Vocabulary CH 15

Question 1

James II

Answer 1

final Stuart ruler; forced to abdicate in favor of William and Mary guaranteeing parliamentary supremacy

Question 2

Petition of Right

Answer 2

parliamentary document that restricted king’s power; called for recognition of the writ of habeas corpus and held that only Parliament could impose new taxes

Question 3

Puritan Revolution

Answer 3

reference to the English civil war, waged to determine whether sovereignty would reside in monarch or Parliament

Question 4

William of Orange

Answer 4

Dutch prince and foe of Louis XIV who became king of England in 1689

Question 5

Dutch East India Company

Answer 5

chartered joint stock company that controlled spice trade in the East Indies

Question 6

Puritanism

Answer 6

Protestant sect in England hoped to purify the Anglican church of Roman Catholic traces in practice and organization

Question 7

Charles I

Answer 7

brought conflict with Parliament to a head and was subsequently executed

Question 8

Absolutism

Answer 8

theory that monarch is supreme and can exercise full and complete power unilaterally

Question 9

Concordat of Bologna

Answer 9

treaty under which the French Crown recognized supremacy of the pope over a council and obtained the right to appoint all French bishops and abbots

Question 10

Vasco de Gama

Answer 10

first European to reach Pacific Ocean?

Question 11

Frederick the Great

Answer 11

Prussian ruler who expanded territory by invading the duchy of Silesia and defeating Maria Theresa of Austria

Question 12

Versailles

Answer 12

palace contructed by Louis XIV outside of Paris to glorify his rule and subdue the nobility

Question 13

Diggers and Levellers

Answer 13

radical groups in England in the 1650s who called for the abolition of private ownership and extension of the franchise

Question 14

Colbert

Answer 14

financial minister under the French king Louis XIV who promoted mercantilist policies

Question 15

Elizabeth I

Answer 15

Protestant ruler of England, helped stabilize religious tensions by subordinating theological issues to political considerations

Question 16

Armada

Answer 16

Spanish vessels defeated in the English channel by an English fleet thus preventing Philip II’s invasion of England

Question 17

Prince William of Orange

Answer 17

Leader of the seventeen provinces of the Netherlands

Question 18

Interregnum

Answer 18

period of Cromwellian rule between the Stuart dynastic rules if Charles I and Charles II

Question 19

Prince Henry the Navigator

Answer 19

sponsor of voyages along West African coasts

Question 20

Thomas Hobbes

Answer 20

Political theorist advocating absolute monarchy based on his concept of an anarchic state of nature

Question 21

Constitutionalism

Answer 21

theory that power should be shared between rulers and their subjects and the state governed according to laws

Question 22

Habeas Corpus

Answer 22

legal protection that prohibits the imprisonment of a subject without demonstrated cause

Question 23

Peter the Great

Answer 23

Romanov czar who initiated westernization of Russian society by traveling to the West and incorporating techniques of manufacturing as well as manners and dress

Question 24

Charles II

Answer 24

king during Restoration following Cromwell’s interregnum

Question 25

Peace of Westphalia

Answer 25

treaty ending Thirty Years' War in Germany; it allowed each prince whether Lutheran, Catholic, or Calvinist to choose the established creed of his territory

Question 26

French Classicism

Answer 26

style in seventeenth century art and literature resembling the arts in the ancient world and in the Renaissance like works of Poussin, Moliere, and Racine

Question 27

Maria Theresa

Answer 27

archduchess of Austria queen of Hungary who lost the Hapsburg possession of Silesia to Frederick the Great but was able to keep her other Austrian territories

Question 28

Francisco Pizarro

Answer 28

conquerer of Peru

Question 29

Defenestration of Prague

Answer 29

hurling of Catholic officials from a castle window in Prague setting off the Thirty Years' War

Question 30

Bartholomew Diaz

Answer 30

first European to reach southern tip of Africa

Question 31

Frederick William

Answer 31

"Great Elector" who built strong Prussian army and infused military values into Prussian society

Question 32

Oliver Cromwell

Answer 32

principal leader and a gentry member or the Puritans in Parliament

Question 33

Restoration

Answer 33

return of the Stuart monarchy after the period of republican government under Cromwell

Question 34

James I

Answer 34

monarch who ignored constitutional principles and asserted divine right of kings

Question 35

Gustavus Adolphus

Answer 35

Swedish Lutheran who won victories for German Protestants in Thirty Years War and lost his life in one of battles

Question 36

Christopher Columbus

Answer 36

first European to sail to West Indies

Question 37

Ferdinand Magellan

Answer 37

circumnavigator of the globe

Question 38

Hueguenots

Answer 38

French Calvinists

Question 39

Peace of Utrecht

Answer 39

pact concluding the War of the Spanish succession forbidding the union of France with Spain and conferring control of Gibraltar on England

Question 40

Bill of Rights

Answer 40

English document declaring that sovereignty resided with Parliament

Question 41

Glorious Revolution

Answer 41

reference to political events when James II abdicated his throne and was replaced by his daughter Mary and her husband William of Orange

Question 42

Louis XIV

Answer 42

ruler of France who established the supremacy of absolutism

Question 43

Fernando Cortez

Answer 43

conqueror of the Aztecs

Question 44

John Locke

Answer 44

defended the glorious Revolution with the argument that all people are born with certain natural rights to life, liberty, and property

Question 45

Test Act

Answer 45

law prohibiting Catholics and dissenters to hold political office

Question 46

Fronde

Answer 46

last aristocratic revolt against the English monarch

Question 47

Edict of Nantes

Answer 47

edict of Henry IV that granted Huguenots the rights of public worship and religious tolerance in France

Question 48

Duke of Avila

Answer 48

Military leader sent by Philip to pacify the Low Countries

Question 49

New Model Army

Answer 49

disciplined fighting force of Protestants led by Oliver Cromwell

Question 50

Mercantilism

Answer 50

governmental policies by which the state regulates the economy through taxes, tariff, subsidies, and laws

Question 51

St. Bartholomew's Day

Answer 51

Catholic attack on Calvinists on marriage day of Margaret of Valois to Henry IV

Question 52

Catherine de Medici

Answer 52

exercised political influence after death of her husband

Question 53

War of the Spanish succession

Answer 53

last of Louis XIV's wars involving the issue of succession to the Spanish throne

Question 54

Henry IV

Answer 54

ascended the French throne as a convert to Catholicism

Question 55

Phillip II

Answer 55

successor to Charles V ruling Spain and the Low Countries

Question 56

Divine Right Monarchy

Answer 56

belief that a monarch's power derived from God and represents him on earth