible for myelination of nerve axons in the PNS

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6
Q

Axon

A

Part of neuron that conducts impulses away from cell body

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7
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

Substances released at axon terminals to propagate a nervous impulse

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8
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Part of the brain that is the main visceral control center of the body, including body temperature and sleep-waking cycle

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9
Q

Cerebellum

A

Part of the brain that is responsible for smooth, coordinated movements

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10
Q

Arbor vitae

A

White matter in the cerebrum looks like a tree

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11
Q

Sulcus

A

Shallow groove on the surface of the cortex

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12
Q

Gyrus

A

A ridge on the surface of the cortex

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13
Q

Syncope

A

Brief loss of consciousness

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14
Q

Sleep apnea

A

Temporary cessation of breathing during sleep

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15
Q

Memory

A

The storage and retrieval of information

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16
Q

Sympathetic divison

A

Know as the “Flight or Flight” system

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17
Q

Parasympathetic division

A

Known as the “rest and digest” system

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18
Q

Vitreous humor

A

Clear gel that fills the posterior segment of the eye

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19
Q

Fovea centralis

A

Area of greatest visual acuity, contains only cones

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20
Q

Rods

A

Dim-light and peripheral vision receptors

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21
Q

Cones

A

Bright light and high-resolution color vision receptors

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22
Q

Otoliths

A

Ear stones, help monitor equilibrium

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23
Q

Taste buds

A

Sensory organs for taste

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24
Q

Oxytocin

A

Strong stimulant of uterine contractions

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25
Antidiuretic hormone
Promotes reabsorption of water from kidney tubules
26
Growth hormone
Tissue building hormone that promotes growth
27
Follicle-stimulating hormone
Stimulates production of gametes
28
Prolactin
Stimulates milk production
29
Thyroid hormone
Made of two iodine-containing hormones
30
Leptin
Secreted by adipocytes, suppresses appetite
31
Erythropoietin
Stimulates production of red blood cells
32
Glucagon
The effect is to raise blood glucose levels
33
Insulin
Effect is to lower blood glucose levels
34
Erythrocyte
Transports carbon dioxide and oxygen
35
Basophil
Has dark straining granules,releases histamine & heparin
36
Monocyte
Largest WBC, crucial in defense against viruses
37
Fibrinogen
Forms the structural framework of a blood clot
38
Albumin
Major contributor to plasma osmotic pressure
39
Hemoglobin
A protein that binds easily and reversibly to oxygen
40
Leukemia
A cancerous condition involving white blood cells
41
Anemia
Condition in which blood has low O2 carrying capacity
42
Hemoglobin F
A special type of hemoglobin in fetal red blood cells
43
Endocardium
Inner lining of the heart
44
Mitral Valve
AV valve with two flaps
45
Myocardium
Heart muscle
46
Tachycardia
Abnormally fast heart rate
47
Ischemia
Heart muscle is deprived of oxygen
48
Spleen
Largest lymphoid organ, RBC 'graveyard'
49
Cytotoxic T cells
Kills cancer and virus-infected body cells
50
B cells
Forms antibody-producing cells
51
IgG
Antibody that can cross placental barrier and mother's milk
52
Pathogens
Harmful or disease-causing microorganisms
53
Nasal septum
Divides the nasal cavity
54
Oropharynx
Common passageway for food and air
55
Epiglottis
A flap that closes trachea during swallowing
56
Glottis
Collective name for vocal folds and medial opening
57
Tidal Volume
Amount of air exchanged during normal breathing
58
Peristalsis
Wavelike smooth muscle contractions
59
Lingual frenulum
Fold of mucosa that secures tongue to floor of mouth
60
Bolus
Compact mass of chewed food mixed with saliva
61
Halitosis
Clinical term for bad breath
62
Rennin
Enzyme that coagulates milk protein
63
Acrosome
contain digestive enzymes that break down the outer membrane of the ovum allowing haploid cells to combine
64
Areola
lightly pigmented area around each nipple
65
Autosomes
any chromosome that's not a sex chromosome
66
Corpus luteum
a hormone-secreting structure that develops in an ovary after an ovum has been discharged but degenerates after a few days unless pregnancy has begun
67
Ductus deferens
tiny muscular tube in the male reproductive system that carries sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct
68
Epididymis
a highly convoluted duct behind the testis, along which sperm passes to the vas deferens.
69
Gametes
a mature haploid male or female germ cell
70
Glycogen
a substance deposited in bodily tissues as a store of carbohydrates. It is a polysaccharide that forms glucose on hydrolysis
71
IgE
antibodies produced by the immune system. If you have an allergy, your immune system overreacts to an allergen by producing antibodies called Immunoglobulin E
72
Lymph
a colorless fluid containing white blood cells, that bathes the tissues and drains through the lymphatic system into the bloodstream.
73
Peyer's patches
are small masses of lymphatic tissue found throughout the ileum region of the small intestine
74
Platelets
a small colorless disk-shaped cell fragment without a nucleus, found in large numbers in blood and involved in clotting
75
Residual volume
the volume of air still remaining in the lungs after the most forcible expiration possible
76
Seminal glands
a pair of simple tubular glands posteroinferior to the urinary bladder
77
Spermiogenesis
the final stage of spermatogenesis was is seeds the maturing of spermatids into mature, motile spermatozoa
78
Stratum functionalis
a thick superficial layer that is shed off during menstruation and grows anew each cycle
79
Type II alveolar cells
cover a small fraction of the alveolar surface area. Their function is of major importance in the secretion of pulmonary surfactant, which decreases the surface tension

A&P Final (4 decks)

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