Vocabulary Chapter 14,15,17,19 Flashcards
(30 cards)
Apoptosis
programmed cell death
AUG
Start codon
cDNA
DNA copies of mRNA
Cell determination
Decision that commits a cell to a certain development
Central dogma
States that information passes from DNA to RNA the into a protein
Cleavage
Period of rapid cell division following fertilization
DNA fingerprinting
Identifying technique based on differences in DNA of individuals
DNA gyrase
Relieves torsional strain caused by unwinding DNA
DNA ligase
Enzyme that forms phosphodiester bonds between nucleotides in DNA, seals the ‘nick’ on the lagging strand
DNA polymerase
Adds nucleotides to the 3’ end of a growing DNA chain
Erwin Chargaff
Formulated the base pair rules
Helicase
Unzips the DNA template
Knockout mice
Organisms with certain known genes inactivated
Missense mutations
Based substittution that changes an amino aid in a protein
mRNA
RNA that transports the information in DNA out of the nucleus
Nonsense mutation
Base substitution in which a codon is changed to a stop codon
Northern blotting
When mRNA is separated by electrophoresis
Okazaki Fragments
DNA fragments synthesized on the lagging strand
Photorepair
Specific repair of DNA damaged caused by UV light
Recombinant DNA
Single DNA molecule made from two different sources
Stem cells
Undifferentiated cells that can give rise to differentiated cells
Taq polymerase
Heat resistant enzyme used in the PCR procedure
Telomere
Short repeat sequences that protect the lagging strand from degradation
Thymine, Cytosine
Pyrimidine bases
