Vocabulary CH 13

Question 1

Humanism

Answer 1

movement that revived ancient Greek/Roman thoughts and turned away from scholasticism focusing primarily on classical antiquity

Question 2

New Monarchs

Answer 2

rulers/leaders who created unification for their nation or stable form of government and allowed economic growth

Question 3

Renaissance

Answer 3

period of cultural rebirth focusing on revival of classical learning/humanism and decline if feudal system

Question 4

Lorenzo Valla

Answer 4

Italian humanist, philosopher, literary critic known for attacks on medieval tradition

Question 5

Individualism

Answer 5

served as basis for rational thought and focused around outlook of moral worth of an individual

Question 6

Codottiere

Answer 6

contracted mercenaries

Question 7

Rationalism

Answer 7

basis for scientific thought and intellectual context outside religion

Question 8

Secularism

Answer 8

thought that is brought up and not based on religious context and focuses on separation of state from religious institutions

Question 9

Virtu

Answer 9

capabilities of community and its leader and ideal traits necessary for state maintenance

Question 10

Council of Trent

Answer 10

council of Roman Catholic Church that encompasses acts and objectives of Counter Reformation

Question 11

Brethren of Common Life

Answer 11

religious community that focused on meditation and criticism of speculative spirituality

Question 12

Charles V

Answer 12

Roman Emperor and King of Spain and had difficulty controlling empire due to growth of Protestanism

Question 13

John Calvin

Answer 13

theologian and journalist who impacted fundamental doctrines of Protestantism after Martin Luther

Question 14

Martin Luther

Answer 14

theologian known for introduction of the Protestant Reformation and provided incentive to follow Protestant religion away from church authority

Question 15

Usury

Answer 15

action of lending money with high rates of interest

Question 16

Peace of Augsburg

Answer 16

treaty between Charles V and Schmalkalave League following their religious conflict

Question 17

Baroque

Answer 17

stylized culture following mannerism and focused on ornate detail and exaggerated motion

Question 18

John Knox

Answer 18

represented Scottish Reformation as a spokesman and helped to influence democratic form of government the Church of Scotland adopted

Question 19

Inquisition

Answer 19

judicial system of Roman Church focused on combatting heresy and the Protestant Reformation

Question 20

Indulgence

Answer 20

full or partial remission of punishment of sin based on fee

Question 21

Simony

Answer 21

selling of church office and roles

Question 22

Pluralism

Answer 22

signified diversity of religious views

Question 23

Theocracy

Answer 23

enforced deity as ruler

Question 24

Nepotism

Answer 24

favoritism regarding close relatives

Question 25

Jesuits Secularlism

Answer 25

interpretation of secularization being egregious but necessary to development

Question 26

Index

Answer 26

alphabetic arrangement of material

Question 27

Sir Thomas More

Answer 27

philosopher, journalist, and lawyer known for influencing the utopian genre and advocate of reformation

Question 28

Benvenuto Cellini

Answer 28

Florentine sculptor, goldsmith, and writer who implemented the use of mannerism