MC

Question 1

Which of the choices below describes the ANS?

• motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands
• motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to the end of the colon where feces exits
• sensory neurons that convey information from somatic receptors in the head, body wall, and limbs from receptors from the special senses of vision, hearing, taste, and smell to the CNS
• Sensory and motor neurons that supply the digestive tract

Answer 1

motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

Question 2

What are ciliated CNS neuroglia that plays an active role in moving the cerebrospinal fluid called?

Answer 2

ependymal cells

Question 3

What does the central nervous system use to determine the strength of a stimulus?

Answer 3

frequency of the action potentials

Question 4

Which of the following is an excitatory neurotransmitter secreted by motor neurons innervating skeletal muscle?

• cholinesterase
• norepinephrine
• acetylcholine
• gamma-aminobutyric acid

Answer 4

acetylcholine

Question 5

The period after an initial stimulus when a neuron is not sensitive to another is the ______.

Answer 5

absolute refractory period

Question 6

What is the role of acetylcholinesterase?

Answer 6

destroy ACh a brief period after its release by the axon endings

Question 7

The term central nervous system refers to the ________.

Answer 7

brain and spinal cord

Question 8

Saltatory conduction is made possible by _______.

Answer 8

the myelin sheath

Question 9

The primary auditory cortex is located in the ______.

Answer 9

Temporal lobe

Question 10

Which fissure separates the cerebral hemispheres?

Answer 10

Longitudinal fissure

Question 11

Broca’s area _________.

Answer 11

is considered a motor speech area

Question 12

The process of linking new facts with old facts already stored in the memory banks is called ______.

Answer 12

association

Question 13

Striking the “funny bone” is actually stimulation of ( or injury to) the ____.

Answer 13

ulnar nerve

Question 14

Potentially damaging stimuli that result in pain are selectively detected by _____.

Answer 14

nociceptors

Question 15

The sciatic nerve is a combination of which of the two nerves?

• pudendal and posterior femoral cutaneous
• posterior femoral cutaneous and tibial
• pudendal and common fibular
• common fibular and tibial

Answer 15

common fibular and tibial

Question 16

Cardiovascular effects of the sympathetic division include all except _______.

• constriction of must blood vessels
• dilation of the vessels serving the skeletal muscles
• increase of heart rate and force
• dilation of the blood vessels serving the skin and digestive viscera

Answer 16

dilation of the blood vessels serving the skin and digestive viscera

Question 17

Parasympathetic functions include _______.

Answer 17

lens accommodation for close vision, such as reading a book

Question 18

What structure regulates the amount of light passing to the visual receptor of the eye?

Answer 18

iris

Question 19

Farsightedness is more properly called _____.

Answer 19

hyperopia

Question 20

Ordinarily, it is not possible to transplant tissue from one person to another, yet corneas can be transplanted without tissue rejection. This is because of the cornea ______.

Answer 20

Has no blood supply

Question 21

Motion sickness seems to ______.

Answer 21

Result from a mismatch between visual and vestibular inputs

Question 22

The only special sense not fully functional at birth is the sense of _________.

Answer 22

vision

Question 23

The blind spot of the eye is where ________.

Answer 23

The optic nerve leaves the eye

Question 24

Light passes through the following structures in what order?

Answer 24

Cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous

Question 25

Seventy percent of all sensory receptors are located in the \_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 25

eye

Question 26

Chemical substances secreted by cells into the extracellular fluids and that regulate the metabolic function of the other cells in the body are called \_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 26

Hormones

Question 27

Which endocrine gland is known as the "master endocrine gland' since it regulates the function of most other?

Answer 27

anterior pituitary

Question 28

Which endocrine organ is important in developing the immune system in early childhood then declines in size with age?

Answer 28

Thymus

Question 29

Steroid hormones exert their action by \_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 29

entering the nucleus of a cell in initiating or altering the expression of a gene

Question 30

In circumstances where the body requires prolonged or increased levels of a hormone, the DNA of target cells will specify the synthesis of more receptors on the surface of the target organ. This is known as \_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 30

up-regulation

Question 31

Which endocrine organ is just a hormone-storage area for hormones made by the hypothalamus?

Answer 31

Posterior pituitary

Question 32

What is the average normal pH range of blood?

Answer 32

7.35-7.45

Question 33

Which of the choices below is the parent cell for all formed elements of blood?

Answer 33

Hemocytoblast

Question 34

Platelets \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 34

stick to the damaged area blood vessels and help seal the break

Question 35

What organ in the body regulates erythrocyte production?

Answer 35

Kidney

Question 36

Normal heart sounds are caused by which of the following events?

Answer 36

closure of the heart valves

Question 37

The left ventricular wall of the heart is thicker than the right wall in order to \_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 37

pump blood with greater pressure

Question 38

Damage to the ______ is referred to as heart block.

Answer 38

AV node

Question 39

What statement best describes arteries?

Answer 39

All carry blood away from the heart.

Question 40

Permitting the exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue cells is the primary function of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 40

Capillaries

Question 41

Which of the following is likely during vigorous exercise?

Answer 41

Capillaries of the active muscles will be engorged with blood.

Question 42

The thymus is most active during \_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 42

childhood

Question 43

Which lymphatic structure drains lymph from the right upper limb and the ride side of the head and thorax?

Answer 43

Right lymphatic duct

Question 44

Which of the following is not a function of the lymphatic system? * Draining excess interstitial fluid * carrying out immune response * transporting of dietary fat * transporting respiratory gases

Answer 44

transporting respiratory gases

Question 45

Which of the following is not a type of T cells? * cytotoxic * antigenic * helper * regulatory

Answer 45

antigenic

Question 46

B lymphocytes develop immunocompetence in the \_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 46

bone marrow

Question 47

Small molecules that bind with self-proteins to produce antigenic substances are called\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 47

haptens

Question 48

What will specific foreign substances out adaptive immune system be able to recognize and resist?

Answer 48

genes

Question 49

The primary immune response \_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 49

has a lag period while B cells proliferate and differentiate into plasma cells.

Question 50

Define the four types of tissue grafts.

Answer 50

* Autografts: from one body site to another in the same person * Isografts: between identical twins * Allografts: between individuals who are not identical twins * Xenografts: from another animal species

Question 51

Regarding acquired immunity, the introduction into a recipient of dead or attenuated pathogens, via a vaccine, is an example of\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 51

Active, artificially acquired immunity.

Question 52

The most common overreactions of the immune system are known as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 52

allergies

Question 53

The most powerful respiratory for breathing in a healthy person is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 53

increase of CO2

Question 54

Because the lungs are filled with fluid during fetal life, what is true about the fetal respiratory exchange?

Answer 54

Respiratory exchanges are made through the placenta

Question 55

Which of the disorders below is characterized by destruction of the walls alveoli producing abnormally large air spaces that remain filled with air during exhalation? * Pneumonia * tuberculosis * emphysema * coryza

Answer 55

emphysema

Question 56

The absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine is enhanced by increasing the surface area of the mucosal lining. Which of the following accomplish this task?

Answer 56

Plicate circulares,villi and microvilli

Question 57

Which of the following is _not_ true of salvia?

Answer 57

contains enzymes that begin to break down of proteins

Question 58

Hydrochloric acid is secreted by which of the secretory cells of the stomach?

Answer 58

parietal cells

Question 59

Which of the following is an essential role played by large intestine bacteria?

Answer 59

synthesize vitamin K and B-complex

Question 60

What type of epithelium makes up the bladder

Answer 60

Transitional epithelial tissue

Question 61

Why is there fatty tissue around the kidneys?

Answer 61

it holds the kidneys in their normal position.

Question 62

What do the dartos and cremaster muscles do?

Answer 62

When the temperature is too low, the tunica dartos muscle contracts, causing the scrotal skin to wrinkle, and thus the scrotum has a smaller surface area for heat loss. Cold-induced contraction of the cremaster muscle also raises the testes to bring them closer to the warmer groin region

Question 63

What gland is responsible for making 70% of semen?

Answer 63

Seminal glands

Question 64

What destroys the sperm receptors on the surface of the oocyte?

Answer 64

zonal inhibiting protein

Question 65

What hormone stimulates milk ejection?

Answer 65

Oxytocin

Question 66

What produces hormones and maintains pregnancy for the first three months?

Answer 66

If pregnancy occurs, corpus luteum produces hormones that sustain the pregnancy until the placenta takes over at about 3 months.

Question 67

Which hormone maintains the viability of the corpus luteum?

Answer 67

Human chorionic gonadotropin

Question 68

What stage is the afterbirth expelled

Answer 68

The Placental stage

Question 69

What female structure that is homologous to the male penis?

Answer 69

Clitoris

Question 70

What cells produce testosterone?

Answer 70

Interstitial endocrine cells

Question 71

How does the testis respond to excessive body warmth?

Answer 71

They move away from the pelvic cavity